2026甘肅職教高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)課件 第一十二章 第一節(jié) 簡(jiǎn)單句

電子教案《職教高考 英語(yǔ) 總復(fù)習(xí)》2第十二章　句 子 種 類(lèi)第一部分　基 礎(chǔ) 知 識(shí)第一節(jié)　簡(jiǎn) 單　句【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】　句子分類(lèi)句子是一個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位，也是人們進(jìn)行交際和表達(dá)思想的基本語(yǔ)言單位，它是一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)一體。英語(yǔ)句子可以按其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能兩類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類(lèi)。根據(jù)句子的功能，可以分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。復(fù)合句包括名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)、形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)和副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)，如表1-12-1表示。表1-12-1　句子的分類(lèi)續(xù)表續(xù)表【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】　句子成分句子是由作用不同的各部分組成的，每個(gè)部分在句子中都具有一定的功能，這些部分被稱(chēng)為句子成分。句子成分可以由單詞也可以由詞組或從句構(gòu)成。1. 主語(yǔ)(subject)主語(yǔ)是句子需要說(shuō)明或描述的對(duì)象，是句子的主體，一般放在句首。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞均可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。此外，動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或主語(yǔ)從句也可以作句子的主語(yǔ)。如：Our campus is quiet and beautiful. 我們的校園安靜又美麗。(名詞作主語(yǔ))He works hard and is ready to help others. 他學(xué)習(xí)努力，又樂(lè)于助人。(代詞作主語(yǔ))Twenty divided by five is four. 二十除以五等于四。(數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ))Running is good for our health. 跑步有助于我們的健康。(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))What he said is not true. 他說(shuō)的不是真的。(從句作主語(yǔ))2. 謂語(yǔ)(predicate)謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的。在句子中，謂語(yǔ)一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，且一般位于主語(yǔ)之后。如：Silk feels smooth. 絲綢摸起來(lái)很光滑。Can you sing English songs? 你會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌嗎？They all stopped talking when the teacher came in. 老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他們都停止了說(shuō)話(huà)。Thank you for your calling. 謝謝你打電話(huà)來(lái)。3. 賓語(yǔ)(object)賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的人(或物)或是介詞后面的名詞(或代詞)。一般前者為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，放在及物動(dòng)詞之后，而后者稱(chēng)為介詞賓語(yǔ)。此外，動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式和名詞性賓語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Please post the letter for me. 請(qǐng)幫我把信發(fā)了。(名詞作賓語(yǔ))I prefer to go there by air. 我寧愿坐飛機(jī)去那里。(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ))What can I do for you? 我能為你做點(diǎn)什么？(代詞作賓語(yǔ))Enough sleep can make us energetic and enable us to perform well in an exam.充足的睡眠能使我們精力充沛，并使我們考出好成績(jī)。(代詞作賓語(yǔ))I wonder if he will go with us this afternoon．我想知道下午他是否會(huì)和我們一起走。(從句作賓語(yǔ))4. 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(complement)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)意義的，稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一般著重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的特征，常由名詞、形容詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如：I find it hard to persuade him. 我發(fā)覺(jué)說(shuō)服他很難。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))The boy was forced to stand outside. 男孩被迫站在外面。(動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ))We heard someone crying. 我們聽(tīng)到有人在哭。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ))He made it a rule to recite 10 sentences every day. 他規(guī)定每天背誦10個(gè)句子。(名詞作賓補(bǔ))5. 表語(yǔ)(predicative)表語(yǔ)就是位于連系動(dòng)詞之后的主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，一般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，可以作表語(yǔ)的詞有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句等。如：I'm tired now. 我現(xiàn)在很累。The day becomes longer and longer in summer. 夏天，白天越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)。The street smells terrible. 這條街太難聞。The man standing there is my head teacher. 站在那兒的人是我的班主任。6. 定語(yǔ)(attribute)定語(yǔ)是限定或修飾名詞(代詞)或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，常由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的前面，叫作前置定語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面，叫作后置定語(yǔ)。如：That is a beautiful flower. 那是一朵漂亮的花。(形容詞作定語(yǔ))The TV set made in that factory is very good. 