2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復習課件：語法專題10并列連詞和狀語從句

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復習課件：語法專題10并列連詞和狀語從句，共41頁。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.(2020·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)　　　　　 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.?When/As　句意:當他問江岸上的村民在哪里能找到這位傳奇的藝術(shù)家時,他們微笑著指著河的下游。此處表示“當……的時候”,故用When/As。2.(2019·天津,單項填空)Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents’ pinin 　　　　　　he wants their supprt.?unless　句意:湯姆如此獨立,以至于他從不詢問父母的意見,除非他需要他們的支持。unless“除非;如果不”。3.(2019·江蘇,單項填空)The dctr shares his phne number with the patients 　　　　　　case they need medical assistance.?in　句意:醫(yī)生把他的手機號碼告訴了病人們,以防他們需要醫(yī)療救助。in case“以防,以備”。
4.(2018·北京,單項填空)　　　　　 we dn’t stp climate change, many animals and plants in the wrld will be gne.?If　句意:如果我們不阻止氣候變化,世界上許多動植物都會消失。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用if引導條件狀語從句。5.(2016·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)S,get an early start and try t be as prductive 　　　　　　pssible befre lunch.?as　 pssible“盡可能……”,為固定短語。第一個as是副詞,第二個as是連詞。6.(2016·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空) In much f Asia,especially the s-called “rice bwl” cultures f China,Japan,Krea,　　　　　　　 Vietnam, fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.?and　列舉的幾個國家是并列關(guān)系,故用并列連詞and連接。
在句中連接單詞、短語、從句或者句子的詞為連詞。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,連詞通常分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。1.并列連詞按照在句中的作用可分為:表并列關(guān)系的連詞(and,as well as,,nt als...,等)、表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞(but,yet,while等)、表選擇關(guān)系的連詞(r,等)、表因果關(guān)系的連詞(fr,s等)。Give me a chance,and I’ll give yu a wnderful surprise.給我一個機會,我會給你一個很大的驚喜。I was glad t meet Jenny again,but I didn’t want t spend all day with her.我再次見到珍妮很高興,但是我不想整天和她在一起。
2.引導狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有:that,if,as,when,while,till,until, since,after,befre,because,thugh,althugh,,where等。I dn’t really like the authr,althugh I have t admit his bks are very exciting.我實在不喜歡這位作者,盡管我不得不承認他寫的書很激動人心。
1.when,while,as都可譯為“當……的時候”,但側(cè)重點有所不同。當主句動作是瞬時的、從句動作是延續(xù)的,三者都可以用。as強調(diào)主、從句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。while從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,不能是非延續(xù)性動詞。She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we gt hme.我們一邊走她一邊唱,她唱的時候我認真地聽,到家的時候我們感到很高興。2.until 和要與延續(xù)性動詞連用; 要與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。He didn’t g t bed until his father came back.他直到父親回來才上床睡覺。
3.since意為“自從……以來”,其后面所用動詞不同,該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計算方法也不同。It is tw years since he jined the army.(他參軍兩年了。)It is tw years since he smked.(他戒煙兩年了。)4.特殊的時間狀語從句的引導詞the mment,the minute,the instant,the secnd;n ;等以及表示瞬間的directly,immediately等詞,表示“一……就……”,相當于as sn as。n ,結(jié)構(gòu)中n sner和hardly引導的句子通常用過去完成時,而than和when引導的句子通常要用一般過去時;此外,n sner和hardly位于句首時,句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝語序。
Tell him the news the minute yu meet Tm.你一見到湯姆就告訴他這個消息吧。Hardly had I gt hme when it began t rain.我剛到家就開始下雨了。5.by the time 也可以引導時間狀語從句,意為“到……時為止”,主句一般用完成時。By the time he was furteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(從句為一般過去時,主句要用過去完成時)到十四歲的時候,愛因斯坦已經(jīng)自學完高等數(shù)學了。
