(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第1講 專題1動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) (含詳解)

這是一份(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第1講 專題1動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) (含詳解)，共60頁。PPT課件主要包含了重 溫 真 題，have made ，declared ，improved ，voiced ，had hoped ，is ，started ，meant ，comes 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1　　重 溫 真 題
2　　考 點(diǎn) 精 析
3　　考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)
考向1　動詞的時態(tài)單句語法填空1．(2019·全國I卷)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut ______________ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing. 解析：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境，尤其是時間狀語in recent years可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填have reprted。
have reprted
2. (2019·全國Ⅱ卷)I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _____________ (make) ver the years.解析：ver the years常與完成時連用，在此意為“(從過去某時到現(xiàn)在的)多年來”。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞lve的時態(tài)可知，定語從句的謂語動詞make應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成式。
3．(2019·全國II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，prud Irene ____________ (declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36－year－ld business. 解析：考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。
recmmended
4．(2019·全國III卷)Our hsts shared many f their experiences and _______________ (recmmend)wnderful places t eat，shp，and visit. 解析：考查一般過去時態(tài)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recmmended”是并列關(guān)系，時態(tài)一致。故填recmmended。
will have/has
5．(2019·浙江卷)When every pupil in the schl wears the unifrm, nbdy _________________ (have) t wrry abut fashin(時尚). 解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)每個學(xué)生在校穿校服時，沒有人會擔(dān)心時尚問題。本句是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時will d；根據(jù)語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，因此，本句亦可用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是nbdy，謂語用has。故填will have/has。
6．(2019·浙江卷)One study in America fund that students' grades ____________ (imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. 解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：美國的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在學(xué)校引入校服后，學(xué)生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，前后時態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填imprved。
7．(2019·北京卷)On the first day f my first grade，I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach. I __________ (vice)my biggest cncern t my mther. “Hw will I make friends？”解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：我向媽媽表達(dá)了我最大的擔(dān)憂，“我將如何交朋友？”此處的vice是動詞，“表達(dá)”的意思，作謂語。敘述的是一年級的事情，參照語境中的std可知，用一般過去式。故填viced。
suggests/suggested/has suggested
8. (2019·北京卷)Des the name f the cllege yu attend really matter？Research n the questin ____________________________________(suggest)that，fr mst students，it desn't.解析：考查時態(tài)。句意：對于這個問題的研究表明，對于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，它不重要。這里表示研究的客觀結(jié)果，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
9. (2019·天津卷)I _____________ (hpe)t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it.解析： 考查時態(tài)。句意：我本來計劃在Peter結(jié)婚時送他一個禮物的，可是我沒有做到。culdn't manage用的是一般過去時，它之前的動作用過去完成時，表示過去本打算做某事而沒有做成。
10．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make yu live frever, the review says it ______(be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。
11．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___________(start) a sil－testing prgram that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，由于時間是2005年，故用一般過去時。故填started。
12．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal _________(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder！”解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據(jù)總體時態(tài)可知要用一般過去時，所以用meant。
13．(2017·全國Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl _________(cme) first. I dn't want t get t absrbed in mdeling.”解析：此處為陳述客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。14．(2017·浙江)Pahlssn and her husband ____________(search) the kitchen，checking every crner, but turned up nthing.解析：該句中but后的turned up使用了過去式，search是與之并列的謂語動詞，故也應(yīng)使用過去式。
15．(四川高考)Hwever, it stayed with her and learned abut the ways f the frest. Then, after tw and a half years, the mther __________(drive) the yung panda away.解析：文章敘述了熊貓媽媽對孩子的照顧，用了一般過去時，空格處也需用一般過去時且為主動形式，故用drive的過去式drve。
16．(全國卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________(g) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cl ff during the night and are thus always a timely ffset(抵消) fr the utside temperatures.解析：此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去，由冒號后內(nèi)容的時態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
考向2　動詞的語態(tài)單句語法填空1．(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brthers, _____________(give)a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.解析：本題考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。由時間狀語last week可知應(yīng)用一般過去時；as well as連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則，即這句話真正的主語是Amy，故用單數(shù)；由句意可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
was shcked
2．(2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I _______________(shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處表示我被震驚了。shck的主語是I，兩者關(guān)系是被動，動作發(fā)生在過去。故填was shcked。
are remved
3．(2017·全國Ⅰ)When fat and salt _______________(remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.解析：根據(jù)語境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時，由于主語fat and salt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remve是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)are remved。
has been tld/was tld
4．(2017·全國Ⅲ)Sarah __________________________(tell) that she culd be Britain's new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year.解析：根據(jù)語境，薩拉應(yīng)該是“被告知”她能成為英國新的超模，可以用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。
was allwed
5．(全國Ⅰ)S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt－fr－prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research. I _______________(allw) t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.解析：根據(jù)語境及allw sb. t d sth.這一用法可知，此處要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)形式。
6．(全國Ⅲ)Truly elegant chpsticks might ___________(make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.解析：根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。此處為含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)might be dne。
7．(四川)The giant panda ____________(lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.解析：大熊貓為世界各地的人們所喜愛是個客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；panda此處表示單數(shù)概念，與lve之間是被動關(guān)系。故填is lved。
8．(廣東)He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby fr ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what ____________(leave)．解析：句意：他在附近的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)賣牛奶時用牛奶交換其他食品，剩下的東西為家人做奶酪和黃油。這里what was left是一個賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)。
?動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式
?謂語動詞的五種基本形式：1．動詞原形2．動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)3．動詞的過去式4．動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞5．動詞的過去分詞
?動詞時態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)1．一般現(xiàn)在時考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時態(tài)限制)。Time and tide wait fr n man.(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。Ice feels cld.These ranges taste gd.They always care fr each ther and help each ther.
