(通用版)高考英語二輪復習課件 第2講 專題1名詞 (含詳解)

這是一份(通用版)高考英語二輪復習課件 第2講 專題1名詞 (含詳解)，共52頁。PPT課件主要包含了重 溫 真 題，dishes ，effects ，crowds ，carrots ，days ，studies ，enemies ，paintings ，belief 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1　　重 溫 真 題
2　　考 點 精 析
3　　考 點 集 訓
考向1　名詞的數(shù)與格單句語法填空1．(2018·6月浙江高考) Making Chinese __________ (dish)is seen as especially trublesme.解析：考查名詞單復數(shù)。dish是可數(shù)名詞，其前無限定詞，故用其復數(shù)形式dishes。
2．(2017·全國Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(醫(yī)學界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side ___________(effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.解析：side effect副作用，由前面的sme和下文中的兩個例子verweight and heart disease可知名詞effect用復數(shù)形式effects。
3．(2017·全國Ⅱ)In 1863 the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible __________(crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and frm wrk.解析：crwd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒有限定詞，故應用復數(shù)形式。4．(2017·全國Ⅲ)She has turned dwn several _______________(invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.解析：several幾個，其后的可數(shù)名詞要用復數(shù)形式。
invitatins
5．(2017·浙江)Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small ___________(carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.解析：a handful f一把，幾個，后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。a handful f carrts幾個胡蘿卜。
6．(全國Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle－fed, the ther is with mum—she never suspects.解析：few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故答案為days。every few days每隔幾天。句意：護理小組每隔幾天就要把他和他的妹妹交換一下以便一個在被人工喂養(yǎng)時另一個和媽媽待在一起，他的母親從來沒有懷疑過。
7．(全國Ⅱ)Recent ___________(study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.解析：根據(jù)后面的謂語動詞shw可知，主語應該是復數(shù)形式。8．(四川)Any smell might attract natural ___________(enemy) that wuld try t eat the little panda.解析：句意：任何氣味都可能引來天敵——它們會吃掉熊貓寶寶的。天敵不止一個，故用復數(shù)形式enemies。
9．(全國Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River that are pictured by artists in s many Chinese _____________(painting)．解析：many用于修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故填該名詞的復數(shù)形式paintings。
考向2　詞形變換之名詞單句語法填空1．(2019·全國卷I)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a __________ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. 解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞。根據(jù)其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。
2．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)When they were free frm wrk，they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting _______________ (cmpete)t watch，tgether with the stry behind it. 解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式t watch可以確定空格處應該填名詞形式。故填cmpetitin。
3．(2019·浙江卷)Other American studies shwed n ________________________ (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之名詞。句意：其他的美國研究表明校服和學校表現(xiàn)之間沒有聯(lián)系。n是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復數(shù)也可用單數(shù)形式。cnnect是動詞，“聯(lián)系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填cnnectin/cnnectins。
cnnectin/cnnectins
4．(2017·全國Ⅱ)This develpment was nly pssible with the ________________ (intrduce) f electric－pwered engines and lifts.解析：空格前是the，其后接名詞。intrduce的名詞形式是intrductin。5．(2017·全國Ⅲ)She is determined t carry n with her _____________ (educate)．解析：形容詞性物主代詞 her應該用來修飾名詞，educate的名詞形式是educatin。
intrductin
6．(全國Ⅱ)Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp ______________(attract)．解析：空格前有形容詞性的物主代詞，因此要用名詞形式。7．(全國Ⅱ)Then, handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu'll feel a real sense f _______________(achieve)．解析：介詞f后要用名詞作賓語。固定表達a sense f achievement成就感。
achievement
8．(全國Ⅲ)Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, wh lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C., influenced the _______________(develp) f chpsticks.解析：空前有冠詞，此處應用名詞作動詞的賓語。9．(全國Ⅱ)In additin t their simple beauty, what makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ___________(able) t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment.解析：形容詞性物主代詞their之后應當用名詞，故將able轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形式ability。句意：除了樸素之美外，這些土坯房令人贊嘆的是其具有不使用電氣設(shè)備就能自動進行空氣調(diào)節(jié)的能力。
