2026甘肅職教高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第八章 動(dòng)詞課件

電子教案《職教高考 英語 總復(fù)習(xí)》2第八章　動(dòng)　　詞第一部分　基 礎(chǔ) 知 識(shí)續(xù)表續(xù)表續(xù)表續(xù)表【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】　動(dòng)詞的定義表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫作動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞在句子中多作謂語，說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，是句子不可缺少的成分。動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)二】　動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞按照含義及它們在句中的作用可分成四類，即行為動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如表1-8-1。表1-8-1　動(dòng)詞的分類續(xù)表續(xù)表1. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(行為動(dòng)詞)行為動(dòng)詞是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語，表示主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和品質(zhì)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主要包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞。行為動(dòng)詞按其是否需要賓語可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。①及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語，這樣意思才完整，其可有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。及物動(dòng)詞可分為跟單賓語的及物動(dòng)詞、跟雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞和跟復(fù)合賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。如：Give me a cup of coffee, please. 請給我一杯咖啡。If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.如果有問題，你們可以舉手。You can borrow one book at a time from the library. 在圖書館你一次只能借閱一本書。(單賓語)I returned him the storybook. 我已經(jīng)把故事書還給他了。(雙賓語)We all believe him honest and kind. 我們都認(rèn)為他很誠實(shí)、善良。(復(fù)合賓語)Mother often tells me to make friends carefully. 媽媽經(jīng)常告誡我交朋友要小心。(復(fù)合賓語)②不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能跟賓語，其意思也完整，但不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中。不及物動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以加上副詞或介詞構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。常見的純不及物動(dòng)詞有：go去 sit坐 lie躺 run跑walk走 die死 stay停留 rise升高；站起來fall落下 flow流動(dòng) stand站立 come來appear出現(xiàn) arrive 到達(dá) happen發(fā)生The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。They go to school on foot every day. 他們每天步行上學(xué)。He works hard. 他工作很努力。Please look at the blackboard and listen to me. 請看黑板，聽我說。He got an “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.這次他得了個(gè)“A”，因?yàn)樗屑?xì)地復(fù)習(xí)了功課。(2)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義分為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞。①持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間，亦稱延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常見的有study、 play、 do、 read、 learn、 drive、 write、 clean、 sleep、 speak、 talk、 wait、 fly、 stay、 sit、 stand、 lie、 keep等。②瞬間性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫，亦稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞，常見的有begin、 start、 finish、 go、 come、 leave、 find、 get up、 arrive、 reach、 get to、 enter、 hear、 stop、 open、 close、 become、 buy、 borrow、 lend、 happen、 join、 lose、 renew、 die、 take away、 put up、 set out、 put on、 get on/off等。③持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞都能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已結(jié)束。如：He has studied Spanish for three years. 他學(xué)西班牙語有3年了。He has joined the Party. 他已入黨了。Mom isn't at home. She has gone to the library. 媽媽不在家。她去圖書館了。④持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中能與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，而瞬間性動(dòng)詞則不能。如：His parents have talked with the teacher for half an hour.他的父母跟老師談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。My mother has lain in bed for 3 days. 我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1970. 我父母從1970年起就住在上海了。⑤瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常有以下兩種方法。(a)用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換。如：He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.他參軍已有3年了。(不能用has joined)She has been up for quite some time.她起床已有好久了。(不能用has got up)Has your brother been away from home for a long time?你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？ (不能用has left)常用的瞬間性動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系如下：go—be away　　　 come—be herecome back—be back leave—be awaybuy—have borrow—keepdie—be dead begin—be onfinish—be over open—be openclose—be closed lose—be lostget to know—know turn on—be onget up—be up sit down—sit/be seatedjoin—be in become—be(b)用“it is…since…結(jié)構(gòu)”來替換瞬間性動(dòng)詞。如：The film has been on for five minutes.It's five minutes since the film began.電影已經(jīng)放映5分鐘了。(兩種方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.他離開上海已有3天了。(兩種方法)How long is it since he found his sister?他找到他妹妹多久了？(一種方法)⑥瞬間性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：I haven't seen you for a long time. 好久沒見到你了。2. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞也稱系動(dòng)詞，是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞。它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后面必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)來說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。如：We are in Grade Two this year. 今年我們上二年級。(1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、身份。常見的有be動(dòng)詞。如：He is a volunteer. 他是一名志愿者。(2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或情況，主要有keep(保持)、 remain(保持)、 stay(保持)、 lie(保持)、 stand(持續(xù))、 continue(繼續(xù))等。如：He always keeps silent at the meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。(3)表象系動(dòng)詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem(看起來)、 appear(看起來)、 look(看起來)等。如：He looks disappointed. 他看起來很失望。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。(4)感官系動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)ook(看起來)、 feel(覺得，摸起來)、 smell(聞起來)、 sound(聽起來)、 taste(嘗起來)等。如：She looks tired. 她看上去很疲勞。I feel ill. 我覺得不舒服。Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起來很軟。The story sounds interesting. 這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。The flowers smell sweet. 這些花聞起來很香。The soup tastes terrible. 這湯太難喝了?！咀⒁狻?連系動(dòng)詞不可與副詞連用。(5)變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become、 grow、 turn、 get、 go、 come、 run等。如：She became a college student. 她成了一名大學(xué)生。He feels sick. His face turns white. 他覺得不舒服，臉色蒼白。The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.春天來了，天氣變得暖和了些，白天也變得較長了些。He grew old. 他老了。上述句子中的動(dòng)詞如grow、 get、 turn等，既可以作連系動(dòng)詞，也可以作行為動(dòng)詞。如何來辨別它們呢？有一個(gè)最簡便的方法，即用be動(dòng)詞替換句子中的這些動(dòng)詞。若句子仍然成立，則是連系動(dòng)詞；反之不能成立的，就是行為動(dòng)詞。如：The trees turn/are green when spring comes. 春天來臨，樹葉變綠。The earth runs around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(run是行為動(dòng)詞，意為“轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”)【注意】 區(qū)別以下動(dòng)詞的用法，它們既可以作行為動(dòng)詞，又可以作連系動(dòng)詞。①feel意為“感覺到；覺得”。如：I felt someone touch my arm.我感覺到有人碰我的手臂。(行為動(dòng)詞)Are you feeling better today than before?你今天比以前感到好些了嗎？(連系動(dòng)詞)②smell意為“嗅；聞起來”。如：My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.我的小弟弟喜歡在吃蘋果前聞一聞。(行為動(dòng)詞)The flowers smell nice! 這些花聞起來好香??！(連系動(dòng)詞)③taste意為“辨味；嘗起來”。如：Please taste the soup. 請嘗嘗這湯。(行為動(dòng)詞)The soup tastes terrible. 這湯味道太差了。(連系動(dòng)詞)④get意為“得到，獲得；變”。如：There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.桌上有些香蕉，你們每個(gè)人可以拿一個(gè)。(行為動(dòng)詞)It gets warm in spring. 春天天氣變暖和了。(連系動(dòng)詞)⑤grow意為“生長，種植；變”。如：Does your country grow rice? 你們國家種水稻嗎？(行為動(dòng)詞)It's too late. It's growing dark. 太遲了，天漸漸變暗了。(連系動(dòng)詞)3. 助動(dòng)詞(1)協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫作助動(dòng)詞，被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~，即實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義，不能單獨(dú)使用，只是幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞完成某些語法功能，如表示時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、構(gòu)成否定句、疑問句、簡略答語等。最常用的助動(dòng)詞有have、 do、 shall、 will、 should、 would等。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。如：He does not speak English well. 他英語講得不好。A dog is running after a cat. 一條狗正在追逐一只貓。Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast yesterday morning?他昨天早餐喝牛奶、吃面包了嗎？(2)助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用。①表示時(shí)態(tài)。如：He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已結(jié)婚。We will meet at the same place we did last time. 我們將在上次見面的地方相會(huì)。