6.幾組固定形式(1)It will be+一段時間+befre...多久之后才……(2)It is+一段時間+since...自從……以來已有多長時間了。(3)be abut t ;be ;n the pint f 正在/要做……這時……It will be tw days befre he returns.要過兩天他才回來。It is three years since I came here.我來這里三年了。I was ding my hmewrk when my cusin came.我正在做作業(yè),這時候我表弟來了。I was abut t g ut/n the pint f ging ut when the phne rang.我正要出去,這時電話響了。
常用句型:s+形容詞/副詞+that從句s+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句s+many/much/little/few+名詞+that從句such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句He is s yung that he cannt g t schl.他太小了以至于不能上學。It is such fine weather that we all want t g ut fr a walk.天氣這么好,以至于我們都想出去散步。
1.because為常用詞,其語氣最重,且說明的是直接原因,用來回答why引導的問句。2.as,since和nw that語氣較弱,常用來表示一些顯而易見或?qū)Ψ街赖脑?。since意為“既然,鑒于”時不可用as替換。Mark needs t learn Chinese since his cmpany is pening a branch in Beijing.馬克有必要學習漢語了,因為他的公司正在北京開設(shè)分公司。As it’s raining,yu’d better take a taxi.下雨了,你最好乘坐出租車。Since everybdy is here,let’s begin.既然大家都在,那我們就開始吧。
引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有:thugh,althugh,while,even if/thugh,hwever,n matter hw,n matter what,n matter wh等。1.thugh,althugh引導讓步狀語從句時都不能和but連用,但可以同yet(still)連用。Althugh/Thugh all kites have a similar structure,they are widely different in size and shape.盡管所有的風箏都有相似的結(jié)構(gòu),但是它們在尺寸和形狀上有很大的不同。
2.while引導讓步狀語從句時意為“盡管,雖然”,多用于句首。While we are suffering such a severe natural disaster,we will eventually vercme the temprary difficulty as lng as we dn’t lse heart.盡管遭受著如此嚴重的自然災害,但只要不灰心,我們終會克服暫時的困難。
3.as/thugh引導讓步從句時,從句要采用倒裝語序。Child as/thugh he was,he knew what was the right thing t d.他盡管是個孩子,但他知道怎樣做是正確的。Yung as/thugh he is,he is expert in this field.雖然他年輕,但是在這個領(lǐng)域他是專家。 nt意為“無論(是否)”。Whether yu believe it r nt,it is true.不管你信不信,這是真的。
5.hwever+形容詞/副詞=n matter hw+形容詞/副詞...,意為“無論多么……”。One can always manage t d mre things,n matter hw full ne’s schedule is in life.一個人總是可以設(shè)法做更多的事情,不管在生活中時間表安排得有多滿。
條件狀語從句通常分為兩大類:真實條件句和虛擬條件句。引導條件狀語從句的連詞有:if,,as lng as/s lng as,as far as/s far as,prvided/prviding(that),n cnditin that等。1. 如果主句是將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時;如果條件狀語從句中出現(xiàn)過去時及其相應(yīng)時態(tài),則為虛擬條件句,那么主句要用相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣形式。If he had listened carefully,he wuld have dne it better.如果他認真聽講的話,他會做得更好些。
2.unless 相當于,在虛擬條件句中可用,但不能用unless。She says that she’ll have t clse the shp unless business imprves.她說如果生意不見起色的話,她就將店關(guān)了。If yu dn’t have a gd sense f directin,please take a cmpass with yu.如果你沒有好的方向感,請隨身帶一個指南針。
地點狀語從句多用where和wherever引導。Where he nce felt like giving up,he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.在他曾經(jīng)想要放棄的地方,他現(xiàn)在下定決心要推進一步,繼續(xù)前行。
目的狀語從句常用的連詞有s that,in rder that,in case等。1.s that/in rder that 引導的目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞can,culd等。in rder that 引導的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后,而s that引導的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后。Take actin tday s that/in rder that yu wn’t miss yur pprtunity next time.今天就行動起來,這樣下次機會來時你就不會錯過了。
2.in case 所引導的狀語從句中,謂語可以用虛擬語氣,形式為“shuld+動詞原形”,也可以不用虛擬語氣。Yu may leave the key at hme in case ne f us shuld think f/thinks f cming back.你可以把鑰匙留在家里,以免我們中有人想起要回來。
方式狀語從句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as thugh(好像)等引導。The ld lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn.這位老太太對待這個男孩就像是自己的兒子一樣。
比較狀語從句主要由than或as引導。He earns less than his wife des.他掙的錢比他妻子少。I haven’t dne as much as I shuld have liked.我做的沒有我希望的那么好。