(3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時，如see，hear，smell，taste，feel，ntice，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belng t, seem等。He likes his bike.All the students here belng t N. 1 Middle Schl.(4)在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。I'll write t her when I have time.
(5)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉(zhuǎn)移等的動詞如cme，g，leave, arrive, fly，return, start，begin，pen，clse，end，stp等常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時，表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時間或事先安排肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。The shp clses at 11∶00 p．m. every day.Tmrrw is Wednesday.
2．一般過去時考點(diǎn)分析(1)一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的具體時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事。We met her in the street yesterday.When he was yung, he tk cld baths regularly.I didn't expect t see yu studying at the library.
(2)如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時。He tld me he read an interesting nvel last night.(3)表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，由以下詞語連接，常用一般過去時。如：but, and, when, as sn as, immediately, the mment, the minute等。He bught a watch but lst it.The mment she came in, she tld me what had happened t her.
(4)常用一般過去時態(tài)的句型。Why didn't yu think f that?I didn't ntice it.I frgt t tell yu I had been there with my brther befre.I didn't recgnize him.
3．一般將來時考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)，常用 will/shall＋動詞原形，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tmrrw，next week等。We will have a meeting tmrrw.(2)表示趨向行為的動詞如cme，g，start，begin，leave等詞常用進(jìn)行時的形式表示將來時。The students are leaving n Sunday.
(3)一般將來時的其他表達(dá)方式be ging t d, be t d，be abut t d的用法及區(qū)別：①be ging t d在口語中常用來表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能發(fā)生某事，也可用來表示自然現(xiàn)象。The railway is ging t be pen n Octber 1st.②be t d表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is t be held at 3∶00 'clck this afternn.Yu're t be back befre five 'clck.
③be abut t d表示“即將，正要”，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。Autumn harvest is abut t start.注意：be ging t d表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備；shall/will d表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時做出的決定。be ging t d表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中；而will d則能，表意愿。If it is fine, we'll g fishing.[√]If it is fine, we are ging t g fishing.[×]
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時考點(diǎn)分析(1)表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是講話時正在進(jìn)行的動作；表示近期特定的安排或計劃；g，cme等表示位置移動的動詞可用進(jìn)行時代替將來時；與always, ften等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩。He is wrking n a paper.She is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tnight.We are leaving n Friday.The girl is always talking lud in public.
(2)下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like，lve，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。②表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belng t等。③表示行為結(jié)果的動詞：allw，accept，permit，prmise，admit，cmplete等。④表示感官的動詞：see，hear，ntice，feel，smell，sund，taste，lk等。
5．過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某個時刻或某個時間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He was reading an interesting bk this time yesterday.6．現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)分析(1)現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和fr，since引導(dǎo)的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during/in/ver the last (past) few years(mnths，weeks...)，in recent years, s far, up t nw等。
(2)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is (has been)＋一段時間＋since從句This(That/It) is the first (secnd...)time that＋主語＋現(xiàn)在完成時(3)在時間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替將來完成時。I shall pst the letter as sn as I have written it.If yu have dne the exper ment, yu will realize the thery better.Dn't get ff the bus until it has stpped.
7．過去完成時考點(diǎn)分析(1)常用過去完成時的幾種情況。①在by，by the end f，by the time, until, befre, since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cars.The train had left befre we reached the statin.②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hped/planned/meant/ intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式，即：hped/planned...＋t have dne。We had planned t finish the wrk befre dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
③“時間名詞＋befre”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞＋ag”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years befre.Xia Hua left schl three years ag.④在，n 句式中，主句常用過去完成時，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly，scarely，n sner置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。We had n sner been seated than the bus started.＝N sner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在befre或after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。After he (had) left the rm, the bss came in.We arrived hme befre it snwed.8．過去將來時考點(diǎn)分析過去將來時表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來預(yù)計以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句中，主句常是一般過去時。He always said that he wuld study hard at that time.