I was having dinner when my friend phoned me from Australia.我朋友從澳大利亞打來電話時(shí)我正在吃晚飯。②表示語態(tài)。如：He was appointed to England. 他被派遣去英國。You are wanted on the phone, Miss Green. 格林小姐，你的電話。③構(gòu)成疑問句。如：Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？Have you ever been to Mexico? 你去過墨西哥嗎？④構(gòu)成否定句。如：I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。I didn't know you were coming until Friday. 直到星期五，我才知道你要來。⑤加強(qiáng)語氣。如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定要來參加晚會(huì)。He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有各種意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要行為動(dòng)詞(原形)一起構(gòu)成謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來表示說話人的能力、語氣或情態(tài)，表示推測、可能和必要等。常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can、 may、 must、 need、 dare、 could、 might、 have to、 shall、 should、 will、 had better、 used to等。(1)can和could (could為can的過去式)的基本用法。①表示能力，can一般指體力、知識(shí)、技能等，即“能夠，會(huì)”。如：He can speak English better than you. 他英語比你講得好。I couldn't speak well until I was five years old. 我直到五歲才能流利地說話。②在疑問句和否定句中，表示懷疑、猜測或可能性。如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong’s? 這輛綠色自行車是劉東的嗎？③表示許可時(shí)，can可以和may換用。如：You can/may go home now. 你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。④表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，可用could代替can，這時(shí)could不再是can的過去式，只表示委婉地提出請求、想法、建議等，回答以它開頭的問句時(shí)用can。如：Could you come again tomorrow? 明天你會(huì)再來嗎？Could you tell me the way to the post office? 你能告訴我去郵局的路嗎？—Can/Could I ask you a question? 我能問你一個(gè)問題嗎？—Of course, you can. 當(dāng)然可以。⑤can和be able to都可表示能力，兩者在意思上沒有什么區(qū)別。表示泛指過去的能力時(shí)可以通用。但是can只能有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而be able to有更多的形式。如：I could/was able to swim well when I was only six years old. 我六歲時(shí)游泳就很好了。He will be able to do the work better. 他將會(huì)把工作做得更好。(2)may和might (might為may的過去式)的基本用法。①表示允許或征詢對方許可，有“可以”之意。如：You may use my dictionary. 你可以使用我的字典。(a)回答對方“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時(shí)，一般不用may或 may not，以避免語氣生硬，而用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說法進(jìn)行回答。如：—May I use this dictionary? 我可以用這本字典嗎？—Yes, please./Certainly. 當(dāng)然可以。(b)請求對方許可時(shí)，“Might I…”比“May I…”的語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些。如：May I have a look at your new computer? 我可以看看你的新電腦嗎？(c)表示阻止或禁止對方做某事時(shí)，要用must not代替may not。如：—May we swim in this lake? 我們可以在湖里游泳嗎？—No, you mustn't. It's too dangerous. 不，你們不準(zhǔn)在此游泳，太危險(xiǎn)了。②may和might都可以表示可能性， might的語氣更加不肯定。如：They may/might be in the library now. 他們此刻或許在圖書館。③表示祝愿時(shí)常用“May＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：May you succeed. 祝你成功。May you have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快。(3)must的基本用法。①must表示“必須；應(yīng)該”之意，其否定式為must not，縮寫形式為 mustn't，表示“不應(yīng)該；不準(zhǔn)；不許可”或“禁止”之意。如：We must work hard and make progress every day.我們必須努力工作，每天取得進(jìn)步。Children mustn't touch the fire. 孩子們不準(zhǔn)玩火。②對于以must提出的疑問句，作否定回答時(shí)，要用needn't或don't/doesn't have to 來回答，而不用mustn't，因?yàn)閙ustn't表示的是“禁止；不許可”之意。如：—Must we finish the work tomorrow? 我們必須明天完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？—No, you needn't/don't have to, but you must finish it in three days.不必，但是你們必須三天內(nèi)完成。③在肯定句中must可以表示推測，表示“一定；必定”之意。如：—Whose new car can it be? 這輛新車是誰的？—It must be Liu Dong's. 一定是劉東的。(4)can、 could、 may、 might和must后接完成式的用法。①can、 could后接完成式。(a)在否定句或疑問句中表示對過去發(fā)生事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態(tài)度。如：Could he have said so? 他竟然能那樣說？(b)在肯定句中表示過去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒做到的事情，有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語氣。如：—When did you answer her letter? 你什么時(shí)候回復(fù)了她的信？—Yesterday. 昨天?！狪t's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.回信太晚了，我想你本來能早點(diǎn)回信的。②may、 might后接完成式。表示對過去某事的推測，認(rèn)為某一件事情在過去可能發(fā)生了，might的語氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或更加不肯定。如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before. 瑪麗之前可能學(xué)過一些中文。③must后接完成式。表示對過去某事的推測，認(rèn)為某事在過去一定做到了。如：Liu Dong isn't in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.劉東不在教室，他一定去圖書館了。