2026甘肅職教高考英語總復習課件 第一十二章 第三節(jié) 形容詞性從句(定語從句)

電子教案《職教高考 英語 總復習》2第十二章　句 子 種 類第一部分　基 礎 知 識第三節(jié)　復　合　句形容詞性從句(定語從句)續(xù)表在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子叫作定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫作先行詞，定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as和關系副詞where、 when、 why。關系代詞和關系副詞放在定語從句和先行詞之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。如：Do you know the man who gave the talk this afternoon？(who作主語)You must do everything that I do. (that作賓語)(先行詞)(關系代詞) (定語從句)(先行詞)(關系代詞) (定語從句)【知識點一】　關系代詞的用法關系代詞的作用有三個：引導定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中充當一定的成分。關系代詞的選擇：首先確定先行詞，看先行詞是指人還是指物；然后看先行詞在從句中作什么成分。(1)that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。如：The bag (that) she bought last week looks very beautiful.她上個星期買的包看起來很漂亮。The man that lives in the house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機是一種能飛的機器。Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? 那邊看報的人是誰？(2)which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作主語時不能省略，作賓語時可以省略。如：The book (which) I read yesterday is written by J．K. Rowling.昨天我讀的那本書是由J.K.羅琳寫的。The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我們昨晚看的那部電影非常精彩。A chemistry shop is a shop which sells medicine. 藥店是賣藥的商店。(3)who、 whom指人，在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語，whose可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。如：The man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.昨天參觀我們班的那個人是新來的校長。Who is the man whom you just talked to? 剛才和你談話的那個人是誰？Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last week.魏芳就是上周家里著火的那位學生。A room whose windows face south is his favorite. 窗戶向南的房子是他的最愛。(4)關系代詞whom、 which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，構成“介詞＋which/whom”結構，可以放在主句和從句中間。為了使關系代詞緊跟先行詞，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關動詞的后面。如：This is the room in which we lived last year.＝This is the room (which/that) we lived in last year.這就是我們去年住過的房間。Who's the man with whom you just shook hands?＝Who's the man whom you just shook hands with?剛才和你握手的那個人是誰？The price at which the product is sold now is going up soon.這種產品現(xiàn)在所賣的價格不久就要上漲。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請你告訴我你是從誰那兒借的這本英文小說?！咀⒁狻?含有介詞的短語動詞表示完整的意義，如果不能拆開，則介詞仍然放在動詞的后面，而不能提前到關系代詞的前面。如：Is this the book for which he was looking? (×)Is this the book (which) he was looking for? (√)這就是他正在找的書嗎？The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (×)The babies (whom) the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (√)護士們正在照料的那些嬰兒都很健康。(5)關系代詞只用that而不用which的情況。①先行詞前有序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級修飾，或本身就是序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級時。如：The first text that we are to learn is very difficult. 我們即將要學的第一課很難。This is the best film that has been made. 這是有史以來拍得最好的一部電影。②先行詞前有 the only、 the very、 the same、 the last、 few、 little、 just、 right、 any、 all和next等詞修飾時。如：There is little time that we can use. 我們幾乎沒有時間了。This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。③被修飾的先行詞為all、 any、 much、 many、 everything、 anything、 none、 the one和nothing等不定代詞時。如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 商店里有什么東西你要買嗎？That's all (that) I want to say. 那就是我想說的所有內容。④先行詞里同時含有人和物的名詞時。如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地記得我在那個房間所見的人和一些照片。They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.他們談論了他們還記得的學校里的一些人和事。⑤主句是who 或which引導的特殊疑問句，為了避免重復，只用that而不用which。如：Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？(6)關系代詞只用which而不用that的情況。①先行詞為that或those時。如：What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那個東西是什么？②關系代詞前有介詞，即“介詞＋關系代詞”結構中，只用which而不用that。如：This is the room in which he lives. 這就是他居住的房間。③引導非限制性定語從句時。如：Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興?！局R點二】　關系副詞的用法(1)when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，先行詞通常為表時間的詞，when相當于“介詞(in, at, on, during...)＋which”。如：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.→I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing. 我還記得我第一次來北京的那天。I'll never forget the day when (on which) I joined the League. 我將永遠不會忘記我入團的那天。(2)where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞通常為表地點的詞，where相當于“介詞(in, at, on...)＋which”。如：This is the house where (in which) the old man lived 10 years ago.這就是這位老人十年前住過的房子。The factory where (in which) his father works is in the west of the city.