2022屆高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法專題9名詞性從句

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法專題9名詞性從句，共35頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點(diǎn)歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.(2020·天津,單項(xiàng)填空)The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true 　　　　　Prfessr Jseph had said.?what　句意:為了讓Jseph教授所說的話成為現(xiàn)實(shí),這個(gè)學(xué)生完成了這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,make后要接賓語(yǔ)從句,what在此處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中做had said的賓語(yǔ)。2.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)篇填空)While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence 　　　　　　they range all the way acrss the Arctic.?that　空格前面的單詞是evidence,空格后面的句子用來說明evidence的內(nèi)容,由此判斷是同位語(yǔ)從句。所填的詞在句中不做句子成分,所以填that。
3.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)篇填空)I’m nt sure 　　　　　is mre frightened,me r the female grilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.?wh　I’m nt sure后面接賓語(yǔ)從句,所以用wh指“我”不確定“我”和母猩猩兩者中誰更害怕一點(diǎn)。4.(2017·北京,單項(xiàng)填空)Every year,　　　　　 makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.?whever　句意:每年,凡是制作出最精美的風(fēng)箏的人將在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上獲獎(jiǎng)。whever在此處相當(dāng)于anyne/anybdy wh,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
5.(2016·北京,單項(xiàng)填空)Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.　　　　　　 yu can d helps.?Whatever　句意:你的支持對(duì)我們的工作來說十分重要,你所做的一切對(duì)我們都有幫助?！癢hatever yu can d”在句中做主語(yǔ),d后缺少賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用Whatever (任何事情)來引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。it做形式主語(yǔ)后接that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that不可以省略。what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不能用it做形式主語(yǔ)代替。Hw we understand things has a lt t d with what we feel.我們理解事物的方式與我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。Exactly when the ptat was intrduced int Eurpe is uncertain,but it was prbably arund 1565.馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。
What makes the bk s extrardinary is the creative imaginatin f the writer.使這本書非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。That she will succeed is certain.=It is certain that she will succeed.她肯定會(huì)成功。
2.it做形式主語(yǔ)的常見句型(1)It is+名詞(n wnder,an hnr,a gd thing,a pity,n surprise等)+that從句。It is n surprise that we will win the match.我們將會(huì)贏得比賽這一點(diǎn)也不驚奇。(2)It is+形容詞(bvius,true,natural,surprising,gd,funny,pssible,likely,certain等)+that從句。It is certain that he will cme.他肯定會(huì)來。(3)It is+過去分詞(said,reprted,thught,expected,decided,annunced等)+that從句。It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived.據(jù)說史密斯先生已經(jīng)到了。
1.動(dòng)詞和介詞后面都可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hpe,tell,say等)后可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞后只能跟wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。We must find ut when Karl is cming,s we can bk a rm fr him.我們必須弄清楚卡爾會(huì)在什么時(shí)候來,這樣我們就可以為他訂房間了。It’s gd t knw that the dgs will be well cared fr while we’re away.得知在我們離開期間這些狗將會(huì)受到很好的照顧真是太好了。I dn’t think (that) yu are right.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。
2.動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,cnsider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),需用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.我認(rèn)為我們有必要每天喝足夠的開水。3.hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常在從句前面加it。I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.我不喜歡他們吃著東西說話。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容詞后也可接賓語(yǔ)從句。I’m sure that they can make it.我確定他們會(huì)成功。
1.跟在be動(dòng)詞或者其他系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。The best mment fr the ftball player was when he scred the winning gal.對(duì)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說最好的時(shí)刻就是他進(jìn)決勝球的時(shí)候。As Jhn Lennn nce said,life is what/whatever happens t yu while yu are busy making ther plans.正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)說過的,生活就是當(dāng)你忙于制訂其他的計(jì)劃時(shí)所發(fā)生在你身上的事情。The message f the mvie is that humans want peace,nt war.這部電影傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
2.主句主語(yǔ)為idea,advice,suggestin,rder,request,requirement等名詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用“shuld+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,shuld可以省略。His suggestin is that we (shuld) change ur curse.他建議我們改變航線。3.主語(yǔ)為名詞reasn時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞用that,不用why或者because。The reasn fr the accident is that the driver was t careless.這起事故的原因是司機(jī)太大意。
4.because,as if,as thugh,as等也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Frm space,the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.從太空看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%的地方被水覆蓋著。
