2026甘肅職教高考英語總復習課件 第一十一章 主謂一致

電子教案《職教高考 英語 總復習》2第十一章　主 謂 一 致第一部分　基 礎 知 識續(xù)表主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。從語法角度來看，主謂一致一般要遵循三條原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則?！局R點一】　語法一致原則主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：The book is on the table. 那本書在桌子上。The books are on the table. 那些書在桌子上?！局R點二】　意義一致原則主、謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復數(shù)，謂語動詞應采用復數(shù)形式；主語形式雖為復數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應采用單數(shù)形式。1. 謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況(1)由and 連接的并列成分指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后的名詞前沒有冠詞。如：The worker and writer is from Gansu. 那個工人兼作家來自甘肅。The worker and the writer are from Gansu. 那位工人和那位作家來自甘肅。(2)every...and (every)...、 each...and (each)...、 no...and (no)...、 many a…and (many a)...等連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 每張桌子和椅子都是木頭做的。Many a student has been to Lanzhou. 許多學生到過蘭州。Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每個男人和女人都被請來幫忙。(3)“one/each/either＋of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Each of the students has a book. 每個學生都有一本書。(4)clothing、 furniture、 traffic 等無生命的集合名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Clothing is badly needed in that area. 那個地區(qū)急需衣物。(5)以－s結(jié)尾，但表示學科、國家、機構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱的詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Maths is one of her favorite subjects. 數(shù)學是她最喜歡的課程之一。(6)表示時間、距離、金錢等復數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)二十年了。One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英鎊是很大一筆錢。(7)由any－、 some－、 no－和－one、 －thing、 －body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Is everyone here today? 大家都到齊了嗎？(8)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. (動詞不定式短語作主語)開始吸煙很容易，但是要戒煙卻需要勇氣。Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. (動名詞短語作主語)閱讀英文報紙是提高你英語水平的好方法。How you can get there in time is a problem. (主語從句作主語)你怎么及時到那兒去是個問題。(9)單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。2. 謂語動詞為復數(shù)的情況(1)由and 連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都已賣完了。(2)people、 police、 cattle 等有生命的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在尋找失蹤的孩子。A lot of people are dancing outside. 許多人在外面跳舞。(3)“the＋姓的復數(shù)”表示“某某一家人”，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：The Greens go to the park every Sunday. 格林一家每周日都去公園。(4)“a number of/quantities of/a group of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：A number of students are reading books in the classroom.一些學生正在教室里讀書?！咀⒁狻?“the number of＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The number of cars is increasing here. 這兒的小汽車數(shù)量持續(xù)增長。3. 謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)視情況而定(1)class、 family、 army、 team、 enemy、 party、 public等集體名詞作主語，強調(diào)整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，指各個成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：His family is a great one. 他有個大家庭。His family are watching TV now. 他的家人正在看電視。(2)all、 none、 some、 any等不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。如：All are present. 所有人都在場。All the food tastes good. 這些食物嘗起來都很好。(3)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/lots/plenty/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語時， 謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。如：Half of the students have finished their compositions. 一半學生完成了作文。Half of the apple is bad. 這蘋果一半都壞了。I have read a large part of the book. The rest is more difficult.我已經(jīng)把這本書的大部分讀完了，剩余部分更難讀。Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.這個國家三分之二的地方氣候干旱或者是沙漠地區(qū)。More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我們地球超過70%的表面被水所覆蓋。(4)主語由“the＋形容詞(分詞)”擔任時，往往根據(jù)“意義一致原則”來決定謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式。表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；指個人或抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The old are taken good care of in our country. 在我們國家老人受到很好的照顧。The sick is one of the students in our class. 那位病人是我們班的一個學生?！局R點三】　就近原則當有兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與最靠近它的主語的數(shù)保持一致。(1)由or、 either...or...、 neither...nor...、 not only...but also... 等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常和靠近的名詞保持一致。如：Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper.不是你就是莉莉在晚飯后打掃衛(wèi)生。Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母親在那里，而且孩子們也在那里?！咀⒁狻?“with/along with/together with/but/except/like/as well as/besides＋名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞和前面的名詞在單復數(shù)上保持一致。如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英語老師和幾個學生已經(jīng)爬到了山頂。No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的親密朋友，誰也不知道這件事。The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 老師和許多學生在教室里。She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 她像你和湯姆那樣很高。He as well as I is responsible for it. 不只是我，他對這件事也有責任。(2)在由there或here引起的句子及倒裝句中，謂語動詞常和靠近的名詞保持一致。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk.桌子上有兩本書、一些紙和一支鋼筆。Here is a letter and some books for you. 這兒有你的一封信和幾本書?！纠?】　(2024年甘肅省分類考試)Nice to meet you. Here ________ my name card.(　　) A. is B. am C. are D. be例1例3【解析】　這是一個由here引起的倒裝句，謂語動詞的數(shù)和后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，my name card是單數(shù)，應用is。故選A。A例2例4例5【例2】　(2024年甘肅省分類考試)It ________ fine yesterday and there ________ many children in the park.(　　) A. was; was B. is; are C. was; were D. is; were例1例3例2例4例5【解析】　yesterday提示句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，排除B、D兩項。由there引起的句子中謂語動詞的數(shù)和最鄰近的主語的數(shù)一致，many children是復數(shù)，應用were。故選C。C 【例3】　(2022年甘肅省分類考試)—________ Mary here last night?—No, she ________.(　　) A. Is; isn't B. Was; isn't C. Was; wasn't D. Did; didn't【解析】　由時間狀語last night判定時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語Mary 為第三人稱單數(shù)，be動詞應用was；答句中be動詞應與問句中保持一致。故選C。C例1例3例2例4例5【例4】　(2021年甘肅省分類考試) ________ a man and his pets at the southeast corner of Goldfish Park every day after supper.(　　) A. There isn't B. There is C. There are D. There aren't【解析】　There be句型中主語不止一個詞時，謂語通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。