2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題8定語從句

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題8定語從句，共43頁。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.(2020·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almst lifelike.?whse　此處為限制性定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且定語從句中缺少定語,故用whse引導(dǎo)。2.(2019·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 am t 5 pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield,　　　　　　 she pened with her late husband Les.?which　先行詞是the pet shp,關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中做動詞pened的賓語,所以填which。3.(2019·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)They were well trained by their masters 　　　　　　had great experience with caring fr these animals.?wh　先行詞是指人的名詞masters,關(guān)系詞在限制性定語從句中做主語,所以填wh。
4.(2016·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空) Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius,　　　　　　　　? lived frm rughly 551 479 B.C.,influenced the develpment f chpsticks.?wh　根據(jù)對逗號前后內(nèi)容的分析可以看出空格處所在句子為非限制性定語從句,其先行詞Cnfucius 指人,故用wh引導(dǎo)該定語從句并做從句的主語。
關(guān)系代詞有wh,whm,which,that和whse,另外,as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞有when,where和why,在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。1.wh指人,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.幸福和成功經(jīng)常屬于那些善于認識自己長處的人。2.whm指人,在定語從句中做賓語,?？墒÷?。D yu knw the by(whm) we met at the gate?你認識我們在門口碰到的那個男孩嗎?
3.which 指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語,做賓語時常可省略。The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.安杰拉和她的家人在中國共同度過的確切年份是2008年。4.that 指人時,相當(dāng)于wh 或whm;指物時,相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中做主語或賓語,做賓語時常可省略。She is the writer(that) I want t see very much.她就是那位我非常想見的作家。Amng the many dangers(which/that) sailrs have t face,prbably the greatest f all is fg.在海員們必須要面對的許多危險中,最嚴重的可能就是霧。
5.whse可指人或物,修飾名詞或代詞,在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語。“whse+名詞”可改為“the+名詞+f which/whm”或“f which/whm the+名詞”。The bks n the desk,whse cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.桌子上的這些書是給我們的獎品,它們的封面很亮。The huse whse windws are very large is my uncle’s.=The huse f which the windws are very large is my uncle’s.那些窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。
6.as既可指人也可指物,在定語從句中做主語、賓語或表語。(1)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞前常有as,the same,s,such修飾,且在從句中做主語、賓語或表語時,關(guān)系代詞要用as。It was s difficult a prblem as nbdy in my class culd wrk ut.(as做wrk ut的賓語)這個問題很難以至于我們班里沒有人能解出來。注意結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分。It was s difficult a prblem that nbdy in my class culd wrk it ut.(wrk ut 已經(jīng)有賓語,that只起連接作用)
(2)as可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代指整個主句的內(nèi)容,從句中常用的謂語動詞為see,say,hear,expect,knw,reprt等,常譯為“正如,正像”,其引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。The number f smkers,as is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.正如所報道的,吸煙者的數(shù)量在僅僅一年中下降了百分之十七。
7.when指時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語。其先行詞是表示時間的名詞time,day,week,year,mnth等,常用n which,in which,at which,during which等代替。As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time when he shuld be able t be independent.作為家中最小的孩子,亞歷克斯總是渴望自己能夠獨立的日子。I am lking frward t the day when/n which my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her.我一直期盼那一天,我的女兒能夠讀懂這本書并且知道我對她的情感。
8.where 指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞,可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替。The huse where/in which he lives is near the river.他住的房子在河邊。注意高考對where的考查趨于復(fù)雜,先行詞由“明顯的地點”轉(zhuǎn)為“模糊的地點”,或者說“抽象的地點”。這些名詞有:stage,case,psitin,situatin,pint,ccasin,activity等。Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where/in which they can gain experience fr grwth.學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動,在這些活動中他們能獲取成長的經(jīng)驗。
9.why 指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語,可用fr which來替代。why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。Tell me the reasn why/fr which yu came late.告訴我你來晚了的原因。注意用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。?
