2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題2代詞

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題2代詞，共43頁。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
its　由后面的名詞plans可知,此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞。故用its。
1.(2020·全國Ⅰ,語篇填空)Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin,such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains,culd help China decide whether 　　　　　(it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.?
2.(2019·天津卷,單項填空) A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than 　　　　　　wh are nt.?thse　句意:一項研究表明參與課外活動的學(xué)生比那些不參與的更快樂。這里指那些不參與課外活動的學(xué)生們,所以用thse。3.(2018·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)When the grillas and I frightened each ther,I was just glad t find 　　　　　(they) alive.?them　分析句子成分可知,所填的詞做find 的賓語,故用代詞的賓格them。
4.(2017·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Hwever,the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths,mre than 25,000 peple were using 　　　　　every day.?it　it在這里指代前面提到的名詞the railway。5.(2016·四川,語篇填空)By that time,the panda n lnger needed 　　　　　(it) mther fr fd.?its　its在此處修飾其后的名詞mther,故此處用it的形容詞性物主代詞its做定語。
注意①形容詞性物主代詞通常用作定語,修飾名詞,如:her father她的父親。②“f(介詞)+名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格,如:a friend f mine我的一個朋友。
1.指代時間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。如:It is half past tw nw.現(xiàn)在兩點半。(指時間)It is 6 miles t the nearest hspital.離最近的醫(yī)院有六英里。(指距離)It is very cld in the rm.房間很冷。(指溫度)
2.指代前面所提到過的事物、群體、想法、性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人或動物、未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。如:—Wh’s that at the dr?——門口那人是誰?—It is the milkman.——是送奶工。(it指代性別不明或性別被認(rèn)為不重要的人)—I’ve brken a plate.——我打碎了一個盤子?！狪t(=Breaking the plate) desn’t matter.——沒關(guān)系。(it指前面所提到過的事情)
3.it可以用作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放在后面,真正的主語或賓語往往由從句、動詞-ing形式和不定式充當(dāng)。如:It is said that all f them have gne t the cinema.據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。N matter where he is,he makes it a rule t g ut fr a walk befre breakfast.無論在哪兒,他總是習(xí)慣在早餐前出去散步。
4.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞(短語),尤其是表示好惡的動詞(短語)后面,如:enjy,like,lve,dislike,hate,dn’t mind,be fnd f,feel like,see t后,即這些動詞(短語)后面的賓語從句前要加it。如:I’d appreciate it if yu culd help me.如果你能幫我,我會感激不盡。5.it的固定結(jié)構(gòu):make it;get it;see t it that;put it。如:If yu put yur heart int it,yu can make it.如果你全心全意地去做,你會成功的。
1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名詞常由the,this,that等修飾。ne泛指上文提到的同類事物中的一個,不特指,相當(dāng)于a/an+單數(shù)名詞;nes泛指上文提到的同類事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞;the ne特指前面的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),有時可以用that來代替(尤其是后面有后置定語時);the nes特指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,有時可以用thse代替,尤其在有后置定語的情況下。that特指前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于“the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”;that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式為thse,替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),既可指人也可指物。
Yesterday I lst my pen and I culdn’t find it.S I had t buy ne.(it指代my pen;ne替代a pen)昨天我丟了鋼筆而且沒找到。所以我不得不再買一支。The bks n the desk are better than thse/the nes under the desk.(thse/the nes替代the bks)桌子上的書要比桌子下面的好。N pleasure can equal that f a cl drink n a ht day.沒有什么能比得上在炎熱的天氣里喝上一杯冷飲那樣快樂。(that替代pleasure)
2.that和ne的主要區(qū)別:that既可替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也可替代不可數(shù)名詞,常有后置定語,一般不指人,復(fù)數(shù)形式為thse;ne只能替代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)形式為nes。當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有形容詞修飾時,只能用ne,不用that。當(dāng)f短語做可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)的后置定語時,用that,不用ne。The quality f educatin in this small schl is better than that in sme larger schls.這所規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量比一些規(guī)模較大的學(xué)校好。If yu’re buying tday’s paper frm the stand,culd yu get ne fr me?如果你從攤上買今天的報紙,能給我捎一份嗎?(ne替代a paper 一份報紙)