Ⅰ.單句填空1.They decide t have mre wrkers fr the prject 　　　　　　it wn’t be delayed.(2020·江蘇,單項填空)?s that　句意:為了不讓工程延期,他們決定讓更多的工人參與這項工程。根據(jù)句意可知,此處用s that連接目的狀語從句。2.She spke s quietly 　　　　　　we culd nt hear her at all frm the secnd rw.?that　s... that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結(jié)果狀語從句,故此處應(yīng)用that。
3.Sctt jined the army sn after his 18th birthday,just 　　　　　　his brther did.?as　根據(jù)句意 “斯科特在18歲生日后很快就參軍了,正如他的哥哥那樣” 可知,此處為just as引導的方式狀語從句,意為“正如……”。4.She had hardly sat dwn 　　　　　　the phne rang.?when　此處為引導時間狀語從句。句意:她剛坐下,電話鈴就響了。5.Have smething t eat.　　　　　　 yu dn’t eat nw,yu’ll be hungry later.?If　根據(jù)句意“如果你現(xiàn)在不吃,隨后就會很餓”可知,此處為if引導的條件狀語從句。
6.Jane fund the keys exactly 　　　　　　Kate said they wuld be.where　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導地點狀語從句,故用連接詞where。7.Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier 　　　　it used t be.?than　根據(jù)空前的much easier可知,此處為than引導的比較狀語從句。8.There were such a lt f things t be discussed at the meeting 　　　　　　we culdn’t finish it n time.?that　意為“如此……以至于……”,引導結(jié)果狀語從句,故此處應(yīng)用that。
9.She bught the phne nly 　　　　　　her sister had ne.?because　根據(jù)句意“她買了一部手機,只是因為她的姐姐有一部手機”可知,her sister had ne做原因狀語,故用because。10.N sner had he arrived in Rme 　　　　　　he was arrested.?than　此處為n 引導的時間狀語從句。句意:他剛到羅馬就被逮捕了。
11.　　　　　　 scientists have learned a lt abut the universe,there is much we still dn’t knw.Thugh/Althugh/While　句意:雖然科學家們對宇宙有了很多了解,但是仍然有許多東西我們不知道。句中的逗號前后皆為句子,因此空格處應(yīng)填連詞;根據(jù)句意前后為讓步關(guān)系,故填Thugh/Althugh/While引導讓步狀語從句,意為“雖然”。?
12.If yu miss this chance,it may be years　　　　　　 yu get anther ne.?befre　句意:如果你錯過這次機會,可能再過數(shù)年你才會得到另一次機會。此處考查句型“it may be+時間段+befre...”,表示“可能要過……才……”。
13.I believe yu will have a wnderful time here 　　　　　　yu get t knw everyne else.?
nce/if/when　分析句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系可以看出,“yu get t knw everyne else”是“yu will have a wnderful time”的前提,所以句子后半部分應(yīng)該是一個條件或者時間狀語從句。因此空格處可以填nce/if/when。句意:我相信一旦/如果/當你認識了這里其他所有的人,你會過得開心的。
14.He is a shy man,　　　　　　 he is nt afraid f anything r anyne.?but　句意:他是一個靦腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后兩句在內(nèi)容上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以填but。15.Vicky came back early last night.It was nt yet nine ’clck　　　　　　 she arrived hme.?when　句意:維姬昨晚回來得早。她到家時還沒到九點。It is/was+具體時間+when引導的時間狀語從句,表示“當……的時候”。16.The explsin rcked the lake with such a frce　　　　　　dead fish immediately began t surface.?that　句意:爆炸威力巨大,晃動了湖,以至于死魚立刻開始漂上來?！叭绱恕灾劣凇?that引導結(jié)果狀語從句。
17.Sme animals carry seeds frm ne place t anther,　　　 plants can spread t new places.?s　句意:一些動物把種子從一處帶到另一處,這樣植物就能傳播到新的地方。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示結(jié)果。故用s來連接并列句。18.Yu will never gain success 　　　　　　yu are fully devted t yur wrk.?unless　句意:如果你不能全身心地投入工作,你就永遠不可能取得成功。unless在此處引導條件狀語從句,意為“如果不,除非”。19.Half an hur later,Lucy still culdn’t get a taxi　　　　　　 the bus had drpped her.?where　句意:半小時過去了,露西在下公交車的地方仍然沒有打到出租車。where在此處引導地點狀語從句,表示謂語動作發(fā)生的地點。
20.It was the middle f the night 　　　　　　my father wke me up and tld me t watch the ftball game.?when　句意:在午夜,爸爸將我叫醒讓我看足球賽。when引導時間狀語從句,表示“當……時候”。
Ⅱ.單句改錯1.Firstly,find mre chances t listen mre and speak mre,r yu will find it easier t learn Chinese.r→and　句意:首先,找更多的機會多聽多說,這樣你會發(fā)現(xiàn)學習漢語更容易。根據(jù)句意可知,此處為“祈使句+and+一般將來時的句子”句型,故應(yīng)用and。
2.But fr nw,they all have t pstpne their plans if the winter strms pass.if→until/till　句意:但是就現(xiàn)在來說,他們都得把他們的計劃推遲到冬季風暴結(jié)束時實施。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示“直到……”,故把if改為till/until。
