(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第1講 專題3情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 (含詳解)

這是一份(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第1講 專題3情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 (含詳解)，共40頁。PPT課件主要包含了重 溫 真 題，must ，考 點(diǎn) 精 析，?框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖，考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)，may ，shall ，should ，had told ，had 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1　　重 溫 真 題
2　　考 點(diǎn) 精 析
3　　考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)
單句語法填空(新課標(biāo)全國樣卷)Mum：Are they there? Oh, my gdness. I ________ have put them in there when the phne rang.解析：動詞原形前常跟情態(tài)動詞或助動詞。根據(jù)句意，是對過去發(fā)生的動作的最有把握的猜測，故肯定句中用must have dne形式。
Her mther can speak French.The wunded man was still able t get t the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)can/culd表示猜測“可能”，一般用于疑問句和否定句，culd比can的可能性小，也可用于肯定句?！狢an the news be true?—It can't be true.Smene is kncking at the dr. Wh culd it be?
(3)can可以表示理論上的可能性，指常有的行為或情形，意為“有時會……”。Anybdy can make mistakes.(4)表示請求、允許(表請求時，口語中常用culd代替can使語氣更委婉，回答時用can)。Can I g nw? Culd I cme t see yu tmrrw?Yes, yu can.(否定答語可用N，I'm afraid nt.)
(5)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)。Hw can that be true? I can't believe my eyes and ears.Hw culd yu be s careless?(6)can的特殊用法。can but只好；can't but不得不；can'。再……也不為過，越……越好I can but wait.I can't but wait.Yu can't be t patient t the custmers.
2．may和might的用法(1)表示允許、請求，might比may的語氣更委婉一些?！狹ay I watch TV nw?—Yes, yu may. (Yes, please.)—N，yu mustn't. (N，yu'd better nt.)(2)表示可能性時，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can/culd小(主要用于肯定或否定句，疑問句用can/culd代替)。
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)May yu succeed!(4)may/might as well最好還是……，不妨Yu might as well d it nw.(5)may/might well很可能He may well be late fr class.
3．must，have t和ught t的用法(1)must①表示“必須，應(yīng)該，一定要”。強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時形式，否定式是must nt(mustn’t)表“禁示，不允許”。must開頭的問句，其否定回答要用needn't或dn’t have t來表達(dá)。We must d it nw.—Must I hand in the paper rday?—Yes，yu must.—N，yu needn't/dn't have t.
②表推測“一定”，用于肯定句。比may的語氣強(qiáng)。It must be true。③表示必然的結(jié)果。All men must die.④還可表示主語固執(zhí)、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It can't help；he must d that.(2)have t著重客觀需要，能用于更多時態(tài)(過去時或?qū)頃r)。He will have t be there befre ten.(3)ught t表示義務(wù)和責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該”，比shuld語氣要強(qiáng)。Yu ught t take care f yurself.
4．need和dare的用法(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑問句。在肯定句中，常用must和have t代替。Yu dn't need t d it at nce.—Need I cme?—Yes, yu must.(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。I daren't ask her fr a rise.Dare yu g hme alne at eleven in the evening?If yu dare speak t me like that again，yu'll be srry.
(3)need和dare的特殊用法①need表“需要”時，可用want，require代替。The desk needs repairing/t be repaired.＝The desk wants/requires repairing/t be repaired.②dare作實(shí)義動詞時，在肯定句中要接t，在疑問句和否定句中t可省去。He dares t catch a snake.I d nt dare (t) cmplain.D yu dare (t) swim in the river?
5．will和wuld的用法(1)will①表示請求、建議，常用于第二人稱。Will yu please g with me?②表示意愿、決定、允許。I will never d that again.③表示習(xí)慣性動作或某種傾向，意為“總是，慣于”，通常用于第三人稱。Rsa will always be late fr schl.
(2)wuld①表示請求、建議，比will委婉，指現(xiàn)在時間，多用于第二人稱。Wuld yu like a cup f tea?②表示過去習(xí)慣性動作或某種傾向。We wuld play badmintn n Sundays.
6．shall和shuld的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人稱，在問句中表示征求對方意見或請求。Shall I cme in?When shall he be able t leave the hspital?用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示命令、允諾或威脅等。Yu shall d as yur father says.He shall have the bk when I finish reading.He shall be punished.
(2) shuld①表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”。Yu shuld listen t yur dctr's advice.②表示驚訝語氣，意為“竟然”。Yu shuld wear slippers in class.③用于條件句，表示“假如，萬一”；省去if，shuld可提至句首。Shuld yu be late, aplgize t the teacher.
7．情態(tài)動詞表示推測或判斷的用法
情態(tài)動詞＋have dne的用法：(1)shuld have dne表示“過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而shuldn't have dne則表示“過去本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Yu shuld have tld me abut it earlier.Yu shuldn't have said such wrds t yur parents.(2)ught t have dne表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”，而ught nt t have dne則意為“過去本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Yu ught t have tld me abut it earlier.Yu ught nt t have said such wrds t yur parents.