指示代詞是用來指代或標(biāo)記人或事物的代詞,有this,that,these,thse。this,that是單數(shù),these,thse是復(fù)數(shù)。指示代詞可以在句中做主語、賓語、表語和定語等。This is what I want t say.這就是我想要說的。That was twenty years ag.那是二十年前的事了。These are nt my bks.這些不是我的書。Thse are her papers.那些是她的試卷。
1.bth(兩者都),either(兩者中的任何一個),neither(兩者都不)。以上這些詞使用范圍為兩者。Jhn and Mary have bth wn the prizes.約翰和瑪麗都得了獎。I’ve lived in New Yrk and Chicag,but dn’t like either f them very much.我曾經(jīng)在紐約和芝加哥居住過,但是這兩個城市我都不是很喜歡。The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey,but neither cntained any useful suggestins.這個調(diào)查組在調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上提供了兩份報告,但是沒有一份包含有用的建議。
2.bth與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,either與單數(shù)名詞連用。There are flwers n bth sides f the street.街道兩旁都有花。There are flwers n either side f the street.街道的每一邊都有花。
3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一個),nne(都不)。以上詞使用范圍為三者或三者以上。All the students in my class like ur teachers.我們班的所有學(xué)生都喜歡我們的老師。Althugh Rsemary had suffered frm a serius illness fr years,she lst nne f her enthusiasm fr life.雖然羅斯瑪麗患上這種嚴(yán)重的疾病多年,但是她一點兒也沒有失去對生活的熱情。4.each可指兩者,也可指兩者以上。They each have a car.他們都有車。
1.n不能單獨使用,相當(dāng)于nt a或nt any,做定語修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。He has n wrry abut safety.他一點也不為安全擔(dān)心。2.nne既可以指人,也可以指物,側(cè)重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可與介詞f連用,用于回答hw many/much引導(dǎo)的疑問句?！狧w many peple are there in the rm?房間里有多少人?—Nne.沒有人。
3.nbdy指人,用于回答wh引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nthing指物,用于回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。The meeting will be held in September,but nbdy knws the date fr sure.這次會議將在9月舉行,但沒人知道確切的日期?！猈hat are yu ding?你正在做什么?—Nthing.沒干什么。
1.anther既可以單獨使用,也可以用于單數(shù)名詞前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個人或物”。還可以用于“anther+數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中,表示“再,又”。Recycling is ne way t prtect the envirnment;reusing is anther.循環(huán)利用是保護環(huán)境的一種方式,重新利用是另一種方式。Yu have t wait fr anther three weeks.你還得等待三周。2.ther 可用作形容詞,意思為“別的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。Yu can ask ther peple t help yu.你可以讓其他人幫你。
3.the ther指兩個人或物中的一個,不能用anther,此時ther為代詞。The ld man has tw sns.One is a teacher;the ther is a dctr.這位老人有兩個兒子。一個是老師,另一個是醫(yī)生。4.the ther 后可接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不接不可數(shù)名詞。此時ther為形容詞。On the ther side f the street,there is a tall tree.在街道的另一邊,有一棵高樹。He is taller than the ther students in his class.他比班里其他學(xué)生都高。
5.thers 是ther的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指“另外幾個;其他的”。thers不能做定語,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,相當(dāng)于“ther+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”;the thers相當(dāng)于“the ther+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,指剩下的全部。In sme cuntries,peple eat with chpsticks,while in thers,knives and frks.在一些國家,人們用筷子吃飯,而在另一些國家,人們用刀子和叉子。Tw students in ur class failed,but all the thers passed the exam.班里兩個學(xué)生沒及格,但其他學(xué)生全部通過了考試。
everyne/everybdy意為“每個人”;smene/smebdy意為“某人,有人”,其特殊含義是“有價值的人或者重要的人”;anyne/anybdy意為“任何人,無論誰”;nbdy意為“沒有人,無人,誰也不”。everything意為“每件事;所有事物”;smething意為“某事/物”,其特殊含義是“大致;……左右;有價值的事物或者重要的事物”;anything意為“任何事物”;nthing意為“沒有”。Yu can ask anyne fr help.Everyne here is willing t lend yu a hand.你可以向任何人求助。這兒的每個人都愿意幫助你。Smebdy has parked his car right in frnt f mine.有人將車子正好停在我的車子前面。
He was such a fast talker that nbdy culd understand him.他講話很快,沒有人能聽懂?！狧ave yu figured ut hw much the trip will cst?—$4,000,r smething like that.——你算出這次旅程會花多少錢了嗎?——四千美元,或者大約那樣的數(shù)目。A smile csts nthing,but gives much.微笑花費不了什么,卻給予很多。