(5)have to 的基本用法。have to和must的意義相近，只是 must側(cè)重表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to表示客觀需要。如：I must study hard. 我必須好好學(xué)習(xí)。(主觀)I had to give it up because of illness. 因?yàn)椴×?，我不得不放棄它?客觀)(6)ought to的基本用法。①表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，語氣比should強(qiáng)。should多表達(dá)自己的主觀看法，ought to 則多反映客觀情況。在談到法律、義務(wù)和規(guī)定或要使自己的意見聽起來有力時(shí)常用ought to。如：You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.這么重要的會(huì)議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。You should go and see Mary some time. 你應(yīng)該找個(gè)時(shí)間去看看瑪麗。②表示推測，注意與must表示推測時(shí)的區(qū)別。如：He must be home by now. 他現(xiàn)在一定在家。He ought to be home by now. 他現(xiàn)在可能在家。③“ought (to)＋have＋過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。如：You ought to have helped him. 你本該幫他的?！咀⒁狻?在美式英語中， ought to用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)，to可以省略。如：Ought you smoke so much? 你應(yīng)該抽這么多煙嗎？You oughtn't smoke so much. 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。(7)dare的基本用法。①dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中。如：Dare he break the traffic regulations again? 他敢再違反交通規(guī)則嗎？②在現(xiàn)代英語中，dare常用作行為動(dòng)詞，其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同。如：She dares to stay at home alone at night. 晚上她敢一個(gè)人待在家里。(8)need的基本用法。①need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“必須，需要”，主要用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。對疑問句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。如：He needn't worry about us now. 他現(xiàn)在不必為我們擔(dān)憂?！狽eed I tell him everything that has happened to his parents?我需要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？—Yes, you must. 是的，你必須告訴他?！狽o, you needn't. 不，沒有必要。②need也可作行為動(dòng)詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中，同普通動(dòng)詞的變化一樣。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day. 你必須每天練習(xí)大聲朗讀。③needn't后接完成式可以表示過去做了一件本來不必做的事情。如：—Did you send the e-mail yesterday? 你昨天發(fā)的這封電子郵件？—Yes, I did. 是，我昨天發(fā)的?！狟ut you needn't have sent it. 其實(shí)你不必發(fā)這封郵件。(9)shall的基本用法。①shall作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅或允諾等。如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. 他應(yīng)該第一個(gè)去，不論他想去與否。②在疑問句中，shall用于第一、三人稱，表示說話人征詢對方意見或請求指示。如：Shall I open the door? 我可以開門嗎？(10)should的基本用法。①should作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示建議或勸告，有“應(yīng)該”之意。如：You should learn from each other. 你們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此學(xué)習(xí)。②should后接完成式表示過去沒有做到本來應(yīng)該做的事情，或是做了本來不應(yīng)該做的事情。如：You should have given him more help. 你本應(yīng)該多幫他一把的。(11)will的基本用法。①用于各個(gè)人稱，可以表示意志或決心。如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我再三告誡他戒煙，但是他總是不聽。②在疑問句中用于第二人稱，表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枌Ψ降囊庠?。如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?你能告訴我首都體育館怎么走嗎？③will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有“總是”或“會(huì)要”之意。如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早上他總會(huì)沿著河邊散步。(12)would的基本用法。①would作為will的過去式，可用于各個(gè)人稱，表示過去時(shí)間的意志或決心。如：He promised he would never smoke again. 他許諾不再吸煙。②在疑問句中用于第二人稱，表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐枌Ψ降囊庠福葁ill的語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：Would you like some more coffee? 你想再喝點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？③I would like to…表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：I would like to do Exercise 2 first. 我想先做練習(xí)二。④would可以表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，比used to正式，沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.去年英語老師總在課后給我們講英語故事。During the vacation he would visit me every week.假期他會(huì)每周來看我。(13)used to、 had better和would rather的基本用法。①used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在。在間接引語中，其形式可不變。在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young.他告訴我們他小時(shí)候常常踢足球?！狣id you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?你過去常和你哥哥在同一個(gè)學(xué)校嗎？ —I usedn't to/didn't use to go there. 沒有，不在一個(gè)學(xué)校。②had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如：—We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在就走?！