他父親上班的那家工廠在城西。(3)why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，先行詞通常為reason，why相當于for which。如：Nobody knows the reason why (for which) he is often late for school.沒有人知道他為什么常常上學遲到?！咀⒁狻?習慣上總是把表示時間和地點的名詞與關系副詞when、 where聯(lián)系在一起，但要注意用關系代詞還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。當表示時間和地點的名詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語時，仍然用關系代詞that或which，而不用when或where。如：This is the date which/that we，re proud of. 這就是那個我們自豪的日子。(the date作be proud of的賓語)This is the factory (that/which) we visited last week. 這就是我們上周參觀過的那家工廠。(the factory作visited的賓語)【知識點三】　限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句(1)限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。在這種定語從句中，從句和主句的關系十分密切，書寫時不能用逗號隔開。如：She found the necklace (which/that) she lost two weeks ago.她找到了兩周前丟失的那條項鏈。(2)非限制性定語從句的主句和從句的關系不是十分密切，從句只是對先行詞做些附加的說明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚，這種定語從句的主句和從句之間用逗號隔開，不用that引導。如：Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy.昨天我遇到了李萍，她好像很忙。In this country, which has a population of 60 million, 100，000 people die from smoking each year. 在這個有著六千萬人口的國家，每年有十萬人死于抽煙。This house, for which he paid $150，000, is now worth $300，000. 這個他當初花了十五萬美元買下的房子，現(xiàn)在值三十萬美元。She had 8 children, three of whom have grown up.她有八個孩子，其中三個已經長大了。(3)which用于非限制性定語從句中，可以用來指代上文中的一件事，也就是整個主句所敘述的事情。如：Lucy failed the exam again, which made her very sad. 露西又沒通過考試，這使她很傷心。He won the match again, which was exactly what we wanted. 他又一次贏得了比賽，這確實是我們想要的結果?！局R點四】　使用定語從句應注意的問題(1)關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。如：The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.三年級的學生明天去爬山。The man who lives downstairs speaks English. 住在樓下的那個人說英語?！咀⒁狻?of 短語作定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句是修飾of前面的詞還是of后面的詞，要看of前面的詞是否有修飾成分。①當定語從句中的先行詞是“one of＋復數(shù)名詞”結構時，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Tom was one of the students who were late for school this morning.湯姆是今天早上遲到的學生之一。(從句修飾students)②當定語從句的先行詞是用“the only one of＋復數(shù)名詞”結構時，定語從句的謂語動詞應該用單數(shù)形式。如：Tom is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.湯姆是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。(從句修飾the only one)(2)定語從句有時緊跟先行詞，有時中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。如：There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand. 他的眼睛里有一種我不明白的神情。(先行詞是an expression)The days are gone forever when the town was poor.這個小鎮(zhèn)的貧窮日子一去不復返了。(先行詞是the days)(3)引導定語從句的關系副詞可以用“介詞＋which”來代替。如：October 12th, 1998, was the day on which/when the company was founded. 1998年10月12日是這家公司成立的日子。This is the room in which/where Lu Xun once lived. 這是魯迅曾經住過的房間。(4)關系代詞和關系副詞在從句中充當一定的成分，因此使用時要注意避免從句中句子成分的重復出現(xiàn)。如：Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. (×)Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday. (√)請給我看一看你昨天買的那本詞典。This is the house where I lived in two years ago. (×)This is the house where I lived two years ago. (√)這是我兩年前住過的房子?！纠?】　(2024年甘肅省分類考試)Do you remember the teacher ________ us Chinese in high school？(　　) A. whom taught B. who taught C. whose taught D. which taught例1例3【解析】　句中先行詞為the teacher，指人，關系詞在從句中作主語，可用關系代詞who/that。故選B。B例2例4例5【例2】　(2023年甘肅省分類考試)Do you know the girl ________ mother is an English teacher？(　　) A. whose B. who C. which D. that【解析】　句中先行詞為the girl，關系詞在定語從句中作定語修飾mother，應用whose。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5【例3】　(2021年甘肅省分類考試)I am watching the movie ________ won the Best Movie Award last year.(　　) A. whether B. that C. when D. where【解析】　先行詞the movie指物，且關系詞在定語從句中作主語，可用關系代詞that或which。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5【例4】　(2021年甘肅省分類考試)Luoyang is the famous city ________ the Longmen Grotto is located.(　　) A. when B. where C. while D. what【解析】　先行詞the famous city指地點，關系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，用關系副詞where。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5【例5】　(2020年甘肅省分類考試)Lucy and her mother are talking about the things and persons ________ they met yesterday.(　　) A. that B. which C. what D. this【解析】　先行詞the things and persons既含有人又含有物，只能用關系代詞that。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5(　　)1. The silk ________ is made in Hangzhou sells well.A. that B. who C. what D. /1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 先行詞是指物的名詞，且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語。