同位語(yǔ)從句是用來解釋說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容或者性質(zhì)的從句。1.常見的能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有:belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt, news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin, explanatin,infrmatin,thught,wrd等。The fact that cllege students are financially dependent n their parents is nthing new.大學(xué)生在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依靠父母的這一事實(shí)并不是什么新鮮事。Peple all ver the wrld have a dream that they will always live a peaceful life.全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,即永遠(yuǎn)過著和平的生活。
2.同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。—Is it true that Mike refused an ffer frm Yale University yesterday?—Yeah,but I have n idea why he did it;that’s ne f his favurite universities.——昨天邁克拒絕接受來自耶魯大學(xué)的錄取通知書是真的嗎?——是的,但是我不能理解他為什么這樣做;那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。3.有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而是被別的成分隔開。The thught came t him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敵人可能已逃離這座城市。
4.dubt后面的從句要根據(jù)具體情況選擇引導(dǎo)詞。dubt用于肯定句時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether/if引導(dǎo),同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo);用于否定句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句都用that引導(dǎo)。Yu can cmplain,but I dubt whether it will make any difference.你可以發(fā)牢騷,但我對(duì)這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。There is n dubt that we will have an exam next week.毫無疑問下周我們要考試。
whether與if 當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí),在下列情況下只用whether,不用if:1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并用在句首時(shí)。Whether yu are n gd terms with yur classmates will affect yur md.你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。We shuld discuss the questin whether we can finish it n time carefully.我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真討論一下我們是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)這個(gè)問題。
3.所引導(dǎo)的從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。It all depends n whether they will lend us the mney.這都要看他們是否會(huì)借給我們錢。4.與“r nt”直接連用時(shí)。I didn’t knw whether r nt he had arrived in Beijing.我不知道他是否已經(jīng)到達(dá)了北京。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。I dn’t knw whether t g t the party.我不知道是否去參加聚會(huì)。
1.that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,也沒有任何含義;that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不做介詞的賓語(yǔ)(介詞but,except,besides,in除外)。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主語(yǔ)從句,that不充當(dāng)從句成分)他考試沒及格令我很驚訝。He is a gd student except that he is a little careless.除了有點(diǎn)粗心以外,他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。
2.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),其意義為“……的人/物/數(shù)目等”,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what具有雙重作用,既能引導(dǎo)從句,又能在從句中做成分。做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)what可以分解成“定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”,即常說的“先行詞+that”?！癊very time yu eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mther used t tell me.(what 指“……說的話”)“每次吃糖,要喝點(diǎn)綠茶,” 這是我母親過去常告訴我的。A ship in harbur is safe,but that’s nt what ships are built fr.(做fr的賓語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的用途”)船停泊在港灣里會(huì)很安全,但人們把它造出來可不是這個(gè)目的。
Yu will knw what side effect the medicine brings abut.(做定語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的”)你將會(huì)知道這種藥會(huì)帶來什么副作用。He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“……的地方”)=He lives in the place that we call “spring city”.他住在一個(gè)叫“春城”的地方。Yu dn’t knw what gd students they are.(表示“多么”,此為感嘆句用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)你不知道他們是多么好的學(xué)生。
3.which 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其意義為“哪一個(gè)”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具體的人、事、物當(dāng)中進(jìn)行選擇;引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞,在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且只能指物。Tell me which bk yu like better,the red ne r the blue ne?I will buy the bk which yu chse fr yu.告訴我你更喜歡哪本書,紅色的還是藍(lán)色的?我給你買你選中的那本。4.A is t B what C is t D.A對(duì)于B 就像C對(duì)于D一樣。Air is t us what water is t fish.空氣對(duì)于我們就像水對(duì)于魚一樣。
Ⅰ.單句填空1.Scientists have btained mre evidence 　　　　　　plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.(2019·江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)?that　句意:科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)獲得了更多的證據(jù),表明塑料正在進(jìn)入人體。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,后面的句子解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容,所以是同位語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在從句中不做成分,所以填that。2.It’s s imprtant 　　　　　　yu need t get a certain amunt f water each day.(2019·山東濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬)?that　句意:重要的是你每天要喝一定量的水。it是形式主語(yǔ),所填的詞在句中不做成分,所以用that。