猋es, we had/we’d better/we had better. 是的。Had we better not stop now? 我們現(xiàn)在最好不要停？【注意】 had better用于同輩或小輩，對長輩不可用。③would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如：I'd rather not say anything. 我不想說話。Would you rather work on a farm? 你愿意在農(nóng)場工作嗎？—wouldn't you rather stay here? 你不愿待在這兒嗎？—No, I wouldn't. I'd rather go there. 是的，我不想待在這兒。我寧愿去那兒?！咀⒁狻?由于would rather表選擇，因而其后可接than。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.我寧愿在農(nóng)場工作也不愿在工廠工作。I would rather watch TV than go to see a film.我寧愿看電視也不愿看電影。I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.我寧愿失去一打櫻桃樹也不愿你撒謊。5. 動(dòng)詞短語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)短語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，成為動(dòng)詞短語。(1)動(dòng)詞＋副詞。①有的“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，不帶賓語。常見的有：break out爆發(fā) break up分解 come up出現(xiàn)fall behind落后 get along進(jìn)展 get up起床give in 屈服 grow up 長大 hold on等一會(huì)兒pass away去世 run out用光 start off出發(fā)watch out當(dāng)心 go back回去 go ahead著手；開始做②有些動(dòng)詞＋副詞結(jié)構(gòu)必須加賓語。賓語是人稱代詞賓格形式，需要將其放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞短語，則可以放在動(dòng)詞和副詞中間，也可以放在副詞后面。常見的有：find out查明，查出 get in收獲莊稼 hold up支撐；阻礙put off推遲 put on穿上；上演 put out使熄滅put up建造；張貼 pick up撿起；搭建 turn off關(guān)閉turn down調(diào)低 turn in上交 turn up出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大work out計(jì)算出 throw away扔掉 look through翻查；翻找(2)動(dòng)詞＋介詞。動(dòng)詞＋介詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后需要帶賓語。常見的有：break into闖入 care for照顧；喜歡 come across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)laugh at嘲笑 look after照顧 look into調(diào)查look for尋找 stand for代表 wait for等候hear from 收到……的來信 shout at對……喊叫 run into遇到；撞上take on 承擔(dān) get off下車 operate on給……做手術(shù)think about考慮 agree with同意 talk about談?wù)搕hink of 想出 deal with處理 worry about擔(dān)憂put on穿上(3)動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞。get away from擺脫　 get along with相處融合get through to與……通話 keep away from遠(yuǎn)離look forward to期盼 run out of用光(4)動(dòng)詞＋名詞。make the bed鋪床 make faces做鬼臉lose heart灰心 lose interest失去興趣lose weight減肥 take care當(dāng)心take exercise鍛煉 take place發(fā)生make sense 有意義(5)動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞。make friends with與……交朋友 make fun of取笑make room for為……騰地方 make use of利用take care of 照顧【注意】 在“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”和“動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，有些名詞需要加冠詞a/an，有的需要加定冠詞the；有的可以加冠詞，也可以不加；有的名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，有的需要加形容詞性的物主代詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)多加注意和總結(jié)。have a word with 和……談話have words with 與……吵架lose heart 失去勇氣lose one's heart to 愛上take place 發(fā)生take one's place 取代(6)常考易混動(dòng)詞短語。①關(guān)于 make 的短語。make a decision 做決定 make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)make a living 謀生 make a phone call 打電話make up 編造，捏造；化妝 be made of 用……制成(可以看出原材料) be made from 用……制成(看不出原材料) make up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成make friends 交朋友 make up one's mind 下決心make progress 取得進(jìn)步 make room for 為……騰地方make into 把……制成…… be made in 產(chǎn)于某地make money 賺錢 make efforts 作出努力②關(guān)于 look 的短語。look for 尋找 look after 照顧look through 瀏覽 look around 環(huán)顧look like 看起來像 look at 看look up 查閱 look into 調(diào)查；深入檢查look out 留神；注意 look forward to 盼望，期望look over 翻閱，瀏覽③關(guān)于put的短語。put up 搭建；張貼；升起 put off 推遲put away 把……收起來 put up with 容忍put on 穿上；上演 put out 熄滅：伸出；出版put down 寫下，記下④關(guān)于 give 的短語。give up 放棄 give in 屈服；讓步give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出；發(fā)表 give away 贈(zèng)送⑤關(guān)于 go 的短語。go on 繼續(xù) go away 走開go over 仔細(xì)檢查 go back 回到go by (時(shí)間)流逝⑥關(guān)于 come 的短語。come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)；成真 come from 來自；出生于come up with 提出；想出；趕上 come on 加油；快點(diǎn)come back 回來；記起；恢復(fù)原狀；重新流行 come out 出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是⑦關(guān)于 take 的短語。take away 帶走；拿走；取走 take off 起飛；脫掉take up 拿起；開始從事 take down 寫下；記下take out 取出；去掉；出發(fā) take in 接受；理解take place 發(fā)生 take care of 照顧take part in 參加 take photos 照相take a seat 坐下 take turns 輪流⑧關(guān)于 get 的短語。