3.Early in the mrning,I didn’t want t g t schl,but I pretended t feel ill.but→s　句意:一大早我不想上學,因而假裝生病。前后句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用并列連詞s。4.Fr anther,I’m gd at bth English r Fine Arts.r→and　是固定搭配。5.If we want t be treated well,and we shuld treat thers well t.刪除and　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,if引導條件狀語從句,后面為主句,連詞and多余。
6.The real mment began befre I std n the platfrm with my legs trembling r my mind blank.befre→when/as/after　根據(jù)語境可知,此處指當站在臺上時或站在臺上后。r→and　句中my legs trembling和my mind blank是兩個并列發(fā)生的動作,不表示選擇,故用并列連詞and。7.She had nt studied Chinese befre arriving here,but she has sme difficulty cmmunicating with peple.but→s　句意:她來中國之前沒學過漢語,所以跟人交流起來有困難。故應(yīng)用連詞s表示因果關(guān)系。
8.In the afternn,I went t the train statin and managed t buy tw tickets fr my grandparents but there was a lng queue.but→thugh/althugh　句意:盡管隊伍很長,我下午還是去火車站設(shè)法幫爺爺奶奶買到了兩張票。此處表讓步關(guān)系,故用thugh或althugh。9.Annyed,he sat by a path f the muntain while a farmer carrying a large bunch f firewd came dwn frm the muntain.while→when　while引導的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞,而came dwn表示短暫性動作,故用when引導時間狀語從句。
10.Peple used t cmmunicate with each ther thrugh letters and public phnes.S nwadays they use mbile phnes and the Internet instead.S→But　根據(jù)語境可知,上下句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用連詞But。11.It’ll be minutes after yu get their reply. after→befre　此處為固定句型 “it will be+時間段+befre...”,意為“多久以后……”,故用befre引導時間狀語從句。12.My mum wrried a lt,s everything went smthly.s→but　前半句說母親很擔心,后半句說一切順利;前后分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。13.Inside it,I fund sme mney r a card with a phne number.r→and　根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示邏輯上的并列關(guān)系,故用連詞and。
14.Or perhaps they just want t cnnect with us and are ding it all wrng.and→but　句意:也許他們只是想和我們溝通,但是他們?nèi)鲥e了。前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用but。15.Like many small twns in the suthern area,which has a lt f small bridges ging ver clean streams.which→it　由該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“Like many small twns in the suthern area”為該句的狀語,句子缺少主語;該句不是定語從句,故將which改為it。16.I didn’t begin t like ur huse parents when smething happened ne night.when→until　表示“直到……才”,為固定搭配。句意:直到一天晚上發(fā)生了一件事情,我才開始喜歡我們的宿管。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(2018·全國Ⅱ)When I was little,Friday’s night was ur family game night.After supper,we wuld play card games f all srt in the sitting rm.As the kid,I lved t watch cartns,but n matter hw many times I asked t watching them,my parents wuld nt t let me.They wuld say t us that playing card games wuld help my brain.Still I unwilling t play the games fr them smetimes.I didn’t realize hw right my parents are until I entered high schl.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned ut t be very useful later in my life.
1.Friday’s→Friday　“‘s”主要加在用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞之后來表示所有關(guān)系,而此處僅僅表示周五晚上,沒有所屬的意思,故將Friday’s改為Friday。2.srt→srts　空前有all修飾,且srt為可數(shù)名詞,故用其復數(shù)形式,意為“各種各樣的”。3.the→a　根據(jù)句意可知,此處“kid”并非特指,故the改為a。4.watching→watch　ask t d sth.意為“要求做某事”,故將watching改為watch。5.刪掉let前面的t　此處wuld是will的過去式,其后面應(yīng)接動詞原形,故應(yīng)將t刪掉。6.us→me　根據(jù)前文的“me”可知,父母會對“我”說,而不是“我們”,故將us改為me。