那個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)的電視機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。(分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))Our country is a developing country. 我們國(guó)家是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ))I've something important to tell you. 我有重要事情要告訴你。(形容詞作定語(yǔ))The meeting that was held yesterday was quite successful. 昨天的會(huì)議非常成功。(從句作定語(yǔ))7. 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨、程度等情況的詞，常由副詞、短語(yǔ)以及從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。如：We have no classes on Sunday. 我們星期天不上課。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))What would you do if you were a millionaire? 如果你是百萬(wàn)富翁你會(huì)做什么？(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)I have waited for him for a long time. 我已經(jīng)等他很久了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Where there's a river, there is life. 有河流的地方就有生命。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)8. 同位語(yǔ)(appositive)一個(gè)名詞(或其他形式)對(duì)另外一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，這個(gè)名詞(或其他形式)就是同位語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)與被它修飾、限定的詞格式一致，并常常緊挨在一起。如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我們的新老師，史密斯先生對(duì)我們很好。We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 我們中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的。Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. Li. 昨天我與英語(yǔ)老師李老師談過(guò)了。第十二章　句 子 種 類(lèi)第一部分　基 礎(chǔ) 知 識(shí)第一節(jié)　簡(jiǎn)　單　句續(xù)表【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】　簡(jiǎn)單句的定義只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子叫作簡(jiǎn)單句。如：He learns German. 他學(xué)德語(yǔ)。(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 湯姆和杰克都喜歡鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)。(兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))We sang and danced yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我們唱歌跳舞。(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ))My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back at seven in the evening. 我和哥哥早上7：30去上學(xué)，晚上7：00回家。(兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ))【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】　按基本結(jié)構(gòu)分類(lèi)根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為以下五種句型。1. 主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)如：The weather is very cold. 天氣很冷。She looks so beautiful today. 她今天看起來(lái)真漂亮。My father is a physics teacher. 我父親是一名物理老師。The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning.漓江在清晨看上去格外美麗。2. 主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞如：Winter is coming. 冬天來(lái)了。His father has gone abroad. 他的父親出國(guó)了。The baby is crying in the next room. 嬰兒在隔壁的房間里哭。He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。We have lived in the city for ten years. 我們?cè)谶@座城市住了10年。3. 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)如：I like popular music. 我喜歡流行音樂(lè)。She likes the flowers very much. 她非常喜歡這些花。I usually do my homework at home in the evening. 我通常晚上在家做功課。He began learning English ten years ago. 他10年前開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Lin Tao can answer this question. 林濤能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。4. 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)如：He teaches us chemistry. 他教我們化學(xué)。Please tell me your telephone number. 請(qǐng)告訴我你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼。Father bought me a new bicycle. 父親給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。He told his sister the good news on the way home. 回家的路上，他告訴了妹妹這個(gè)好消息。This gave us great encouragement. 這給了我們很大的鼓舞。5. 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如：Mr. Wang asked us to stop talking. 王老師要求我們不要說(shuō)話(huà)。He heard Jack singing in the next room. 他聽(tīng)到杰克在隔壁房間唱歌。They won't let me go. 他們不會(huì)讓我走。We elected him our monitor. 我們選他做班長(zhǎng)。He likes to watch the boys playing football. 他愛(ài)看男孩子們踢足球。【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】　按語(yǔ)氣分類(lèi)根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)氣，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為以下四種句型。1. 陳述句陳述句是用來(lái)陳述一件事或者表達(dá)一種看法的句子，包括肯定陳述句和否定陳述句。如：They must have finished the work. 他們一定完成了工作。(表看法)Lucy is a beautiful girl. 露西是一個(gè)漂亮的女孩。(表事實(shí))(1)陳述句的肯定式。