(通用版)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第4講 專題1定語(yǔ)從句 (含詳解)

這是一份(通用版)高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第4講 專題1定語(yǔ)從句 (含詳解)，共37頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了重 溫 真 題，who ，when ，where ，which ，考 點(diǎn) 精 析，?框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖，考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)，that ，whose 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1　　重 溫 真 題
2　　考 點(diǎn) 精 析
3　　考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)
考向1　關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷)They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring fr these animals.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人)，且從句缺主語(yǔ)。故關(guān)系詞填wh。
2．(2019·浙江卷)On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ______________gives ff light in the dark.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。這是個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是clth，指物，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
that/which
3．(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting mst frm cllege are thse _______ are ttally engaged(參與)in academic life.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。_________ are ttally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thse，空格處在句中作主語(yǔ)，代指人，故填wh。
4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ______________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that或which。
考向2　“介詞＋whm/which”或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2019·江蘇卷改編) We have entered int an age ________ dreams have the best chance f cming true. 解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。句中先行詞為an age(一個(gè)時(shí)代)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用when。
2．(2019·天津卷改編)Their child is at the stage _________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說(shuō)單個(gè)單詞而不能說(shuō)完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the stage，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。
考向3　關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷)Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 a．m. t 5 p．m. daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield，_________ she pened with her late husband Les.解析：考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shp，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作pened一詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用which。
2．(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)But Sarah, _______ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且指人，故用wh。3．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, _________ it remained until the carrt's leafy tp accidentally spruted(生長(zhǎng)) thrugh it.解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在的句子是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的先行詞the garden，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
4．(全國(guó)Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.解析：先行詞是表示時(shí)間的the mid－1980s，且從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞when。
5．(全國(guó)Ⅲ )Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, _______ lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C., influenced the develpment f chpsticks.解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填wh。6．(廣東)Of curse whenever they turned t lk at him, they had t lk at Mary, _________ made her feel like a star.解析：由逗號(hào)可知此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子所表述的內(nèi)容，故用which引導(dǎo)。
?定語(yǔ)從句的句法功能及相關(guān)定義1．功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)。2．位置：定語(yǔ)從句常置于被修飾詞之后；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Thse wh are fr the plan raise yur hands, please.As is knwn t us all, the earth is spinning arund the sun.
3．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：sme－，any－，every－，n－與－bdy，－thing的合成詞或all，nne，any，sme，that，thse等代詞。數(shù)詞和人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。4．關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞：wh，whm，which，that，whse，as等。關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why等。
?定語(yǔ)從句的核心考點(diǎn)1．確定關(guān)系詞的步驟：(1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。(1)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。This is the place which is wrth visiting.(2)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。There are many places we can visit in China.(visit后面不能再加many places/them)
2．在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞用that而不用which：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。(2)先行詞被all，every，n，sme，any，little，much，the nly，the very，the same，few等修飾時(shí)。(3)先行詞為all，much，little，nne，few，everything，anything，nthing等不定代詞時(shí)。(4)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。He was lking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
(5)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。The village is n lnger the ne that was 5 years ag.(6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Which are the bks that yu bught fr me?3．用which而不用that的情況：(1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(2)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)。(4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。
4．關(guān)系詞wh與that指人時(shí)，根據(jù)不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。(1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用wh。(2)先行詞是anyne, thse，smene，everyne，ne等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用wh。(3)當(dāng)主句是wh作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Wh is that girl that is standing by the windw?5．whm在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可被wh取代。6．whse作關(guān)系詞即指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。D yu knw Mr. Smith whse stry is very mving?There is a rm, whse windw faces the river.
7．關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。(1)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many(much)中，從句都用as引導(dǎo)。Such bks as yu bught are useful.注意：①引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如：They are such lvely children that we lve them much.②the 和the 都可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，前者表示“與……同樣的(但不是同一個(gè))”；后者表示“同一個(gè)，就是那個(gè)”如：This is the same pen as I lst last week.這同我上周丟失的那支鋼筆一樣。(但不是同一支)This is the same pen that I lst last week.這就是我上周丟的那支鋼筆。(同一支)
(2)先行詞為整個(gè)主語(yǔ)或主句的一部分，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用as或which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①位置上：as從句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which 引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。②意義上：as具有“正如，像”而which常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。He didn't pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lts f air in lse snw, which can keep the cld ut.As is knwn, the earth is rund.