get to 到達(dá) get over 克服get off 離開 get ready for... 為……做準(zhǔn)備get on well with 與……相處融洽 get up 起床；起來get on 進(jìn)展 get together 相聚⑨關(guān)于 keep 的短語。keep down 鎮(zhèn)壓；縮減；保留 keep on 繼續(xù)；保持keep up with sb. 跟上某人 keep at 堅(jiān)持；糾纏keep out of 置身于……之外⑩關(guān)于 turn 的短語。turn on 打開 turn up 開大；調(diào)高turn in 上交 turn off 關(guān)閉turn down 關(guān)小；調(diào)低 turn out 結(jié)果是?關(guān)于 have 的短語。have a look 看一看 have a cold 感冒have a headache 頭疼 have supper 吃晚餐have a rest 休息 have a try 嘗試；努力【例1】　 (2024年甘肅省分類考試)A: ________ John clean the meeting room?B: I'm sorry, he ________.(　　) A. Can; can B. Can; can't C. Can't; can D. Can; does例1例3【解析】　以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can開頭的一般疑問句不能用do/does回答。根據(jù)答句“I'm sorry”可知，是表示“不能”，應(yīng)用can't回答。故選B。B 例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例2】　(2023年甘肅省分類考試)—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary?—For about two weeks.(　　) A. did; borrow B. have; borrowed C. do; keep D. have; keptD 例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【解析】　根據(jù)答語“For about two weeks.”可知，前面問的是“這本詞典你借了多久了”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞borrow為瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中要轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞keep。keep的過去分詞形式為kept。故選D。例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例3】　(2022年甘肅省分類考試)My mother encouraged me ________.(　　) A. not to give up B. to not give up C. not give up D. give up【解析】　encourage sb. to do sth. 表示“鼓勵(lì)某人去做某事”。根據(jù)句義“媽媽鼓勵(lì)我不要放棄”可知，應(yīng)用encourage sb. not to do sth.。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例4】　(2022年甘肅省分類考試)Our teacher ________ us ________ the time of meeting just now.(　　) A. informed; of B. led; to C. kept; from D. asked; to【解析】　句義：“我們的老師剛才告知了我們會(huì)議時(shí)間。”informed sb. of sth. 表示“告知某人某事”，lead to 表示“導(dǎo)致，引起”，keep...from 表示“阻止”， ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例5】　(2022年甘肅省分類考試)I ________ classic music ________ rock music.(　　) A. prefer; than B. like; to C. prefer; to D. like; than【解析】　prefer A to B表示“比起B(yǎng)更喜歡A”。故選C。C 例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例6】　(2021年甘肅省分類考試)Don't ________ to call me if you need any help.(　　) A. remind B. remember C. forget D. contact【解析】　句義：“如果你需要任何幫助，別忘了給我打電話?！眗emind 表示“提醒，使想起”，remember表示“記得，記起”，forget表示“忘記”，contact 表示“聯(lián)系，聯(lián)絡(luò)”。故選C。C 例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例7】　(2020年甘肅省分類考試)There is something wrong with my uncle's body, so he decides to ________ smoking.(　　) A. put up B. wake up C. give up D. break up【解析】　句義：“我叔叔的身體出了些問題，因此他決定戒煙?！眕ut up意為“建造，張貼”，wake up意為“醒來”，give up意為“放棄”，break up意為“打破”。故選C。C 例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例8】　You'd better ________ school by bike.(　　) A. to B. go to C. to go to D. to go【解析】　had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。故選B。B例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例9】　What ________ your father do？(　　) A. do B. are C. does D. is【解析】　當(dāng)詢問某人的職業(yè)是什么時(shí)，要用“What do/does...sb. do”這一句型。故選C。C例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10【例10】　The boy looks so sad. He ________ a headache.(　　) A. has B. have C. dose D. is【解析】　“have a headache/cold/toothache...”表示“頭疼/感冒/牙疼……”。根據(jù)題干， He為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has。故選A。A例1例3例2例4例5例6例7例8例9例10(　　)1. The little boy won't go to sleep unless his mom ________ him a story.A. tells B. told C. is telling D. will tell1234567891011121314151617181920【解析】 unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句中的won't說明主句用一般將來時(shí)，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。從句主語 his mom 為第三人稱單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞 tell 也應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式 tells。故選A。A21222324252627282930(　　)2. —Must I finish my homework today, Mr. Smith?—No, you ________. But you have to finish it tomorrow.A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. can't【解析】 句義：“——我必須今天完成作業(yè)嗎，史密斯先生？——不，不需要。但是你必須明天完成?！