如：His daughter is always shy in public. 他的女兒在公共場(chǎng)合很害羞。The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.這家公司對(duì)未來(lái)五年充滿(mǎn)信心。The young man likes the pop music very much. 這個(gè)年輕人非常喜歡流行音樂(lè)。We went there early yesterday morning. 我們昨天早上早早去了那兒。(2)陳述句的否定式。①當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be、 have/has或含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在其后加not 構(gòu)成否定式。如：He hasn't planted the trees yet. 他還沒(méi)有栽樹(shù)。We can't smoke in the meeting room. 我們不能在會(huì)議室里吸煙。They won't climb Mount Tai this weekend. 這個(gè)周末他們不去登泰山。②如果句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞而又沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do，再加not構(gòu)成否定式(do的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用does，否定式用doesn't；do的過(guò)去式用did，否定式用didn't)。如：I don't have a handbag. 我沒(méi)有包。She doesn't go to school on Saturday. 星期六她不上學(xué)。Mr. Wang didn't work in the company ten years ago. 十年前王先生不在這家公司上班。③一些否定詞，如no、 hardly、 never、 seldom、 few、 little 等，也可以構(gòu)成陳述句的否定式。如：It has no arms or hands. 它沒(méi)有手臂，也沒(méi)有手。He has never been to such a big city. 他從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)這么大的城市。④兩者全部否定時(shí)，用neither...nor...或 neither。如：Neither of them can answer the question. 他們兩個(gè)都不會(huì)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Neither Jack nor his brother is fond of popular music.杰克和他的弟弟都不喜歡流行音樂(lè)。⑤兩者部分否定時(shí)，用both...not...，相當(dāng)于not both。如：Both of the students didn't do their homework. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生并非都做了家庭作業(yè)。⑥三者以上的全部否定用none、 nothing、 nobody、 no one等。如：None of them knew how to use the cell phone. 他們都不知道怎么使用手機(jī)。Nobody knows why they fight with each other. 沒(méi)有人知道他們?yōu)槭裁创蚣?。⑦三者以上的部分否定由all、 many、 every 等詞加not構(gòu)成。如：Not every girl likes shopping online. 不是所有的女孩都喜歡網(wǎng)購(gòu)。⑧在含有believe、 expect、 imagine、 suppose、 think 等詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中，本應(yīng)放于that從句的否定詞not要移動(dòng)至主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中。如：I don't think It's necessary to take this kind of medicine.我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要吃這種藥。I don't believe that he can finish it himself. 我相信他不可能獨(dú)自完成它。2. 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出疑問(wèn)，句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。疑問(wèn)句一般都要部分倒裝，即把謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等放到主語(yǔ)之前。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)由行為動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)構(gòu)成時(shí)，則須在主語(yǔ)前面加助動(dòng)詞do(或does、 did)。按照句法結(jié)構(gòu)和交際用途，疑問(wèn)句可分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反義疑問(wèn)句。(1)一般疑問(wèn)句。常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事或證實(shí)一種情況，通常用yes或no 回答的疑問(wèn)句叫作一般疑問(wèn)句，句末通常用升調(diào)。它有兩種形式：肯定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句和否定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句。①肯定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句，結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)＋其他？”或“Do/Does/Did＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？”。如：—Are you in Senior Grade One? 你是在高中一年級(jí)嗎？—Yes, I am./No, I am not. 是的，我是。/不，我不是。Can you go to school this afternoon？你今天下午能去學(xué)校嗎？Do you like learning English？你喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)嗎？②否定形式的一般疑問(wèn)句，結(jié)構(gòu)為：“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞＋not＋主語(yǔ)＋其他？”或“don't/doesn't/didn't＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？”。如：—aren't you from Japan? 難道你不是來(lái)自日本嗎？—Yes, I am./No, I am not. 不，我是來(lái)自日本。/是的，我不是來(lái)自日本?！咀⒁狻?一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示驚訝、失望、肯定事實(shí)、邀請(qǐng)和感嘆等語(yǔ)氣。如：Aren't you coming? 你不來(lái)嗎？(表示懷疑)Didn't your parents give you some money? 你父母不是給你錢(qián)了嗎？(表示驚訝)—Haven't you been to the United States? 你難道沒(méi)有去過(guò)美國(guó)嗎？(表示驚訝)—Yes, I have./No, I haven't. 不，我去過(guò)。/是， 我沒(méi)去過(guò)。(2)特殊疑問(wèn)句。特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)詞(疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞)＋一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，句末通常用降調(diào)。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代詞有who、 whose、 whom、 what、 which等，常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有where、 when、 how等。