(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第4講 專題2名詞性從句 (含詳解)

這是一份(通用版)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 第4講 專題2名詞性從句 (含詳解)，共37頁。PPT課件主要包含了重 溫 真 題，who ，how ，why ，what ，that ，考 點(diǎn) 精 析，?框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖，考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)，How 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1　　重 溫 真 題
2　　考 點(diǎn) 精 析
3　　考 點(diǎn) 集 訓(xùn)
考向1　賓語從句中的連接詞單句語法填空1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I'm nt sure _______ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. 解析：考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定誰更害怕，我還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示“誰”，故用wh。
2．(全國Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly _______ thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)賓語從句。根據(jù)形容詞thick及結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墻的確切厚度?？崭窈鬄樾稳菰~，因此空格上應(yīng)用副詞，故填hw。
3．(廣東)We were tld that ur rms hadn't been reserved fr that week, but fr the week after. I didn't understand _______ this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin.解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為賓語從句。由語境可知，此處意為：我不明白為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。故填why。4．(廣東)The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds and all the ther students wndered ________ the by wuld d.解析：所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，同時(shí)在從句中作d的賓語，故填what。
考向2　表語從句中的連接詞單句語法填空　(2020·河南中原名校聯(lián)考)Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is ________ we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple can nt prepare fr it.解析：設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。
考向3　主語從句和同位語從句中的連接詞單句語法填空1．(2019·全國卷I)While they are rare nrth f 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way acrss the Arctic，and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. 解析：考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。
2．(2019·江蘇卷)Scientists have btained mre evidence ________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.解析：考查同位語從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進(jìn)入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
?名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)中的連接詞名詞性從句中的連接詞有從屬連詞that/whether/if等，連接代詞what/wh/whm/ which/whse/whatever/whever/whmever/whichever等，連接副詞where/when/why/hw等。1．that的用法(1)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。That they are gd at English is knwn t us all.The prblem is that we dn't have enugh mney.The reprt that there will be a severe strm in the nrthern area is false.
(2)一般情況下，賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略：①當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語時(shí)；②有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；③介詞except, but，besides, in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)；④當(dāng)when，wh，what，where，why，hw等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的并列賓語時(shí)。He judged that, because he was a child, he did nt understand wine.The reasn lies in that she wrks harder than the thers d.Everyne knew what happened and that she was wrried.
(3)that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成子，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先詞行＋關(guān)系代詞”，即常說的“先行詞＋that/which/wh”。It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will d what I can(d) t help him.
(4)同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語、主語或表語，與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)該用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說明名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news，fact，suggestin, truth，plan, belief，dubt，pssibility，idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。They expressed the hpe that they wuld cme t visit China again.(同位語從句)The hpe that they expressed is that they wuld cme t visit China again.(定語從句)
2．whether和if的用法：(1)whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。It all depeneds n whether they will cme back.(2)后面直接跟r nt時(shí)用whether。I didn't knw whether r nt he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主語從句(it作形式主語時(shí)可用if)表語從句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put ff has nt been decided yet.The questin is whether they have s much mney.
(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if則不能。We ught t discuss carefully the questin whether we can d it r nt.(5)whether常與r連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，但if不能。The questin f whether they are male r female is nt imprtant.I have nt decided whether t g r nt.(6)賓語從句位于句首時(shí)或者賓語從句提前時(shí)用whether不用if。Thank yu, but whether I'll be free I'm nt sure at the mment.(7)whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”“無論”，而if不能。Whether he cmes r nt, we will begin ur party n time.
3．“疑問詞＋－ever”和“n matter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)別：(1)“疑問詞＋－ever”可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。Whever breaks the rule must be punished.Yu can chse whatever yu like in the shp.(2)“疑問句＋－ever”還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whever breaks the rule, he must be punished.Whatever yu d, yu must d it well.
(3)“n matter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。N matter what yu d, yu must put yur heart int it.N matter wh cmes late, he must be punished.4．when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：When和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，否則為同位語從句。This is the place where the accident happened.(定語從句)They put frward the questin where they culd get the mney.(同位語從句)
?主語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1．主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語，大多數(shù)主語從句都可以用it作形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。2．that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語，that不可??；what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“……的東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語；whatever，whever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。That she will succeed is certain.→It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is mre experience.
常見的it替代that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：(1)It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrng，imprtant，certain，clear，bvius，strange，nrmal，natural等)＋that從句It is certain that mst f the farmers have brught in mre mney by all means.(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity，a shame, gd news，a fact, an hnur，a wnder，n wnder等)＋that從句It's n wnder that yu've achieved s much success.
(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said，tld，heard，reprted，decided, suggested，advised，rdered，remembered，thught，cnsidered，well－knwn，annunced，requested，required，insisted等)＋that從句It is said that the prfessr has already succeeded in carrying ut the experiment.(4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem，appear, happen，matter)＋that從句It happened t me that I had been away when he called.注意：(1)在“It is necessary/imprtant/strange/natural...＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語常用“(shuld＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/rdered/requested/insisted/required...＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語應(yīng)用“(shuld＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。
?賓語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1．動(dòng)詞的賓語從句(1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hpe，tell，say等)可以帶賓語從句。We all expect that they will win, fr members f their team are strnger.I dn't think yu are right.I dn't suppse he cares, des he?(2)動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, cnsier，make，believe等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則常用it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.