1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nthing,smething,all,nne,few,little,sme等不定代詞時,或當(dāng)先行詞被every,any,all,sme,n,little,few,much等不定代詞修飾時。We shuld d all that is useful t the peple.我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事情。2.先行詞被the nly,the very,the same,the last等修飾時。This is the last place that I want t visit.這是我最不想?yún)⒂^的地方。
3.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。This is the best nvel that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的一部小說。4.先行詞是數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the third dictinary that I have used.這是我用過的第三本字典。5.當(dāng)先行詞同時含有表示人和物的名詞時。We talked abut the things and persns that we were interested in.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏信d趣的人和事。6.以wh或which開頭的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句,為避免重復(fù)時。Wh is the man that is standing under the tree?站在樹下的那個人是誰?
1.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞只能用指物的which和指人的whm。This is the train by which we went t Beijing.這就是我們?nèi)ケ本┏说哪橇谢疖嚒?.在非限制性定語從句(即通常用逗號與主句隔開,若去掉整個句子仍能表達完整意義的定語從句)中。I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week,which my classmates recmmended t me.上周我從圖書館里借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》這本書,書是我的同學(xué)向我推薦的。
3.指人時,當(dāng)先行詞為everybdy,anybdy,everyne,anyne等時,關(guān)系代詞要用wh,不用that。Is there anyne wh can answer this questin?有誰能回答這個問題?4.先行詞本身是指示代詞that或thse時,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。What’s that which she is lking at?她正在看什么?
1.位置不同。which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后;as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位置較靈活,也就是說as從句可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。It is a truly delightful place,which lks the same as it must have been 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.它確實是一個宜人的地方。與一百年前的樣子一樣,有著彎彎曲曲的小徑和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as yu knw,is an hnest man./Mike is an hnest man,as yu knw./As yu knw,Mike is an hnest man.如你所知,邁克是個誠實的人。
2.先行詞不同。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,其先行詞多為一個句子;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,其先行詞可以是一個詞、一個短語或一個句子。As we all knw,he is very prud.(先行詞為一個句子)眾所周知,他很驕傲。He was prud,which his brther never was.(先行詞是一個詞)他是自大的,而他弟弟從不自大。
3.意義不同。as一般譯為“正如,就像”;which一般譯為“這一點,這件事”。Jhn,as yu knw,is my best friend.正如你所知,約翰是我最好的朋友。He has been t Paris mre than ten times,which I dn’t believe.他已去過巴黎十多次了,這一點我不相信。4.關(guān)系不同。當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時,關(guān)系詞往往只用which。Tm was late fr schl,which made his teacher very angry.湯姆上學(xué)遲到了,這使他老師很生氣。
注意as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中:①as anybdy can see正如大家所看到的那樣②as we had expected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣③as ften happens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣④as has been said befre如之前所述⑤as is mentined abve正如上面所提到的
1.在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞指人時用whm,不可用wh或者that;指物時用which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whse。The persn t whm yu’ll write is Mr.Ball.你將給他寫信的那個人是鮑爾先生。I wish t thank Prfessr Smith,withut whse help I wuld never have gt this far.我想要感謝史密斯教授,沒有他的幫助我不會取得今天的成就。
2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有sme,any,nne,bth,all,neither,mst, each,few等代詞及名詞、數(shù)詞。Her sns,bth f whm wrk abrad,ring her up every week.她的兩個兒子都在國外工作,每周都給她打電話。I live in a huse,the windw f which faces suth.我住在一個房子里,這個房子的窗戶朝南。
3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇可根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配、先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定,有時也需要結(jié)合句意。In the street there wasn’t any persn t whm she culd turn fr help.The bss in whse cmpany my father wrked is a very kind persn.4.“復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,定語從句常和先行詞用逗號分開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。He lives in a big huse,in frnt f which stands a tall apple tree.注意在一些固定搭配的短語動詞中,由于動詞和介詞不能分割,因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。This is the bk(which/that) I’m lking fr.不可以說:This is the bk fr which I’m lking.
5.frm where 雖為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),但也可引導(dǎo)定語從句,where往往指代前面表示具體位置的介詞短語。He std n tp f the hill,frm where he culd see the whle village.(where指代n tp f the hill,指的是“從山頂那個地方看”,而不是指“山”)
1.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。二者都跟在名詞后面,區(qū)別:定語從句修飾先行詞,是對其進行修飾限定;同位語從句則是對前面名詞的解釋說明,是其內(nèi)容。同位語從句前的名詞常為抽象名詞,如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thught。同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo),在從句中不做成分,有時也可以由when,where,hw,why,whether,what等詞引導(dǎo),在從句中充當(dāng)成分。The news that ur team wn made us excited.(ur team wn是news的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)從句的成分,為同位語從句。可理解為:The news was that ur team wn.)The news that he tld me was exciting.(he tld me 缺少一個直接賓語,由that充當(dāng),故為定語從句。不能將其理解為:The news was that he tld me.)