這種疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)仍按照一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，須要部分倒裝?；卮鹛厥庖蓡?wèn)句不能用yes或no，而要根據(jù)具體情況做出相應(yīng)的回答。如：—What can you see in the picture? 你能在這幅畫(huà)中看到什么？—I can see a flying kite in the sky. 我能看見(jiàn)一只在空中飛的風(fēng)箏。Who will be our English teacher this term? 這學(xué)期誰(shuí)將是我們的英語(yǔ)老師？When was your school built? 你們學(xué)校什么時(shí)候建成的？What is the reason for being late? 你遲到的原因是什么？How long have you studied English? 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)有多久了？【注意】 常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)詞(組)：who 對(duì)“誰(shuí)”提問(wèn)　 whose 對(duì)“誰(shuí)的”提問(wèn)what 對(duì)“做什么，是什么”提問(wèn) what time 對(duì)“具體時(shí)刻”提問(wèn)where 對(duì)“地點(diǎn)”提問(wèn) when 對(duì)“什么時(shí)候”提問(wèn)why對(duì)“原因”提問(wèn) how 對(duì)“怎樣”提問(wèn)which 對(duì)“哪一個(gè)”提問(wèn) what color對(duì)“顏色”提問(wèn)how old 對(duì)“年齡”提問(wèn) how many 對(duì)“多少”提問(wèn)how soon 對(duì)“in＋一段時(shí)間”提問(wèn) how much 對(duì)“多少”或“價(jià)錢(qián)”提問(wèn)how long 對(duì)“一段時(shí)間”或“for＋一段時(shí)間”提問(wèn)how often 對(duì)“頻率副詞”或“幾周/年/月幾次”提問(wèn)(3)選擇疑問(wèn)句。在選擇疑問(wèn)句中，說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)問(wèn)題提供兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的答案，供對(duì)方選擇其中的一個(gè)。選擇疑問(wèn)句可供選擇的答案之間由or連接。選擇疑問(wèn)句可供選擇的答案之中除最后一個(gè)用降調(diào)外，其余的全部用升調(diào)。選擇疑問(wèn)句有兩種形式：一般疑問(wèn)句型的選擇疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句型的選擇疑問(wèn)句。①一般疑問(wèn)句型的選擇疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：“一般疑問(wèn)句＋or＋被選擇的情況？”。如：—Do you like English or maths? 你喜歡英語(yǔ)還是數(shù)學(xué)？—I like English. 我喜歡英語(yǔ)。—Are you doing this exercise or that one? 你在做這道練習(xí)還是那一道？—This one. 這一道。②特殊疑問(wèn)句型的選擇疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：“特殊疑問(wèn)句，A or B？”。如：—Which color do you like, yellow or blue? 你喜歡哪種顏色，黃色還是藍(lán)色？—Neither, I like green. 兩種顏色都不喜歡，我喜歡綠色。—Which city do you work in, Nanning or Guilin? 你在哪座城市工作，南寧還是桂林？—I work in Guilin. 我在桂林工作。(4)反義疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句也叫附加疑問(wèn)句，是在陳述句的后面加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的一般疑問(wèn)句，用于對(duì)前面陳述的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)或進(jìn)行證實(shí)。在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，前半部分為陳述句，后半部分為簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句。如果前半部分是肯定形式，后面的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則為否定形式；如果前半部分為否定形式，后面的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則為肯定形式。對(duì)于反義疑問(wèn)句的回答，事實(shí)上肯定就用yes，事實(shí)上否定就用no，這一點(diǎn)和漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不一樣，要特別注意。如：She is a famous actress, isn't she？她是著名演員，對(duì)嗎？He hasn't been abroad, has he? 他沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)，是嗎？They said nothing about it, did they? 關(guān)于這件事他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么，對(duì)嗎？—He hasn't seen you, has he? 他沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)你，是嗎？—Yes, he has./No, he hasn't. 不，他見(jiàn)過(guò)。/是的，他沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)?！咀⒁狻?反義疑問(wèn)句中應(yīng)注意的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)。①當(dāng)陳述部分帶有never、 nothing、 nobody、 none、 no one、 seldom、 hardly、 few、 little等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用肯定形式。如：They have never been to Shanghai, have they? 他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)上海，是嗎？No one was hurt in the accident, were they? 事故中沒(méi)有人受傷，是嗎？There is little milk in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里沒(méi)有牛奶，是嗎？②當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為nothing、 anything、 everything 等不定代詞時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it。如：Nothing could prevent him from going there, could it?什么也阻止不了他去那里，對(duì)嗎？③當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為nobody、 somebody、 none、 someone、 no one、 anyone、 anybody和 everyone等不定代詞時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they或he，要根據(jù)句子表達(dá)的具體意義而定。如：Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday, didn't they/he?昨天有人拿走了我的雨傘，是嗎？④當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分一般用will you。有時(shí)也可以用can you、 could you、 would you、 won't you，但不能用do，即使祈使句中有助動(dòng)詞do，也不能用do的任何形式。