(3)有些動(dòng)詞(短語)帶賓語從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語從句前加it。這類動(dòng)詞(短語)有hate，enjy，like，lve，dislike，see t等。I hate it when they talk with their muths full.2．一般情況下介詞后只能用wh－類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。We are talking abut whether we admit students int ur club.注意：(1)where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也用作介詞的賓語。We culd see the temple quite clearly frm where we lived.
(2)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。Yur cmpsitin is quite gd except that the rganizatin is a bit lse.(3)sure，certain, glad，pleased, happy, surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語從句。I'm sure that they will make it in spite f the terrible weather.
?表語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1．主句的主語是idea，advice，suggestin，rder，request，requirement等名詞時(shí)，表語從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即“(shuld＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。His suggestin is that we (shuld) change ur curse.2．主語為名詞reasn時(shí)，表示從句中的連接詞中要用that，而不用why或because。The reasn fr such a serius accident is that the driver was t careless and drank t much.3．because, as if, as thugh, as, like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。He has lung disease. That is because he has been smking t much.
?同位語從句的核心考點(diǎn)同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容的從句。1．能接同位語從句的名詞有：belief，fact，hpe，idea，dubt，news，cnclusin，suggestin，prblem，rder，answer，decisin，explanatin，infrmatin，thught等。2．同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用連接代詞(what，which，wh)、連接副詞(when，where，why，hw)或從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。3．有時(shí)同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的某個(gè)名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。The stry ges that Wiliam Tell did kill the king with that swrd.
?寫作中名詞性從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1．語序問題(誤)These pictures shw yu what des ur village lk like.(正)These pictures shw yu what ur village lks like.賓語從句的語序應(yīng)用陳述語序，而不是特殊疑問句的語序。(誤)D yu think which f these is the mst useful inventin?(正)Which f these d yu think is the mst useful inventin?在疑問句中，賓語從句的連接詞應(yīng)擔(dān)當(dāng)特殊疑問詞的角色位于句首。
2．what和that的運(yùn)用(誤)America was that was first called “India” by Clumbus.(正)America was what was first called “India” by Clumbus.在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既不作任何句子成分，也沒有意義；而連接代詞what則相反，它既充當(dāng)從句的主干成分也有其自身的意義。另外，我們可以把what解釋為：the＋名詞＋that/which。
3．whether和if的運(yùn)用(誤)If we'll hld the party has nt been decided yet.(正)Whether we'll hld the party has nt been decided yet.whether適用于任何情況；if(作“是否”講)僅限于動(dòng)詞賓語從句中，但discuss，decide等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句除外。
4．連接詞的使用易受漢語干擾(誤)The reasn why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正)The reasn why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.第一句通過提取簡化可得出：The reasn is because...在英語中顯然造成了重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．_______ we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.2．A ship in harbr is safe，but that's nt ________ ships are built fr.3．The exhibitin tells us _______ we shuld d smething t stp air pllutin.4．The cmpanies are wrking tgether t create ________ they hpe will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century.5．It desn't matter ___________ yu turn right r left at the crssing—bth rads lead t the park.6．As many as five curses are prvided, and yu are free t chse _____________ suits yu best.
7．Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt ________ he culd have expressed it differently.8．The ntice came arund tw in the afternn ________ the meeting wuld be pstpned.9．A farmer nce rganized a cmpetitin between his dg and his rabbit. He dug a hle in ne f his biggest fields，and hid a carrt and a bne in it. He wanted t see _________ animal wuld find them first.10．It can be really upset trying t ask fr smething in a stre r t tell the taxi driver _________ yu are ging.
Ⅱ.語法填空(名詞性從句專練)1.________ wrries my classmate Mary a lt these days is 2.________ she puts n t much weight and she is frequently ill. She has sme dubts 3.___________ she eats t much fast fd high in fat r sugar. Als, with the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching, she becmes mre stressful and she can't sleep well these days. Maybe this is 4._______ she becmes fatter these days, she thinks. 5._______ she becmes slimmer and healthier has been her main task. S she wants t cnsult sme experts and gain sme instructins. But where she culd get better suggestins and 6._______ will give her better advice als puzzle her.
It is her parents' suggestin 7.________ she shuld cnsult Prfessr Wang in Zhngshan Hspital. Prfessr Wang suggests 8.________ she keep a balanced diet first. She shuld eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber, vitamin and prtein. What's mre, if she wants t lse weight，she had better take regular exercise mre than half an hur a day. Mary asked Prfessr Wang 9.________ she shuld take exercise. Prfessr Wang advised her t take exercise at 5 ' clck in the afternn. That is 10.___________ she will have mre time t d sprts. It is with the help f Prfessr Wang that Mary has becme much healthier nw.