9．注意幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別(1)一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時：①時間上有差異：凡含有過去時間的，如ag，last year，just nw，the ther day等均用一般過去時，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時。②結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。(2)過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作(“連謂”)的形式則只用一般過去時即可。
?動詞被動語態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be＋過去分詞，口語中也用“get/becme＋過去分詞”表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)1．使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題(1)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r雙賓語的變化。My friend gave me an interesting bk n my birthday.An interesting bk was given t me (by my friend) n my birthday.I was given an interesting bk (by my friend) n my birthday.
(2)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r，賓語成主語；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加t(位置不變)。The bss made him wrk all day lng.He was made t wrk all day lng (by the bss)．(3)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken gd care f (by her)．Yur prnunciatin and spelling shuld be paid attentin t.(4)情態(tài)動詞，be ging t，be t，be sure t，have t等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e＋過去分詞”。We can repair this watch in tw days.This watch can be repaired in tw days.
2．不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last，hld，cntain，fit，cst等。(3)表示歸屬的動詞，如have，wn，belng t等。(4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動詞，如：wish，want，hpe，like，lve，hate等。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等，謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。
3．主動形式表被動意義(1)當(dāng)feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容詞時；當(dāng)cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作為不及物動詞表示主語內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時；當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時。The fish smells gd.This kind f clth washes easily.These nvels wn't sell well.My pen writes smthly.The dr wn't lck.
(2)當(dāng)happen, ccur, break ut, take place, shut ff，turn ff, wrk ut等動詞(短語)表示“發(fā)生，關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時。The plan wrked ut successfully.The lamps n the wall turned ff.(3)want，require，need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。(4)在“be＋形容詞＋t d”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind f water isn't fit t drink.The girl isn't easy t get alng with.注意：be t blame(受譴責(zé))，be t rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
4．被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況be seated坐著；be hidden躲藏；be lst迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿著5．被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動詞＋用作表語的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。The bk was sld by a certain bkstre. (被動語態(tài))The bk is well sld. (系表結(jié)構(gòu))
題組一　動詞時態(tài)集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1．Being t anxius t help an event develp ften ___________(result) in the cntrary t ur intentin.2．By the time yu have finished this bk, yur meal ____________(get) cld.3．I'll g t the library as sn as I finish what I ____________(d)．
4．Did yu predict that many students ______________(sign) up fr the dance cmpetitin?5．In rder t find the missing child, villagers ___________________(d) all they can ver the past five hurs.6．This is the first time we _____________(see) a film in the cinema tgether as a family.
have been ding
題組二　動詞被動語態(tài)集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1．If yu listen t rap music, yu will ntice hw the lyrics(歌詞) ______________ (speak) in the backgrund f the sngs.2．Such a thing has never ______________(hear) f befre.3．Dn't wrry. The hard wrk that yu d nw ________________(repay) later in life.4．Great changes ______________(take) place in ur schl since 2010.5．The prfessr was delighted t find that tw thirds f the prject ____________________(finish) by the students independently.
been heard
will be repaid
have taken
had been finished
題組三　綜合集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.語法填空(動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)專練)A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” wman 1.______________(seek) prfessinal help after being cnvicted f(證明有……罪) shplifting fr the secnd time in six mnths.Aha Luz, recently studying fr PhD 2._________________(tell) she wuld end up behind bars unless she can cntrl the desire t steal frm shps.Luz, wh 3._________(live) with her partner in Fitzwdliam Rad, Cambridge，4.____________(admit) stealing clthes wrth 9.95 punds frm Lewis in Oxfrd Street, Lndn, n March 9.
is seeking
has been tld
Philip Lmyne, prsecuting(起訴), said Luz 5.____________(select) sme clthes frm a display and 6.________(take) them t the ladies' tilet in the stre. When she came ut again she 7._______________(wear) ne f the skirts she 8.________________ (select), having taken ff the anti－theft security alarm.She 9._______________(stp) and caught after leaving the stre withut paying, Mr. Lmyne said. He added that she was upset n her arrest and 10.______________ (aplgize) fr her actins.
was wearing
had selected
was stpped
Ⅱ.增分寫作訓(xùn)練閱卷老師說：“在寫作中，主動不如被動好”，即被動句比主動句表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確更生動。請利用被動語態(tài)升級以下句式。1．We will exhibit all the wrks in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.All the wrks will be exhibited in the display hall n the third flr f the Art Center.
2．We expect yu t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.Yu are expected t arrive at the main gate befre 9 'clck.3．We select the utstanding exhibits frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.The utstanding exhibits are selected frm 200 pieces f wrks handed in by the teachers and students.