如：Pass me the dictionary, will you? 把詞典遞給我，好嗎？Don't do that again, will you? 別再做那件事了，好嗎？⑤當(dāng)陳述部分是以let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分用shall we；若是以let us開(kāi)頭的祈使句，反義疑問(wèn)部分則用will you。如：Let's go for a walk, shall we? 我們?nèi)ド⒉剑脝?？Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 讓我們自己做這件事，好嗎？Let him speak first, will you? 讓他先說(shuō)，好嗎？⑥當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分要根據(jù)must 意思的不同而有所變化。當(dāng)must表示“必須”或“必要”時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分用mustn't 或needn't；當(dāng)mustn't表示“禁止”時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分一般用must；當(dāng)must表示“想必；一定”等推測(cè)意義時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分不用must，而要根據(jù)must之后的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)及含義使用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式。如：I must hand in my exercise book now, mustn't I/needn't I?我現(xiàn)在必須交練習(xí)本，是嗎？You mustn't take the magazine out of the reading room, must you?你一定不要把雜志帶出閱覽室，好嗎？He must be your English teacher, isn't he? 他一定是你們的英語(yǔ)老師，不是嗎？The professor must be working in the laboratory, isn't he?教授一定在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作，不是嗎？He must have read the book yesterday, didn't he? 他昨天一定讀了那本書(shū)，不是嗎？⑦當(dāng)陳述部分帶有that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。動(dòng)詞think、 suppose、 believe、 guess、 expect、 imagine等帶有賓語(yǔ)從句，而主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)I時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分和賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致；如果主句的主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分和主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：He said his father had been sent to hospital, didn't he?他說(shuō)他父親已經(jīng)送去醫(yī)院了，是嗎？I think he'll come to help us with our work, won't he?我想他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們工作，對(duì)嗎？I suppose they are waiting for us now, aren't they?我猜想他們正在等我們，是嗎？Nancy doesn't believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she?南希認(rèn)為買(mǎi)一個(gè)大點(diǎn)的電腦不是個(gè)好主意，是嗎？I don't think that you care for that color, do you? 我認(rèn)為你不喜歡那顏色，是嗎？You don't think I am wrong, do you? 你不認(rèn)為我錯(cuò)了，是嗎？⑧當(dāng)陳述部分為I am...時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分用aren't I。如：I'm late, aren't I? 我遲到了，是嗎？⑨當(dāng)陳述部分為感嘆句時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式，主語(yǔ)仍與感嘆句的主語(yǔ)一致。如：What a fine day today, isn't it? 今天天氣真好，對(duì)嗎？⑩當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞詞組時(shí)，反義疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it。如：To master a foreign language isn't easy, is it? 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不容易，是嗎？Swimming is a good sport, isn't it? 游泳是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，對(duì)嗎？?當(dāng)陳述部分含有un－、 in－、 im－、 ir－、 dis－等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞時(shí)，該部分仍然作肯定處理，疑問(wèn)部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He dislikes chicken, doesn't he? 他不喜歡吃雞肉，是嗎？My mother was unhappy when she came from work yesterday, wasn't she?昨天下班回來(lái)，我的媽媽很不高興，是嗎？3. 祈使句祈使句是用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、要求、祝愿等的句子，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，否定形式在動(dòng)詞原形前加don't，主語(yǔ)you 常省略。如：Be careful! 小心！Don't be late for school again! 上學(xué)別再遲到了！Remember me to your parents, please! 請(qǐng)代我向你的父母問(wèn)好！Please don't make so much noise！請(qǐng)勿喧嘩！Let's help the blind walk across the road! 讓我們幫助盲人過(guò)馬路吧！Don't let him say that! 不要讓他那樣說(shuō)！Long live the People's Republic of China! 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！May you succeed! 祝你成功！(1)祈使句的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。①多數(shù)祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，即Do型(動(dòng)詞原形＋賓語(yǔ)＋其他成分)。如：Please open the door. 請(qǐng)開(kāi)門(mén)。Sit down, please. 請(qǐng)坐?！咀⒁狻?有些祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動(dòng)詞可以省略。如：That blue one, please.＝Give me that blue one, please. 請(qǐng)給我那個(gè)藍(lán)色的。②Be型，即“Be＋表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)＋其他成分”。如：Be quiet! 請(qǐng)安靜！Be careful！小心！Be quick! 快點(diǎn)?、跮et 型，即“Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分”。如：Let him go there. 