2.定語從句與并列句和簡單句的區(qū)別。區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵是看標點和連接詞。Our class has sixty students,mst f whm study hard.(逗號后為另一個句子,兩個句子之間要用連接代詞whm,為定語從句)Our class has sixty students,and mst f them study hard.(逗號后為另一個句子,且已經(jīng)有并列連詞and,故用them即可,為并列句)Our class has sixty students.Mst f them study hard.(兩句之間為句號,代表兩個獨立的簡單句,故不需要連接詞)
3.定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句前面必有先行詞,而狀語從句(如時間狀語從句和地點狀語從句)則是做整個句子的狀語,前面沒有先行詞。D yu knw the time when he will cme back?(定語從句,前面有先行詞time)I will g shpping when he cmes back.(時間狀語從句,表示主句動作發(fā)生的時間,前面沒有先行詞)Put the bk where it belngs.(地點狀語從句,指的是“放書”的地點,前面無先行詞,因此不能用t which)Put the bk in the place where it belngs.(定語從句,前面有先行詞place)
4.定語從句與強調(diào)句的區(qū)別。當(dāng)it is/was后出現(xiàn)表示地點或時間的名詞時,其后所接的從句是定語從句還是強調(diào)句,要看將it is/was和that(可以先假設(shè))去掉之后句式是否完整(不缺少成分),若句式完整則為強調(diào)句。It was Sunday when he came back.(定語從句)It was n Sunday that he came back.(強調(diào)句式,強調(diào)的是時間狀語n Sunday,去掉It was和that后句式完整)
1.當(dāng)先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式”,且在定語從句中做主語、賓語時,可用關(guān)系代詞which或that;做狀語時,要用in which 或that或不填任何關(guān)系詞。The way(that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult t understand.(做狀語)The way (that/which) he explained t me was nt difficult t understand.(做賓語)2.當(dāng)先行詞為time時,若表示“一段時間”,后面定語從句用when引導(dǎo),也可用at/during which;若表示“次數(shù)”,后面定語從句用that引導(dǎo),that可以省略。There was a time when we had n TV sets.This is the secnd time(that) the president has visited ur cuntry.
Ⅰ.單句填空,　　　　　　 secretary resigned tw weeks ag,has had t d all his wn typing.(2020·天津,單項填空)?whse　句意:Dr.Rwan不得不自己打字,他的秘書兩周前辭職了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,whse在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾Dr.Rwan,whse在從句中做定語,修飾secretary。2.Their child is at the stage 　　　　　　she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.(2019·天津,單項填空)?where　句意:他們的孩子處在一個只會說個別詞語不能說完整句子的階段。先行詞是stage,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做地點狀語,所以填where。
3.We have entered int an age 　　　　　　dreams have the best chance f cming true.(2019·江蘇,單項填空)?when　句意:我們已經(jīng)進入一個夢想最有可能實現(xiàn)的時代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只缺少狀語,根據(jù)先行詞age可知,此處用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。4.I think it’s helpful t put up sme bards alng the turist attractins 　　　　　turists can leave messages.(2018·河北石家莊檢測一)?where　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為定語從句,先行詞為bards,關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點狀語,故填where。
5.Tw f the mst interesting peple I met were tw elderly sisters, Jan and Bernice,　　　　　 way f talking abut peple inspired me.(2018·安徽師大附中高三階段性測試)?whse　先行詞是Jan and Bernice,關(guān)系詞在從句中做定語,故填whse。6.Recently,I thught abut the benefits 　　　　　　reading culd bring us.(2017·河南鄭州高中畢業(yè)年級第三次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)?that/which　that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中做賓語,該從句修飾the benefits。7.　　　　　　 smene nce said,“Art is life.”?As　As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,句意為“正如某人說過的”。故填A(yù)s。
8.He is a famus architect 　　　　　　designs wn an internatinal award last year.?whse　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做定語,修飾designs,意為“……的”,故填whse。9.This is Mary,　　　　　　is taking ver my jb when I leave.?wh　先行詞是Mary,指人,從句中缺少主語。故填wh。10.Summer is the time 　　　　　　peple enjy warm weather.?when　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為the time,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做時間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when。