develpment
10．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t ______________(strength) yur leg muscles(肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. 解析：考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強你腿上的肌肉。此處t是不定式符號，其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。
strengthen
?名詞的核心考點1．可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)這里主要講其不規(guī)則變化。(1)單、復數(shù)同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, wrks(工廠)。(2)合成名詞的復數(shù)。如：byfriend→byfriends, g－between→g－betweens(中間人)，grwn－up→grwn－ups; passer－by→passers－by, lker－n→lkers－n; wman dctr→wmen dctrs。
(3)只有復數(shù)形式的名詞。此類名詞往往以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示“衣服”“工具”等的總稱，不能用具體的數(shù)字修飾，也不能加不定冠詞a/an，但可以用a pair f/tw pairs f, many等修飾。如：clthes衣服，tights緊身褲， jeans牛仔褲， pajamas睡衣， pants(長)褲子，shrts短褲， scks短襪， stckings長襪， trusers褲子，glasses眼鏡， chpsticks筷子， cmpasses圓規(guī)，pincers鉗子，scissrs剪刀，scales天平等；另外一類總是以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但不能用具體的數(shù)字修飾，也不能用a/an, a pair f等修飾，只能用many, a great many, a lt f等修飾。如：belngings所有物， cngratulatins祝賀， cntents目錄， earnings收入， firewrks煙火， gds商品， leavings剩余物， pains辛勞，spirits情緒， savings積蓄，stairs樓梯，surrundings環(huán)境，wages工資，arms武器等。
(4)集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復數(shù)，如：peple，cattle, plice；有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery；有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復數(shù)，單數(shù)看作整體，復數(shù)看作集體的各個成員。如：The crew is large.船員人數(shù)很多(指整體)。The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了(指個體)。2．不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當抽象名詞表示具體的東西時，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：
①抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。
②抽象名詞與a(n)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.Wuld yu like t have a walk(swim, bath, talk) with me?It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.She made an aplgy t her mther fr her wrng dings.
(2)有些物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類時，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：sme cffee一些咖啡， a cffee一杯咖啡， three cffees三杯咖啡；sme drink一些飲料， a drink一杯飲料， three drinks三杯飲料；his hair他的頭發(fā)， a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)；glass玻璃， a glass一只玻璃杯。
3．名詞所有格(1)－'s所有格the by's mther, the children's tys, the teachers' bks, Lucy and Lily's bedrm(共用), Lucy's and Lily's bedrms(各自的)(2)“f＋名詞”所有格the rf f the huse, the cver f the bk, the name f the girl, a picture f my father
(3)雙重所有格a friend f my brther's(＝ne f my brther's friends), a picture f my father's(＝ne f my father's pictures)(4)－'s所有格的特殊表示形式有：①用于表示人的名詞或表集體、機構(gòu)的名詞后，如：Tm's hme, the dctr's, the cmpany's new factry等。②用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后，如：tday's newspaper, five minutes' walk(drive), five punds' weight, ten dllars' wrth f cffee。③用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后，如：the wrld's ppulatin, China's industry, New Yrk's parks。
(5)所有格的句法功能①表所有關(guān)系Jack's brther②表主謂關(guān)系Mr. Wang's praise③表動賓關(guān)系the famus star's admirers④表修飾關(guān)系a dctr's degree⑤表同位關(guān)系(只用f所有格)the city f Beijing
4．名詞的功能(1)可作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語Mary is t meet yu at the airprt.My brther is a wrker.He bught a new bk.We made him mnitr f ur class.(2)作定語英語中有些名詞沒有其對應的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用來作定語修飾另一個名詞。
①分類意義air pllutin空氣污染cffee cup咖啡杯bdy language身體語言rad accident交通事故the Nbel Prize諾貝爾獎②時間、地點、稱呼等Dctr Jack杰克醫(yī)生Prfessr Li李教授evening schl夜校winter sleep冬眠
③表目的、來源、材料、所屬意義receptin desk接待臺sprts field田徑場stne table石桌clr TV彩電(3)作狀語名詞作狀語多為表時間或距離等概念的名詞。The war lasted eight years.(4)作同位語Tm, ur mnitr, left schl last year.