币詍ust開頭的疑問句作否定回答時(shí)，用needn't或don't have to形式，意為“不必，不需要”，而mustn't意為“不準(zhǔn)，不許”，表禁止。故選B。B 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)3. David is very productive and ________ five books in the past ten years.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing【解析】 根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語in the past ten years可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has done。故選C。C123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)4. —Mr. Li is giving the lesson.—It ________ be Mr. Li. He has already gone to England.A. mustn't B. must C. can't D. needn't【解析】 句義：“——李老師正在上課?！豢赡苁抢罾蠋煟呀?jīng)去英格蘭了?！眒ustn't意為“不可以”，表禁止；must 意為“一定是”，表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的肯定推測；can't 意為“不可能”，表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的否定推測；needn't意為“不需要”。故選C。C 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)5. My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.A. look for B. look at C. look up D. look after【解析】 look for意為“尋找”，look at意為“看”，look up意為“查找”，look after 意為“照顧”。根據(jù)句義可知是“照顧”祖父母。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)6. ________， Tom! It's time to get up and go to school.A. Wake up B. Make up C. Grow up D. Look up【解析】 句義：“湯姆，醒醒！到了起床上學(xué)的時(shí)間了?！眞ake up 意為“醒來，叫醒”，make up意為“編造，彌補(bǔ)”，grow up 意為“長大”， look up意為“查找”。故選A。A 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)7. When going upstairs or downstairs, we need to walk on the right, leaving the left space for the people who ________.A. hurry up B. look around C. run away D. stand up【解析】 句義：“上下樓梯時(shí)，我們需要靠右行，把左邊的位置留給趕時(shí)間的人。”hurry up意為“趕快”， look around意為“瀏覽；四處觀望”， run away 意為“逃跑”，stand up意為“站立”。故選A。A123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)8. —What did you do in the garden yesterday afternoon?—I watched my father ________ his motorbike.A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repairs【解析】 句義：“——昨天下午你在花園做什么？——我在看我爸爸修理他的摩托車?！眞atch sb. do sth. 意為“看見某人做了某事”，watch sb. doing sth. 意為“看見某人正在做某事”。故選C。C123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)9. The company can ________ lunch for you if you work there.A. feed B. provide C. have D. eat【解析】 provide sth. for sb.表示“為某人提供某物”，固定搭配，feed意為“喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)”，have意為“有，擁有”，eat意為“吃”。故選B。B123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)10. Please ________ the picture. Can you ________ a bird?A. look; see B. see; look atC. look at; see D. see; look【解析】 句義：“請看這張照片，你能看到一只鳥嗎？”look 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接跟賓語；look at可以跟賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作；see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果。故選C。C123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)11. It was such a long way that they didn't ________ the hotel until it became dark.A. reach B. arrive C. get D. arrive on【解析】 句義：“如此長的一段路以至于他們直到天黑才到達(dá)賓館。”reach 為及物動(dòng)詞，可以直接跟賓語，get to＋賓語，arrive in/at＋賓語。故選A。A123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)12. The sports meeting will be ________ because of the heavy rain.A. taken off B. got off C. turned off D. put off【解析】 句義：“由于下大雨，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將被推遲?！眛ake off 意為“脫掉；(飛機(jī))起飛”，get off意為“下車”，turn off 意為“關(guān)掉”，put off意為“推遲”。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)13. This kind of fruit________.A. taste sweetly B. looks wellC. sounds beautiful D. tastes delicious【解析】 句義：“這種水果嘗起來很美味。”taste、 look、 sound是感官動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)14. Would you please ________ that book from the floor?A. stand up B. get up C. show up D. pick up【解析】 句義：“你可以撿起地板上的那本書嗎？”stand up意為“站立”，get up意為“起床”，show up意為“揭露；露面，出現(xiàn)”，pick up 意為“撿起；開車接某人”。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)15. I can't ________French. Please ________ it in Chinese. A. say; tell B. speak; talk C. talk; tell D. speak; say【解析】 句義：“我不會(huì)說法語，請用中文說這件事情。”講某種語言用speak，指說的內(nèi)容用say。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)16. Mom likes ________ TV these days because there are ________ advertisements.A. watching; less B. looking at; fewerC. seeing; fewer D. watching; fewer【解析】 句義：“媽媽這些天喜歡看電視，因?yàn)閺V告變少了?！