讓他去那。Let me help you with your homework. 讓我?guī)椭阕黾彝プ鳂I(yè)。【注意】 Let后除了接不帶to的不定式之外，還可以接某些副詞，如out、 in、 down、 alone等。如：Let the cat out. 讓貓出去。Open the window and let some fresh air in. 打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。Don't let the bottle down. 不要讓瓶子掉下去。Let him alone, please. 請(qǐng)讓他獨(dú)處一會(huì)兒。(2)祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。①Do型和Be型祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)都是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do not 或don't(口語(yǔ)中)，有時(shí)也可用never。如果祈使句有主語(yǔ)，則否定詞don't 或never要置于主語(yǔ)之前。如：Don't you be worried about her. 你不要擔(dān)心她。Never go there again! 再也不要去那兒了！②Let 型祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：“don't＋let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分”和“Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋not＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分”。如果賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)，多用第一種；如果賓語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)，則多用第二種。如：Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。Let's not think about it. 別再想了。③可用no 開(kāi)頭來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No parking! 禁止停車(chē)！No smoking! 禁止吸煙！No fishing! 禁止釣魚(yú)！No litter! 禁止亂扔垃圾！No entry! 禁止入內(nèi)！(3)有時(shí)可以在祈使句的動(dòng)詞之前加上do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Do get there early! 務(wù)必早點(diǎn)去那！Do be quiet! 一定要安靜！(4)特殊的祈使句表達(dá)方法。如：Patience! 要有耐心！(名詞)Hands up！舉起手來(lái)！(名詞)Bottoms up! 干杯！(名詞)After you! 您先請(qǐng)！(介詞短語(yǔ))Quickly! 快！(副詞)【注意】 與祈使句相關(guān)的兩個(gè)句型：①祈使句，and/then＋陳述句。此時(shí)，祈使句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Stop blowing, and you will find the glass clear again.＝If you stop blowing, you will find the glass clear again.如果你停止吹氣，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃又透明了。Make more effort, and You'll succeed.＝If you make more effort, you will succeed.　如果你再努力點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功。②祈使句，or＋陳述句。此時(shí)，祈使句相當(dāng)于 unless或if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you can't catch what he is saying.＝Unless you listen to the teacher carefully in class, you can't catch what he is saying.除非你在課堂上仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講，否則你不知道老師在說(shuō)什么。Be sure to come on time, or I'll be angry.＝If you aren't sure to come on time, I'll be angry.如果你不能保證準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)，我會(huì)生氣的。4. 感嘆句用以表示贊美、驚嘆、快樂(lè)、痛苦等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子稱(chēng)為感嘆句，常用what和how引出強(qiáng)調(diào)部分并放在句首(what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞或副詞)，在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)可以省略。(1)how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。①How＋形容詞或副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！如：How lucky the girl is! 這個(gè)女孩是多么幸運(yùn)??！How tall the building is! 多么高的樓啊！How beautifully she is dancing! 她的舞跳得真美?。、贖ow＋形容詞＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！如：How lovely a boy he is! 多么可愛(ài)的孩子??！How difficult a question this is! 多么難的問(wèn)題?。、跦ow＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！如：How they worked! 他們工作多辛苦??！How time flies! 時(shí)光飛逝！(2)what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。①What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))！如：What a clever boy (he is)! 多么聰明的孩子啊！What a tall building (it is)! 多么高的樓啊?、赪hat＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！如：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天氣??！What clever boys they are! 多么聰明的孩子們??！What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花?。　局R(shí)點(diǎn)四】　there be 句型1. there be 句型表示“某處存在某人或某物”(1)肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：There is＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；There are＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如：There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有本書(shū)。There is some rice on the ground. 地上有些大米。There are some flowers in front of the house. 房子前面有些花。There are many people in the street. 大街上人很多。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在be 后加 no 或者not，一般疑問(wèn)句將be提前。如：There aren't any trees on the hill. 山上沒(méi)有樹(shù)。Are there any birds in the park? 公園里有鳥(niǎo)嗎？