11.I’m lking at the phtgraph 　　　　　　yu sent me with yur letter.?that/which　先行詞是物phtgraph,且在從句中做賓語,故填that或which。12.He paid the by $10 fr washing ten windws,mst 　　　hadn’t been cleaned fr at least a year.?f which　which的先行詞是windws,windws在從句中當(dāng)介詞f的賓語,介詞后面不能用關(guān)系代詞that,故填f which。
Ⅱ.單句改錯1.There wuld be many activities during the English Week,ne f them is the English Calligraphy Shw.(2019·湖北四地七校聯(lián)考)them→which或在ne前加and　關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中做介詞f的賓語,所以把them改為which。也可在ne前加and構(gòu)成并列句。2.We agreed that it wuld be decided by my dad,whm didn’t return hme frm wrk.(2019·河南中原名校質(zhì)量考評)whm→wh　句中的先行詞為my dad,關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中做主語,故用關(guān)系詞wh。
3.My father,a scientist,wrks t save rare birds,sme f that are really clever and can even say sme wrds.(2019·遼寧葫蘆島協(xié)作校聯(lián)考)that→which　此處為“代詞+f+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。4.I actually kept the light n in my bedrm the whle night,that finally put me at ease.(2019·河南信陽模擬)that→which　關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中做主語,所以用which。5.Being afraid f expressing myself was ne f the reasns when I rarely did well in schl.(2019·廣東 “六校聯(lián)盟”聯(lián)考)when→why　先行詞是reasns,關(guān)系詞做原因狀語,所以用why。
6.My first step is t set small targets what can be reached realistically. (2017·廣東廣州普通高中畢業(yè)班綜合測試)what→which/that　該句為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句,句中small targets為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語,故用which或that。7.The shelter,where is designed fr thusands f traders and shppers,has becme an attractin itself.(2018·河南河北七所名校聯(lián)考)where→which　先行詞是shelter,空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,且在從句中做主語,故把where改為which。
8.He wrte many children’s bks,nearly half f them were published in the 1990s.them→which　句意:他寫了很多本兒童讀物,其中將近一半是于20世紀90年代出版的。此處是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為bks,指物,故把them改為which。9.The results f the experiment prved t be very gd,that was mre than we expected.that→which　句意:實驗的結(jié)果證明很好,這遠遠超出我們的預(yù)期。題干中的逗號前是主句,逗號后是非限制性定語從句,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,因此要把that改為which。which表示主句造成的結(jié)果,代表主句的內(nèi)容。
10.It is knwn t all,the Internet is playing an imprtant part in ur daily life.(2018·湖南師大附中第三次月考)It→As　逗號前為定語從句,所以要用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo);It是指示代詞,不能起到連接的作用;又因這個定語從句在先行詞前,結(jié)合語境可知只能用As,在句首要大寫。
Ⅲ.短文改錯Hi Eva,Srry that I haven’t been in the tuch fr a while.But I catch a cld last week,and I’ve been in bed fr fur day.I’m feeling better tday.Lucky my classes wn’t start till next week.I have gd news.I’m ging t a cnference in yu twn in May,frm 16th t 20th.Culd yu recmmend a htel where is in the centre f the twn?It needs t be smewhere nt t expensive because the tight budget.I’ll have a freely half day fr sightseeing.D yu think yu can shwed me arund?Lking frward t hear frm yu sn.Chris
1.刪除the　be in tuch為固定搭配,意為“聯(lián)系”,不用冠詞。2.catch→caught　根據(jù)該句中的last week可知,該處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事,故用一般過去時,應(yīng)將catch改為caught。3.day→days　根據(jù)該句中的fur可知,后面的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。4.Lucky→Luckily　分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個句子做狀語。5.yu→yur　根據(jù)該句中的名詞twn可知,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞,故用yur。6.where→that/which　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句,先行詞為htel,在從句中做主語,故用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。7.because后加f　根據(jù)名詞短語“the tight budget”可以判斷,此處應(yīng)用固定短語because f,意為“因為,由于”。because后跟句子。