(3)needn't have dne表示“過去本無必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。Yu needn't have walked s quickly since time was enugh.(4)culd have dne表示“過去本來有可能做某事而事實(shí)上未做到”。I culd have cme n time，but my car brke dwn n the way.(5)may/might have dne表示“過去可能發(fā)生過某事”或“本來應(yīng)該/可以做某事(實(shí)際上沒做)”。Yu might have given him mre help, but yu were s busy.
?虛擬語氣1．if條件句中的虛擬語氣
①If I had enugh mney，I wuld buy myself a cmputer first f all.如果我有足夠的錢，我首先要為自己買一臺電腦。②If yu had cme earlier，yu culdn't/wuldn't have missed the bus.如果你早點(diǎn)兒來，就不會錯過那班公共汽車了。③If I saw/shuld see/were t see him tmrrw，I wuld invite him hme.如果明天見到他，我會邀請他到我家。
[提示]　(1)if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中如果出現(xiàn)shuld，were或had，可以把if省略，把shuld，were或had提到句首，其他語序不變。(2)當(dāng)if條件句中主、從句表示的動作或行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，這時動詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)動詞所指的時間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。(3)有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件句表現(xiàn)出來，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通過withut，r，therwise，but fr等詞或短語來表示。
2．shuld＋d...結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語氣一些表示命令、要求、請求、建議的動詞，后面接賓語從句時，從句謂語要用“shuld＋動詞原形”，shuld可以省略，但不能換成其他的情態(tài)動詞，常見的這類動詞有：rder, cmmand, require, request, demand，advise，suggest(建議)，prpse，recmmend，insist(堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求)等；以上這些動詞以及其所對應(yīng)的名詞在涉及主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，從句謂語也要用“shuld＋動詞原形”來表示，同樣，shuld可以省略，但不能換成其他的情態(tài)動詞。Yur suggestin that the dr(shuld)be shut when we leave is reasnable.你的那個當(dāng)我們離開的時候應(yīng)該關(guān)上門的建議是合理的。
3．wish后面接賓語從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時，謂語用過去式(be的過去式用were)；與過去事實(shí)相反時，謂語用過去完成時；與將來事實(shí)相反時，謂語用“culd/wuld/might＋動詞原形”。I wish(that)I were a bird and culd fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鳥，能在天空自由飛翔。4．wuld rather“寧愿……”后接賓語從句時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，即與現(xiàn)在和將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時(be的過去式用were)；與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。
5．It is(high/abut)time(that)...意為“是……的時候了”，that在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語的形式有兩種：一種是用一般過去式；另一種是用“shuld＋動詞原形”，需要注意的是，這里的shuld不能省略。It's high time that we shuld get/gt dwn t wrking.該我們著手工作的時候了。
6．if nly從句中的虛擬語氣if nly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish后接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。7．a(chǎn)s if, as thugh引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)與wish后接賓語從句中的虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。It seems as thugh it were spring already.看起來好像已經(jīng)是春天了一樣。(事實(shí)上不是)
?寫作中情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣易錯點(diǎn)聚焦1．表達(dá)的單調(diào)性例如在寫一封回信向好友表達(dá)建議時，重復(fù)使用Yu shuld...既顯得單調(diào)，同時強(qiáng)硬的語氣影響了交際效果。我們可以靈活多樣地表達(dá)建議，如Yu'd might as nt...？等。
題組一　情態(tài)動詞集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1．I dn't knw where she is, she _______ be in Wuhan.2．The rad is wet. It ________ have rained last night.3．Yu _________ be punished if yu cheat in the exam.4．Dn't wrry. I've just sent an ambulance t yu. They __________ be there any secnd.5．I __________ have gne t the schl library, but it rained heavily, s I did nt.
題組二　虛擬語氣集訓(xùn)1．He walked in as if he ______________(buy) the schl. And the wrd quickly gt arund that he was frm New Yrk City.2．If yu ____________(tell) me the news yesterday, I wuldn't be s wrried nw.3．Srry, I am t busy nw. If I _______(have) time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
4．He was very busy yesterday; therwise he ___________________(cme) t the party.5．It's time that ur gvernment ________(take) measures t imprve the quality f the buildings.6．Mr. Li insisted that the sprts meeting ___________________(put) ff because f the bad weather.
wuld have cme
(shuld) be put
題組三　情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣專練Lucy is an utging lady. She 1._______ play many kinds f musical instruments. Actually, she 2._________ play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has t d sme sprts because she 3.________ keep slim. “Yu 4._________ get fat sn if yu dn't take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.As fr her, an elegant lady shuld try t keep fit. Hwever, last week, she fund that she 5._________ put n weight and her husband suggested that she 6.__________ lse weight. And these days she'd rather that she 7.________(take) mre exercise every day. Hwever, she is always lacking in time because she has t take care f her children.
One night after supper, she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park and she was late. On her way, she thught that the dancing must 8.______________ (begin), and the cach 9._________ have taught r shwn many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might 10._____________(leave) befre she gt there. She was regretful then.She 11.__________ have had supper earlier, r she culd have taken a taxi, and indeed she needn't 12.______________(take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she fund nbdy was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
have begun
have taken