笨措娨曈脛?dòng)詞watch；advertisements是可數(shù)名詞，所以應(yīng)用fewer。故選D。D123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)17. They walked home last night because they couldn't ________ to take a taxi.A. leave B. buy C. afford D. allow【解析】 句義：“因?yàn)楦恫黄鸫蜍囐M(fèi)，他們昨晚是走回家的?！盿fford表示“買得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，符合題意。故選C。C 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)18. We are looking forward to ________ the Great Wall in spring.A. visited B. visit C. visiting D. to visit【解析】 句義：“我們正盼望在春天去參觀長城。”look forward to后要跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式。故選C。C123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)19. —How long may I ________ your CD?—For a week. But you mustn't ________ it to others.A. borrow; lend B. keep; lendC. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow【解析】 句義：“——我可以借用你的CD多長時(shí)間？——一周，但是你不準(zhǔn)把它再借給別人?！眀orrow意為“借入”，lend意為“借出”，都不能與for a week連用，要用keep代替。故選B。B123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)20. There will be a party for the New Year tomorrow. Would you like to ________？A. take up B. take part in C. take away D. take placeB【解析】 句義：“明天有一場新年晚會(huì)。你愿意參加嗎？”take up意為“拿起，占據(jù)”，take part in意為“參加(活動(dòng))”，take away意為“帶走”，take place意為“發(fā)生”。故選B。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)21. Schools should ________ students to form good working habits through labor(勞動(dòng)) education.A. force B. encourage C. warn D. promiseB【解析】 根據(jù)句義“學(xué)校應(yīng)該通過勞動(dòng)教育來鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的工作習(xí)慣”可知，encourage符合題意。故選B。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)22. Would you mind ________ the TV? The cartoon is on now and let's watch it together.A. turning on B. turning off C. turning down D. turning upA【解析】 句義：“你介意打開電視嗎？卡通片現(xiàn)在正在播放，讓我們一起看。”turn on意為“打開”，turn off意為“關(guān)掉”，turn down意為“減小；調(diào)低”，turn up意為“開大；調(diào)高”。故選A。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)23. —Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.A. to keep B. keeping C. kept D. keepA　【解析】 advise sb. to do sth.意為“建議某人做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選A。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)24. —How many times ________ you ________ to Tian，anmen Square this year?—Three times.A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; goneA【解析】 have been to表示“去過某地(已返回)”， have gone to表示“去了某地(還未回)”。故選A。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)25. Excuse me, ________ you please pass me that book?A. must B. should C. would D. needC【解析】 would表示請求，符合題意。故選C。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)26. An accident stopped her ________ here on time.A. from coming B. to come C. come D. cameA【解析】 stop...(from) doing 為固定短語，意為“阻止……做某事”。故選 A。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)27. Your toys are here and there. Please ________， Linda.A. put away them B. put them awayC. put them out D. put up themB【解析】 句義：“你的玩具到處都是。請把它們收起來放好?！眕ut away 意為“放好”， put out意為“撲滅”， put up意為“舉起，搭建”。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語的賓語是代詞時(shí)，要把賓語置于動(dòng)詞短語之間。故選B。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)28. It's time for class. We'd better ________.A. stop to talk B. to stop to talkC. stop talking D. to stop talkingC【解析】 句義：“上課了，我們最好停止談話?！県ad better接動(dòng)詞原形，stop to do sth.意為“停下來去做另一件事”，stop doing sth. 意為“停止做某事”。故選C。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930(　　)29. I ________ the chance to interview a famous businessman. I am very excited.A. want to get B. succeed in gettingC. start to get D. manage to get123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930【解析】 句義：“我成功地得到了去采訪一位著名商人的機(jī)會(huì)。我很興奮?！眞ant to do 意為“想要做”，succeed in doing意為“成功做”，start to do 意為“開始做”，manage to do意為“設(shè)法做”。故選B。B(　　)30. —Is your father at home, Jill?—No. He ________ his car outside.A. was washing B. will wash C. is washing D. washesC【解析】 根據(jù)“Is your father at home, Jill？”可知，應(yīng)是回答父親正在做的事情，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930Thanks！