根據(jù)“就近一致”的原則排除C和D；根據(jù)句義可知，表達肯定含義。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5【例5】　(2020年甘肅省分類考試)Ten hours ________ very long to do homework to the students.(　　) A. are B. is C. were D. have【解析】　主語ten hours是時間的復數(shù)名詞表示整體的量，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5(　　)1. The news ________ by his good friend just now.A. is told B. are told C. was told D. were told1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 主語the news是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。just now提示句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。故選C。C(　　)2. Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven't been back.A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 not only...but also...連接兩個并列主語，其謂語動詞同相鄰的主語保持一致；根據(jù)第二句“They haven't been back”可知，他們都還沒有回來，所以用has gone，而不用has been。故選D。D(　　)3. The old ________ good care of in the Elderly Care Center.A. is taken B. are taken C. took D. take【解析】 主語由“the＋形容詞(分詞)”擔任時，往往根據(jù)“意義一致原則”來決定謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式。表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；指個人或抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。the old表示一類人，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)4. Either you or I ________ going to the teachers, office after class.A. is B. am C. are D. will【解析】 句義：“要么你，要么我，下課之后去老師辦公室?！眅ither...or...連接兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”。I對應的be動詞是am。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)5. There ________ a lot of rubbish in the park, so many volunteers wanted to clean ________ up.A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them【解析】 there be句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后鄰近的主語，a lot of rubbish為不可數(shù)名詞，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，且代詞也應用單數(shù)，再由wanted可知，此句為一般過去時。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)6. The community together with volunteers ________ a donation event now.A. plan B. is planning C. are planning D. planned【解析】 根據(jù)now可排除D項。當“together with、 but、 rather than、 including等＋名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由前面的主語決定。此句的主語是the community，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)7. A number of people ________ waiting online to grab the concert tickets last night.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】 “the number of＋復數(shù)名詞”意為“……的數(shù)量”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“a number of＋復數(shù)名詞”意為“許多的……”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。last night表示句子時態(tài)用一般過去時。故選D。D1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)8. Both rice and wheat ________ grown in our country.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】 both...and...連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。故選B。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)9. Ten thousand dollars ________ quite a large sum. A. is B. are C. were D. have【解析】 表示金錢的復數(shù)名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)10. The pair of shoes ________ too small for me. I need a bigger pair.A. are B. is C. were D. was【解析】 pair 表示“一雙，一對”的整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；根據(jù)語境可知，表述的是一般現(xiàn)在的情況，謂語動詞用is。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)11. About two thirds of the project ________done yesterday.A. had B. was C. were D. have【解析】 句義：“昨天大約完成了這個項目的三分之二。”主語含有分數(shù)、百分數(shù)等，謂語動詞要根據(jù)其后面的名詞而定。不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；復數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)12. Everyone except Lucy and Lily ________ there when the teacher came into their classroom.A. was B. is C. are D. were【解析】 “except＋名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語置于主語后，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致。everyone表單數(shù)，句中是一般過去時。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)13. The Smiths ________ sending e-mails ________ letters. Because it is faster.A. prefer; to writing B. prefer; to writeC. prefers; to writing D. prefers; to write【解析】 姓氏名詞用復數(shù)且前面加上定冠詞時，表示一家人或一對夫婦。作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)。短語prefer...to...中的to是一個介詞。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)14. Her family ________ quite large, and her family ________ pop music very much.A. are; love B. are; loves C. is; love D. is; loves【解析】 句義：“她家是個大家庭。她的家人都很喜歡流行音樂?！眆amily是集體名詞，在句中作主語時，當強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；強調(diào)家庭成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。故選C。C1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)15. On the wall ________ two beautiful pictures.A. hang B. hangs C. is hanging D. hanged【解析】 這是一個完全倒裝句，正常語序為“Two beautiful pictures hang on the wall.”，主語是復數(shù)，謂語動詞用原形。hanged意為“絞死”，不符合句義。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)16. Seventy-five percent of the earth's surface ________ with water.A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered【解析】 “百分數(shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)由名詞決定，且主謂之間為被動關系。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)17. A knife and a fork ________ on the table. A knife and fork ________ on the table.A. is; has B. is; have C. are; is D. is; are【解析】 第一句的主語為兩個物體，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；第二句主語為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選C。C 1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)18. —How much ________the shoes?—Five dollars________ enough.A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are【解析】 shoes作主語時，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式；five dollars是一個整體，應看作單數(shù)。故選B。B1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)19. Writing stories and articles ________ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】 句義：“寫故事和文章是我最喜歡的事情?！狈侵^語動詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選A。A1234567891011121314151617181920(　　)20. Tom as well as two of his classmates ________ invited to the party.A. was B. were C. had been D. have beenA【解析】 句義：“湯姆和他的兩個同學被邀請參加聚會?！盿s well as 連接兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞和前面的主語保持一致。故選A。1234567891011121314151617181920Thanks！