故選A。A(　　)2. The book ________ cover has many beautiful pictures is about some places of interest in China.A. which B. whose C. that D. who【解析】 先行詞是The book，cover和book之間是所屬關系，定語從句中缺少cover的定語，應用whose。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)3. Do you know the boy ________ is holding a ball?A. which B. when C. who D. what【解析】 先行詞是the boy，指人，關系詞在從句中作主語，用關系代詞who。故選C。C 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)4. The white skirt ________ my brother bought for me is made of silk.A. that B. when C. who D. what【解析】 先行詞The white skirt指物，關系詞在定語從句中作賓語，應用that或which。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)5. —What kind of books do you like best?—I like the books ________ me think more about the life.A. which make B. that makes C. what make D. who makes【解析】 先行詞是復數(shù)名詞books，指物，定語從句中缺少主語，應用which或that，謂語動詞用原形。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)6. There are many places in the world ________ have been visited by a few, like Antarctia.A. who B. where C. that D. when【解析】 先行詞是many places，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，關系代詞用that。故選C。C 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)7. This is the only dictionary ________ the children have in the very poor village.A. who B. where C. that D. which【解析】 先行詞前有the only、 the very、 the same、 the last、 few、 little、 just、 right、 any、 all和next等詞修飾時，關系詞只能用that。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)8. This is one of the best films ________ I have ever seen.A. which B. thatC. of which D. of that【解析】 先行詞前有形容詞的最高級修飾時，關系詞用that。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)9. This is the factory ________ he worked ten years ago.A. that B. whereC. which D. the one1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 先行詞是表地點的名詞且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞where。故選B。B(　　)10. —Tomorrow is Father's Day. What's your surprise for your father?—The first thing ________ I will do is to make a card for him.A. who B. whom C. which D. that【解析】 先行詞thing前有序數(shù)詞first修飾，關系詞只能用that。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)11. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.A. that B. whoC. from whom D. to whom【解析】 turn to的意思是“向某人求助”，而先行詞person指人，所以選to whom。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)12. That is the room ________ window was broken last night.A. what B. that C. when D. whose1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 先行詞the room指物，關系詞在定語從句中作定語，應用whose。故選D。D(　　)13. All the students like the teachers ________ are kind to them.A. which B. who C. whose D. whom【解析】 先行詞是the teachers，指人，且關系代詞在句中作主語，因此應用who。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)14. Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which【解析】 先行詞為the year，關系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，應用when，相當于in which。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)15. He talked a lot about things and persons ________ he remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what【解析】 先行詞里同時含有人和物的名詞時，關系詞只能用that不能用which。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)16. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?A. who B. that C. whom D. which【解析】 先行詞是gas且前有the only 修飾，只能用關系代詞that。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)17. —Do you like the talk show The Readers on CCTV?—Sure. It is a great TV program, ________ can develop the habit of reading.A. that B. which C. / D. what【解析】 先行詞是a great TV program，指物，在從句中作主語，關系詞引導非限制性定語從句，只能用which。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)18. WeChat is an invention ________ can help people talk to friends, share photos and ideas, and feel free.A. that B. where C. it D. with which1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 先行詞是an invention，在從句中作主語，關系詞應該用that。故選A。A(　　)19. The teacher didn't know the reason ________ Li Lin was late for school.A. who B. which C. whose D. why【解析】 先行詞是the reason, 關系詞在定語從句中作原因狀語，應用why。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)20. This is the very book ________ I want to find.A. that B. which C. it D. with whichA1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 先行詞前有 the only、 the very、 the same、 the last、 few、 little、 just、 right、 any、 all、 next等詞修飾時，關系代詞只能用that。故選A。Thanks！