8．關(guān)系副詞when，where，whywhen指時(shí)間＝in/at/n/during whichwhere指地點(diǎn)＝in/at/n whichwhy指原因＝fr which注意：that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when，where，why和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其修飾的先行詞常為the way, the time，the day, the place等，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。I dn't like the way(that/in which) he talks.The day(that/when/n which) she arrived was Thursday.
9．必須注意的問(wèn)題：(1)關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。(2)注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分；②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無(wú)意義，that/wh不是引導(dǎo)詞；③去掉it is/was和that/wh后，如果句子成分完整意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句)It was in the htel that we stayed last night.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
(3)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。①定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可省略；而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫作從屬連詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，但一般不可省。②定語(yǔ)從句修飾其前面名詞或代詞(先行詞)，說(shuō)明其先行詞性質(zhì)特征的；而同位語(yǔ)從句證明其前面名詞(大多為抽象名詞)的內(nèi)容。We expressed t them ur wish that was the same as theirs.(定語(yǔ)從句)Wrd came that their army was defeated.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
(4)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中省略的情況。①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)；②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。(5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞一般用which、whm和whse＋名詞引導(dǎo)從句。(6)幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：①He is the nly ne f the students wh has gt very gd marks in the match.(句中ne為先行詞)
He is ne f the students wh have gt gd marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞)②Is this place the ne(that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that/which) we visited yesterday?③He std at the windw, frm where he culd see what was happening.④It may rain, in which case the match will be put ff.
?書面表達(dá)中定語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦(一)定語(yǔ)從句意識(shí)缺失1．關(guān)系代詞被普通代詞取代(誤)I have many cllectins f stamps, sme f them are my favrite.(正)I have many cllectins f stamps, sme f which are my favrite.2．關(guān)系代詞遺漏(誤)The last ne leaves the classrm please clse the windws.(正)The last ne wh leaves the classrm please clse the windws.第一句從漢語(yǔ)意思角度是對(duì)的，但是漢語(yǔ)的干擾破壞了英語(yǔ)句式結(jié)構(gòu)。
(二)假冒偽劣的定語(yǔ)從句1．有從無(wú)主式(誤)my friend Jane, wh is very friendly t us classmates.(正)My friend Jane is very friendly t us classmates.(正)My friend Jane, wh is very friendly t us classmates, has a variety f hbbies.第一句虎頭蛇尾，屬于有從無(wú)主式的句子，即有從句但沒有主句。
2．畫蛇添足式(誤)As can be seen frm the picture, that a sad by stands between his angry parents.(誤)As can be seen frm the picture, a man wh is talking happily.(誤)I have many cllectins f stamps, and sme f which are my favrite.第一句中關(guān)系代詞as代替逗號(hào)后面的整個(gè)主句，因此主句是不需要連接詞的。所以應(yīng)去掉that。第二句中同樣as代替逗號(hào)后面的整個(gè)主句，主句中的wh是多余的。第三句中如果要滿足定語(yǔ)從句的話，顯然并列連詞and是多余的。
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Accrding t Dr. Lance Wrkman, these peple may develp a temprary mral cde in their minds ______________ justifies their actins: there are rich peple wh have things I dn't have s it's right that I take it.2．This is the very factry ________ they visited last summer hliday.3．When facing hardships, nly thse _______ are cnfident will achieve success.4．That evening, _________ I will tell yu mre abut later，I ended up wrking very late.5．I wish t thank Prfessr Smith, withut _________ help I wuld never have gt this far.
which/that
6．After the flding，peple were suffering in that area, _______ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter t survive.7．We live in an age ________ mre infrmatin is available with greater ease than ever befre.8．The next day, my brther and I went t the beach _________ we watched sme peple play vlleyball.9．He wrte many children's bks, nearly half f _________ were published in the 1990s.10．We'll reach the sales targets in a mnth ______________ we set at the beginning f the year.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空(定語(yǔ)從句專練)Yangshu, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn' t care. A few hurs befre, I'd been at hme in Hng Kng, 1._________ I breathed its chking smg. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I'd skipped nearby Guilin，2._________ is a dream place fr turists 3.__________ seek the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River 4.______________ are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings. Instead, I'd headed straight fr Yangshu. Fr thse 5._______ fly t Guilin, it's nly an hur away by car and ffers all the scenery f the better－knwn city.
Yangshu is really beautiful. A study f travelers 6.____________ was cnducted by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins 7.______________ are famus in the wrld. And the twn is fast becming a ppular weekend destinatin fr peple and their families 8.____________ are in Asia. Abercrmbie & Kent, 9._________ is a travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple 10._______ live in Shanghai and Hng Kng.