?名詞與其他詞類的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化1．動詞變名詞的后綴①－al表示人，物，行為：(特殊：去e＋－al)apprve贊成→apprval贊成survive幸存→survival幸存arrive到達→arrival到達refuse拒絕→refusal拒絕prpse提議→prpsal提議；建議
②－ance/－ence表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或行為：appear出現(xiàn)→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perfrm表演→perfrmance表演exist存在→existence存在prefer較喜歡→preference偏愛refer參考；查閱→reference參考；查閱depend依靠→dependence依賴；依靠guide指引→guidance引導；指導
③－in/－tin/－atin表示狀態(tài)或行為；direct指揮；指導→directin方向；指導expect期待→expectatin期待；期望explain解釋→explanatin解釋invite邀請→invitatin邀請；請柬slve解決→slutin解決cmpete競爭→cmpetitin比賽；競爭prnunce發(fā)音→prnunciatin發(fā)音describe描述→descriptin描寫repeat重復→repetitin重復
④－s(s)in表示行為或狀態(tài)：discuss討論→discussin討論admit承認→admissin承認；準許加入cllide碰撞→cllisin碰撞(或相撞)事故tense拉緊；繃緊→tensin緊張decide決定→decisin決定⑤－ing具有……(特征)的：hear聽→hearing聽力；聽覺listen聽→listening聽；聽力begin開始→beginning開始部分
⑥－ment表示行為、結(jié)果等：(去e)argue爭論→argument爭論；論據(jù)⑦－ure/－ture表示行為或狀態(tài)：fail失敗→failure失敗press壓；擠→pressure壓力mix混合→mixture混合物expse暴露→expsure面臨；暴露⑧－y表示……的動作(或過程)：recver恢復→recvery恢復；痊愈discver發(fā)現(xiàn)→discvery發(fā)現(xiàn)
其他常見變化：chse選擇→chice選擇vary相異→variety多樣化；品種tend傾向→tendency趨向；趨勢grw生長→grwth生長marry結(jié)婚→marriage婚姻carry搬→carriage客車廂；運輸pack收拾(行李)→package包；盒pst郵寄→pstage郵資；郵費stre貯存→strage貯存
2．形容詞變名詞的后綴①－age集合：shrt短的→shrtage不足；短缺②－cy表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)：fluent流利→fluency流利；流暢accurate準確的→accuracy準確(性)private私有的→privacy隱私efficient效率高的→efficiency效率
③－dm表示地位、狀況等：free自由的→freedm自由wise明智的→wisdm智慧④－ness表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)：dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虛弱的→weakness虛弱kind友好的→kindness善良cld寒冷的→cldness冷淡；冷漠a(chǎn)ware知道的；意識到的→awareness知道；意識
⑤－th表示結(jié)果、過程、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)：warm溫暖的→warmth溫暖true真的→truth真相deep深的→depth深(度)strng強壯的→strength力量lng長的→length長度wide寬的→width寬度
⑥－y/－ity表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)：difficult困難的→difficulty困難hnest誠實的→hnesty誠實safe安全的→safety安全cruel殘忍的→cruelty殘忍respnsible負責的→respnsibility責任⑦ent變?yōu)閑nce，ant變?yōu)閍nce，nd變?yōu)閚se：different不同的→difference不同(之處)silent沉默的；不說話的→silence寂靜
patient有耐心的→patience耐心absent缺席的→absence缺席present出席的→presence出席cnfident自信的→cnfidence信心cnvenient方便的→cnvenience便利imprtant重要的→imprtance重要(性)respnd回應→respnse響應defend防御；保衛(wèi)→defense/defence防御；保護
2．部分名詞的復數(shù)錯誤如：familys, knifes，difficultys，pianes，hers，wman dctrs，tths，childrens，medias。3．部分詞性易混作名詞
4．可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞混淆
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．He had witnessed t many __________(die) and wunds at the Battle f Slferin in Italy fur years earlier, in which 40,000 peple were killed, wunded r missing.2．Apple's new machine, the Lisa, prved t be an expensive ___________(fail)．3．I ran int my neighbr, Dennis, yesterday afternn. He asked if I wanted tw tickets t the theater. He had several tickets but culdn't g t this _______________ (perfrm)．
perfrmance
4．Turism shuld als advance the wealth and _____________(happy) f lcal inhabitants.5．These peple have made great _________________(cntribute) t China with their wrk.6．They get advice frm “_____________(strange)”. When they need advice, they dn't usually g t peple they knw.
cntributins
7．My first ______________(impress) f him was that he was a kind and thughtful yung man.8．Thse wh suffer frm headache will find they get __________(relieve) frm this medicine.9．—Why d yu chse t wrk in an internatinal travel agency?—Well, yu knw, English is my ____________(strng). S it is my best chice.10．I made a ____________(decide) t lk at the flight mnitrs t see if there was an earlier flight t San Francisc.
Ⅱ.語法填空(名詞專練)Brn n August 23,1988 in America, Jeremy ShuHw Lin is a prfessinal basketball 1.__________(play) with the Hustn Rckets 2.______ the Natinal Basketball Assciatin(NBA). But, t sme degree, many Chinese fans and 3.___________(cach) take him as a Chinese guy r at least are willing t imagine him as 4._____ Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were brn in China.
Jeremy Lin has recently becme 5._____ success and attracted the wrld's attentin, which gives Chinese peple a lt f 6._______________(imagine) and 7._________ (prud). As we knw, in mst 8.____________(peple) eyes, Jeremy is a miracle.In June, 2012, when Jeremy tk his third trip t China, a large crwd came t meet him, amng whm there were varius fans including sme 9.____________(family), sme children and even sme 10._________(wman) players.
imaginatin