常見搭配:nthing but只不過anything but絕不;根本不smething f有點兒……;在某種程度上是nthing t d with和……沒關(guān)系fr nthing免費;白白地;白費;無緣無故地
nne,n ne,nbdy,nthing,neither,nt any 以及“n+名詞”均表示全部否定;但當(dāng)nt 與表示全部肯定的不定代詞連用時,不管nt的位置在其前還是其后,都表示部分否定。Nne f them smke.他們都不吸煙。Such a persn can’t be fund everywhere.(部分否定)這種人并非隨處可見。
Ⅰ.單句填空1.Many peple called Cha a “her” even thugh he cnsidered 　　　　　　(he) a writer f her stries.(2019·重慶一中高三期中測試)?himself　句意:許多人稱查為“英雄”,盡管他認(rèn)為他是英雄故事的作者。句子的賓語和主語指的是同一人,所以用反身代詞。2.Realizing it was ur last high schl sprts meeting,we decided t make 　　　　　　　　an unfrgettable experience fr all f us.(2019·河北邯鄲一中質(zhì)檢)?it　所填的詞指代前面的ur last high schl sprts meeting,所以填代詞it。
3.While making a chice frm varius ways f spending the time,we ught t ensure smething that restres 　　　　　　(we) lst energy.(2019·山東泰安模擬)?ur　所填的詞做定語,修飾lst energy,所以用形容詞性物主代詞。4.Five years later,I fund 　　　　　　(I) wrking in the ffices f a mvie cmpany.(2019·浙江杭州?？??myself　句意:五年后,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一家電影公司的辦公室工作。賓語和主語指的是同一個人,故填反身代詞。5.Scientists researching 　　　　　　(it) effect n ur mds are beginning t understand that we can influence ur feelings with what we eat.(2019·湖南六校聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)?its　由名詞effect可知,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。
6.Originating in China,tea has lng established 　　　　　　(it) as the natinal drink f this cuntry.(2019·河南鄭州高中畢業(yè)第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)?itself　此處填的代詞與句子主語tea形成互指關(guān)系,故用反身代詞。7.Taxis are certainly the mst cnvenient means f transprt,as 　　　　　requires little effrt t raise yur arm t call a cab.?it　此處的it為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的t raise yur arm t call a cab。8.I dn’t like science fictin nvels much.When yu’ve read 　　　　　,yu’ve read them all.?ne　此處用ne泛指前面提到的同類事物中的一個。
9.The cuple had ne bilgical child and adpted three 　　　　　.thers　thers是ther的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示泛指,本句意為“這對夫婦有一個親生孩子,領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了三個孩子”。10.Mark whispered s sftly that 　　　　　but Julie heard him.?nne　此處nne表示“沒有人”,強調(diào)數(shù)量為零。11.They had gne t a great deal f expense fr 　　　　　　　.?nthing　根據(jù)句意“他們白白犧牲了很多東西”可知,應(yīng)用nthing,意為“沒有東西”。12.This result is nly slightly different frm 　　　　　btained in the US.?that　that代替result,表示特指。that往往用來指代上文提到的事物,this指下文要陳述的事物。
13.The cells f the bdy,especially 　　　　　　f the brain,can live nly minutes withut circulating bld.?thse　thse用來替代the cells,特指大腦那些細(xì)胞,因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。14.If yu dn’t build yur dream,smene will hire yu t build 　　　　　　(they).?theirs　句意:如果你不構(gòu)建自己的夢想,那么就會有人雇用你去構(gòu)建他們的夢想。本空在句中做build的賓語,與前面的build yur dream呼應(yīng),表示build their dreams,因此應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞theirs代替their dreams。15.“One time I asked her,why is 　　　(me) listening cmprehensin s bad?” Mr.Zuckerberg said.?my　句意:扎克伯格先生說:“有一次,我問她,為什么我的聽力理解如此差?”此處修飾listening cmprehensin,故用my。
Ⅱ.單句改錯1.When I was in high schl,mst f my friends had a bicycle.I hped I culd als have it.it→ne　此處指代a bicycle,所以用ne。ne用來代替上文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表示泛指。
2.I’ve learnt frm the ntice that yu’re lking fr an English editr fr us schl paper.us→ur　此處做定語修飾schl paper,表示“我們學(xué)校的報紙”,應(yīng)用ur。3.But it’s difficult fr me t decide what activities we shuld rganize and hw t plan it.第二個it →them　plan后應(yīng)跟一個指代前面的activities的代詞,為復(fù)數(shù)形式,做plan的賓語,故應(yīng)用賓格代詞them。
4.Once yu get int a bad habit,yu’ll find it hard t get rid f them.them→it　此處代指a bad habit,故用it。5.I decided t tell my parents it was the fault f the cat fr fear that she shuld punish me.she→they　本處代指“我父母”,應(yīng)用they。
6.I’d like t intrduce Sarah t yu.She is a gd friend f me.