【注意】 ①there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出，be可以運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有個(gè)會(huì)議。There was a knock at the door. 有人敲門(mén)。There will be a concert in our school next week. 下周我們學(xué)校有場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。②be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的真正主語(yǔ)保持一致，即根據(jù)“就近一致”的原則來(lái)變換be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師。There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老師和一些學(xué)生。③there be句型的反義疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)與there be對(duì)應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語(yǔ)。如：There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一臺(tái)收音機(jī)，對(duì)吧？There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there?你們學(xué)校有五十多個(gè)班級(jí)，對(duì)吧？④there be表示所屬時(shí)可用have替換。如：There is nothing but a book in my bag.＝I have nothing but a book in my bag. 我的包里只有一本書(shū)。2. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中be有時(shí)可根據(jù)句義做相應(yīng)的變化，從而使得there be結(jié)構(gòu)有些變化(1)be可與一些半助動(dòng)詞，如be about to(就要)、 be certain to(一定會(huì))、 be going to(將要)、 be likely to(可能)、 be to(要)、 had better(最好)、 have to(必須)、 used to(過(guò)去常常)、 appear/seem/happen to(似乎/恰好)等連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。如：There appeared to be nobody willing to help. 看來(lái)沒(méi)有人愿意幫忙。There used to be a building here. 過(guò)去這兒有一座樓房。There happened to be a man walking by. 碰巧有個(gè)人在此經(jīng)過(guò)。There doesn't seem to be much hope. 好像沒(méi)有太大希望。(2)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中be前可加各種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：There must be something wrong. 一定有問(wèn)題。There ought not to be so many people. 不應(yīng)該有那么多的人。There might still be hope. 可能還有點(diǎn)希望。(3)there be結(jié)構(gòu)中be有時(shí)還可以被以下動(dòng)詞替代： come(來(lái))、 develop(產(chǎn)生)、 exist(存在)、 fall(落下)、 follow(跟隨)、 happen(發(fā)生)、 lie(躺)、 live(住著)、 occur(發(fā)生)、 remain(還有)、 rise(升起)、 stand(站著)等。這些動(dòng)詞可以有時(shí)態(tài)變化，及物動(dòng)詞還可以有語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。如：Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.從前有一位國(guó)王喜歡新衣服勝過(guò)別的任何東西。There followed a terrible noise. 然后傳來(lái)了可怕的聲音。Suddenly there entered a strange man. 突然進(jìn)來(lái)了一個(gè)奇怪的人。3. there be句型的幾種特殊的表達(dá)方式(1)There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事是沒(méi)有用的如：There is no sense in making him angry. 讓他生氣是沒(méi)有用的。(2)There is no use/good doing sth. 做某事是沒(méi)有用/好處的如：There is no use trying to explain it. 試圖解釋是沒(méi)有用的。(3)There is no need to do sth. 沒(méi)有必要做某事如：There is no need to worry. 沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心。(4)There be＋名詞/代詞＋doing＋地點(diǎn)　某地有某人或某物正在做某事如：There is a kite flying in the sky. 天空中有一只飛翔的風(fēng)箏。【例1】　(2023年甘肅省分類(lèi)考試)There is little milk in the fridge, ________？(　　) A. is there B. isn't there C. there is D. there isn't例1例3【解析】　因?yàn)殛愂霾糠趾蟹穸ㄔ~little，故附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定形式，主謂與陳述部分一致。故選A。A 例2例4例5例6【例2】　(2023年甘肅省分類(lèi)考試) ________ fine weather it is！(　　) A. What B. What a C. How D. How a【解析】　句中中心詞為不可數(shù)名詞weather，因此應(yīng)用what 引導(dǎo)。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5例6【例3】　(2020年甘肅省分類(lèi)考試)—________ have you studied English?—For ten years.(　　) A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon【解析】　提問(wèn)“for＋時(shí)間段”用how long。故選B。B 例1例3例2例4例5例6【例4】　What ________ your father do？(　　) A. do B. are C. does D. is【解析】　特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為：“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋一般疑問(wèn)句”；主語(yǔ)your father是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，所以需要借助于助動(dòng)詞does。故選C。C例1例3例2例4例5例6【例5】　 ________ is your English teacher？(　　) A. Whose B. Who C. Who's D. Whom【解析】　問(wèn)“誰(shuí)”應(yīng)用who。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5例6【例6】　There ________ many great places to visit in France.(　　) A. have B. is C. are D. be【解析】　there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞要與鄰近的名詞保持一致，many great places是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以用are。故選C。C 例1例3例2例4例5例6(　　)1. There is little juice in the glass, ________？A. is it B. is there C. isn't it D. isn't there1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 這是 there be 句型的反義疑問(wèn)句。