3.This is 　　　　　　my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.(2019·遼寧八校聯(lián)考)?what　句意:這是我父親教我的——總是要面對(duì)困難,抱最大的希望。此處是表語(yǔ)從句,該空在從句中做taught的賓語(yǔ),所以用what引導(dǎo)。4.The gld medal will be awarded t 　　　　　　wins first place in the bicycle race.(2019·江蘇南通模擬)?whever　句意:無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名,金牌將授予他。分析句子可知,賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故用whever,表示“任何人,無論誰”。
5.Taking a bat is the nly way t get here,which is 　　　　　　we arrived.(2019·江蘇徐州一中模擬)?hw　句意:乘船是到達(dá)這里唯一的途徑,這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)的。which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,is后面為表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)taking a bat可知,此處用hw引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,表示“如何”。6.They were cnsulting a map and seemed cnfused,s I asked them 　　　　　they were lking fr.(2018·寧夏育才中學(xué)?？??what　分析句子成分可知,此處是賓語(yǔ)從句,題空處做介詞fr的賓語(yǔ),故填what。7.My first task was t decide where I culd g and 　　　　　I culd get there.(2018·山東師大附中二模)?hw　句意:我的首要任務(wù)是決定去哪里及如何到達(dá)那里。根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處表示“如何”,故填hw。
8.Success partially depends n 　　　　　yu have the patience t d simple things perfectly.(2018·福建安溪模擬)?whether　句意:成功部分取決于你是否有耐心把簡(jiǎn)單的事情做得完美。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,做介詞n的賓語(yǔ),意為“是否”,故填whether。9.They wanted t understand wh painted the pictures and 　　　they might mean.?what　由該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,且空處在從句中做動(dòng)詞mean的賓語(yǔ),故用what。10.I dn’t knw 　　　　　　she will be admitted t the university.whether/if　whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意:我不知道她是否能考上那所大學(xué)。
11.I have n dubt 　　　　　　my brther will pass the driving test.that　此處為同位語(yǔ)從句,連接詞用that。12.　　　　　　 r nt a cmputer is lightweight is imprtant.?Whether　根據(jù)句意“計(jì)算機(jī)是否是輕便的是很重要的”可知,空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,且與“r nt”直接連用,連接詞只用whether不用if。13.　　　　　　 made that statement des nt knw the facts.?Whever　空后的從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用whever=anyne wh,它既引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句也在從句中做主語(yǔ)。wh“誰”,語(yǔ)意不合適。whever“無論誰”。14.Anne felt terrible,which was 　　　　　she was late fr the exam.why　句意:安妮感到很不舒服,這就是她考試遲到的原因。why在此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Thugh I dn’t knw exactly hw I can d fr the animals yet,I can at least fllw my brther.(2019·遼寧葫蘆島協(xié)作校聯(lián)考)hw→what　此處是賓語(yǔ)從句,連接詞做d的賓語(yǔ),所以把hw改為what。2.It is nt the stry itself but that is reflected in the stry that cunts.(2019·湖南衡陽(yáng)八中模擬)第一個(gè)that→what　此處是主語(yǔ)從句,連接詞在句中做主語(yǔ),所以用what。3.The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is what ne can be entirely free frm dust.(2019·豫北名校聯(lián)考)what→that　is后跟從句做表語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),因此用that。
4.It struck me mst in the mvie was the father’s deep lve fr his sn.(2019·河北正定?？?It→What　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),并且指事物,所以用what。5.Hwever,when they gt hme,I hesitated fr a mment and tld them that truly happened.that→what　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用what。6.If we try ur best t get ahead,we will be able t achieve what we desire and deserve it.刪除it　what在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),it多余,故刪除it。
7.After dinner,I packed int the suitcase which my grandparents wuld need,such as clthes,glasses,an umbrella,and a map.which→what　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句what my grandparents wuld need 做packed的賓語(yǔ);連接詞what做從句中need的賓語(yǔ)。8.I fully understand when we are nt cmfrtable abut it,but there’s n need t feel t sad.when→why　根據(jù)該句中的understand及語(yǔ)境可以判斷,應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。9.The fact whether I almst drwned makes me very careful abut water safety whenever I g swimming.whether→that　此處是同位語(yǔ)從句,又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞?故填連詞that。
10.I didn’t knw that the science museum was,s I asked the man which bus I shuld take.that→where　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和下文暗示可知,賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)Dear Laura,Thanks fr letting us t stay at yur seaside huse.Nw,yu might have heard frm yur neighburs abut which happened n Saturday evening.When I was ut a walk,my yunger sn,Tm,played the ftball befre yur huse.He made s much nise that the neighburs gt quite angrily.Even wrse,Tm brke ne f the windw f Mr. Wilsn’s huse.Tm and I aplgized t all the neighburs fr the unhappy happenings,but prmised t have the brken windw repair sn.Tm said that we wuld nt d such silly things any mre.I am glad that yur neighburs had frgiven us.They are really nice peple.Yurs,Betty