
這是一份人教新目標 (Go for it) 版八年級下冊本冊綜合復習課件ppt,共13頁。
一、現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu):
(助動詞)have/has+過去分詞
二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法: ?。?“完成法”:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
標志性詞:already、 never、 ever、just、 yet 、befre 、 s far等。
?。?“未完成法”:表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能延續(xù)到將來。
時間狀語:fr+一段時間;since+過去點時間。
三、現(xiàn)在完成時的各種句式:
?。?陳述句:主語+ have/has+過去分詞+其他成分。
?。?否定句:主語+have/has+nt+過去分詞+其他成分。
3.一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他成分?
4.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have/has+其他成分?
5.反意疑問句:借助于助動詞have/has來完成反意疑問句。
例如:They have lived that village fr ten years, haven’t they ? Li Lei has never read this bk, has he ?
四、正確運用have/has been t,
have/has gne t,和have/has been in 三種結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. have/has been t表示“過去曾去過某地”,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了。
?。? have/has gne t表示“已去了某地”,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。
3. have/has been in 表示“已在某地(呆了多久)”,如果是小地方用at代替in。
考點一:考查基本概念 例如: Bth his parents lk sad . Maybe they ____what's happened t him . ?。? knew B. have knwn ?。? must knw D.will knw
簡析:現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。
考點二:考查時間狀語
例1. He has _______ been t Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
例2. Have yu met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ag C.befre D. a mment ag
例3. The famus writer ____ ne new bk in the past tw year .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrte D.has written
例4.—Our cuntry ______ a lt s far . —Yes . I hpe it will be even ______ . ?。? has changed ; well ?。? changed ; gd ?。? has changed ; better ?。? changed ; better 例5. Zha Lan ______already ______in this schl fr tw years . A. was ; studying ?。? will ; study C. has ; studied ?。? are ; studying 例6. We ______ Xia Li since she was a little girl . A. knw B. had knwn C. have knwn D. knew 例7. Harry Ptter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . A. will see ?。? have seen C. saw D.see
簡析:現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類: ⑴現(xiàn)在完成時常與already(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛,正好),ever(曾經(jīng)),never(從來,也不;從不),befre(以前),yet(仍然)等連用。 ?、片F(xiàn)在完成時常與recently(近來),s far(到目前為止),in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間,句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。 ⑶現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“fr +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用(含從句,從句過去時)。 ⑷現(xiàn)在完成時還與nce(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。
考點三:考查與一般過去時的區(qū)別
例1.—These farmers have been t the United States .
—Really ? When ___ there ?
A. will they g ?。? did they g
C. d they g ?。? have they gne
例2.—______ yu ___ yur hmewrk yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a mment ag .
A. Did ; d ; finished B.Have ; dne ; finished
C. Have ; dne ; have finished D. will ; d ; finish
簡析:現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week , a mment ag等)連用。故例1、2的正確答案皆為B。
考點四:考查非延續(xù)性動詞的用法
例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. jined B. has jined C. was in D. has been in
例2.—D yu knw him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ag .
A. were B. have been C. have becme D. have made
例3.—Hw lng have yu ____ here ?
—Abut tw mnths .
A. been B. gne C. cme D. arrived
例4. Hurry up! The play __________ fr ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been n D. began 例5. His uncle died tw years ag .(改變句子,句意不變) His uncle has ____ __ _ fr tw years 例6. Her mther has been a Party member fr three years .(同義句) Her mther _______ the Party three years ________ . 例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was
been dead
jined ag
簡析:現(xiàn)在完成時中,非延續(xù)性動詞不能與fr和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用,通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動詞及替代形式如下: clse—→be clsed, put n→wear , pen—→be pen get up—→be up, finish/end—→be ver , lse—→be lst , marry—→be married(t), get t knw—→ knw fall asleep/ g t sleep —→be asleep ( sleep ) , cme/arrive—→be here/in , cme/get back—→be back , g/leave-be away , becme —→be , brrw —→keep , buy—→have , begin/start—→be n , die—→be dead , jin—→be in/be a m ember f... , catch a cld—→ have a cld等,
考點五:考查詞組have/has been in / t與have/has gne t的區(qū)別
例1. Miss Green isn‘t in the ffice . she_______ t the library .
A.has gne B. went C.will g D. has been
例2. My parents ______ Shandng fr ten years .
A. have been in B. have been t
C. have gne t D.have been
簡析:“have/has gne t + 地點”表示“某人去了某地(還未回來)”,指主語所指的人不在這兒?!癶ave/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”,常與表示時間的狀語連用?!癶ave/has been t +地點”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒)?!惫世?、2的正確答案皆為A。
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