反義疑問(wèn)句需遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原則。故選B。B(　　)2. Don't tell him the secret, ________？A. will you B. won't you C. do you D. don't you【解析】 陳述部分是否定祈使句，反義疑問(wèn)部分用will you。故選A。A 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)3. Tom has few friends in the school, ________？A. does he B. didn't he C. hasn't he D. isn't he【解析】 句中的few是表示否定意義的詞， has是have 的單三形式，因此反義疑問(wèn)句中應(yīng)用does。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)4. ________ fast the boys are running!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a【解析】 how修飾形容詞和副詞，fast是副詞。故選C。C 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)5. —________ one do you like, green blouse or red blouse?—Red blouse.A. How B. What C. Which D. Where【解析】 疑問(wèn)詞which表示“哪一個(gè)”。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)6. ________ to take medicine as the doctor told yesterday.A. Not forget B. Not to forget C. Don't forget D. Forget not【解析】 祈使句的否定句在句首加don't。故選C。C 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)7. Mr. Smith told Tom ________.A. don't be late B. didn't be late C. not be late D. not to be late【解析】 tell sb. not to do sth.意為“告訴某人不要做某事”。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)8. ________ honest girl she is!A. What B. What a C. How D. What an【解析】 該句符合感嘆句句型“What＋a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！”，honest是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞，不定冠詞用an。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)9. ________ me the truth, or I will be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。故選D。D(　　)10. Rose had a wonderful time yesterday, ________ she?A. wasn't B. didn't C. hasn't D. isn't【解析】 陳述部分是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用did。陳述部分為肯定形式，則附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)用否定形式。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)11. There ________ a football game in our school next week.A. will be B. will haveC. is going to have D. are going to be【解析】 在there be句型中，there be本身表示“存在，有”，不與have連用，由此可排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；在此句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)12. —Alice, you feed the bird today, ________？—No, I won't.A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 陳述部分是祈使句，所以簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you。故選B。B(　　)13. Li Hua read the newspaper to her parents, ________？A. does she B. didn't she C. did she D. wasn't she【解析】 根據(jù)句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可知，該句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用did；根據(jù)反義疑問(wèn)句“前肯后否”的原則可知，附加問(wèn)句應(yīng)為否定形式。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)14. ________ are the shoes?A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How far【解析】 句義：“這雙鞋多少錢(qián)？”用how much 提問(wèn)價(jià)格。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)15. —________ is the Summer Palace from here?—It's about 10 minutes'alk.A. How many B. How long C. How much D. How far【解析】 how many和how much 是提問(wèn)數(shù)量的，how long 是“多久”的意思，how far用來(lái)提問(wèn)路程。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)16. Let's do it at once, ________？A. shall we B. will you C. do we D. are we【解析】 Let's 引導(dǎo)的祈使句，反義疑問(wèn)句部分用shall we。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)17. ________ exciting news! We can hang out on Friday afternoons.A. How B. What C. How an D. What an【解析】 news 是不可數(shù)名詞。此句符合感嘆句句型“What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞(＋主謂)！”。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)18. There ________ some letters and a book in the box.A. have B. is C. are D. be1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”，some letters是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故選C。C(　　)19. ________ more, and you will be full of energy.A. Exercise B. To Exercise C. Exercised D. Exercising【解析】 該句為固定句型“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”，祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)20. —________ is the World Cup held?—Every four years.A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. WhenB1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 詢(xún)問(wèn)頻率應(yīng)該用how often。故選B。Thanks！