me→mine　她是“我”的一個好朋友。此處應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine,相當(dāng)于my friends。
7.That is knwn t us that respect fr ne’s parents is ne f Chinese traditinal mral values.That→It　It is knwn t us that...為固定句式,表示“我們都知道,眾所周知”,其中it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語,故改為it。8.We ften think f themselves as the centre f their family.We→They　根據(jù)下文themselves和their的提示可知,應(yīng)改為They。
9.I gt the news frm the newspaper that yu need an art editr fr ur magazine.ur→yur　根據(jù)句意“你的雜志需要一個美術(shù)編輯”可知此處指“你的”。故改為yur。
Ⅲ.語篇填空Emily sits by her desk.She studies fr an exam.Actually,she frces 1.　　　　　　　 t study fr that exam,since what she really wants t d is g utside and play sccer!?Her friend Kelly is by her windw.She thrws a little stne at it and then calls,“Is there 2.　　　　　　　 hme?”?“Yes,I am here!” Emily answers.“This is s unfair!I want t be utside with 3.　　　　　 and nt here with these bring bklets(小冊子)!”?“Whatever yu are ding with thse bring bklets,yu shuld cme ut and play with us!”Kelly calls back.
“I can’t d 4.　　 　　　,” Emily says sadly.“This exam f 5.　　　　　 is tmrrw,s nw I need t study fr it.” She takes the stne that Kelly threw in,and sends it flying utside.Then she clses the windw.She knws that everybdy else has studied already, and nw 6. 　　　　　 f them are playing utside.?“Well,” she thinks t herself,“it is my test,and I myself have t study fr it.I knw that Kelly wants t help me,but nt this time.We can help 7.　　　　　 ther with ther things.”?She takes anther lk at her tw bklets.She tries t read a page f the first bklet,and then a page f the 8. 　　　　　.Bth are bring.“9.　　　　　　? f yu is interesting!” she tells them seriusly.?
“What can I d?” she thinks t herself.“I really have enugh!”Suddenly,a great idea cmes t her mind.“I knw!” she thinks,“I’ll make a drawing f everything I read!I like t draw,and drawings will make it interesting!”She grabs her pencil and happily begins t draw.Mre and mre is drawn n her ntebk,and after tw hurs she finishes her bklets.She is tired but happy,and she can finally g ut t play.“Where is 10.　　　　　　　??” she asks herself.Emily ntices it is dark already.“I guess they all went hme ...”?Suddenly her drbell rings.Kelly and the rest f her friends are there.They are all tired and they want t watch a mvie tgether.Emily is very happy.She can nw enjy a mvie with her friends!
1.herself　艾米莉在強迫自己學(xué)習(xí),因此用反身代詞herself。2.anybdy/anyne　此處是一般疑問句,意為“有人在家嗎?”,故用anybdy或anyne。3.yu　艾米莉和凱莉在對話,故用yu指代凱莉。4.that　此處that指代上文凱莉給出的建議,意為“我不能那樣做”。5.mine　此處在該句中做主語,由上文的this exam f可知,應(yīng)該用名詞性物主代詞mine。6.all　由上文的everybdy可知,所有人都已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)好了,故用all指代所有人。7.each　句意:我們可以在別的事情上互相幫助。each ther是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“相互”。
8.ther　根據(jù)上文的tw bklets,the first bklet及下文的bth可知,艾米莉有兩本小冊子,故用the ther指兩本小冊子中的一本。9.Neither　上文提到了兩本小冊子,否定兩者用neither。10.everybdy/everyne　根據(jù)下文的they all went hme可知,此處用everybdy或everyne指代所有的在外面玩耍的小伙伴。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(2017·河南鄭州高中畢業(yè)第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Last weekend we went fr camping in the muntains with ur teacher,Anna.When we arrived,we made a camp fire first.Then,Anna taught us t catch fish s that they culd have mre fd t eat that night.I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up highly in the sky and the mn lked bright.We all sat arund the fire,listening Anna’s stries abut her childhd.She was brn int a pr family r she wrked very hard t be successful.I was very tuched that I culdn’t sleep the whle night,thught abut being a teacher in the future.When I get hme,I said t my parents,“Everything was great abut the camping.I want t be the teacher like Anna in the future.”
1.刪除fr　g camping表示“野營”,故介詞fr多余。2.they→we　與上文人稱代詞we保持一致,故此處應(yīng)用we。3.airs→air　air在此處表示“空氣”,是不可數(shù)名詞,故沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.highly→high　highly做副詞表示抽象概念,high做副詞表示具體概念。結(jié)合語境可知,星星懸掛在高空中,是一個具體概念,故用high。5.listening后加t　listen為不及物動詞,其后接賓語要加介詞t。6.r→and/s　根據(jù)語境可知,上下文表示邏輯上的并列或因果關(guān)系,故用and或s。7.very→s　根據(jù)固定句型“如此……以至于……”可知,應(yīng)用副詞s。