2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題6動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語法專題6動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，共60頁。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點(diǎn)歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.(2020·全國Ⅰ,語篇填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe(探測(cè)器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—　　　　　　?(tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.tuched　分析句子成分可知,主語為The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe,設(shè)空處為謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)空后的last week可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。2.(2020·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(畫像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their finest wrk,s that he culd chse the best.The artist was sure he wuld 　　　　　　　?(chse),but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister,the ld man laughed.?be chsen　wuld后需跟動(dòng)詞原形,主語he與謂語動(dòng)詞chse之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用be chsen。
3.(2019·全國Ⅰ,語篇填空)In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut 　　　　　　　　　(reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements,leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing.?have reprted　根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語In recent years可知,謂語動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是復(fù)數(shù),所以填have reprted。4.(2019·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene 　　　　　　(declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36-year-ld business.?declared　根據(jù)下文的“she had n plans...”可知,此處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時(shí)。
5.(2018·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Since 2011,the cuntry 　　　　　(grw) mre crn than rice.?has grwn　根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知,句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是the cuntry,故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。6.(2018·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)True t a grilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 　　　　　(mean) me n real harm.?meant　分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少謂語,由于講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以要用一般過去時(shí)。7.(2017·全國Ⅰ,語篇填空)When fat and salt 　　　　　　(remve) frm fd,the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.?are remved　remve是及物動(dòng)詞,與fat and salt有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài);由下文tastes可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);又因?yàn)橹髡Zfat and salt為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填are remved。
8.(2017·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Steam engines 　　　　　　　　　(use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers,with all the smke and nise.?were used　use和Steam engines之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9.(2017·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Later,engineers 　　　　　　(manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels(隧道),which became knwn as the Tube.?managed　根據(jù)后面的became可知,這里用一般過去時(shí)。
10.(2017·全國Ⅲ,語篇填空)Sarah 　　　　　　　　　　(tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel,earning a millin dllars in the next year.?has been tld/was tld　根據(jù)句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式,故填has been tld或was tld。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要由動(dòng)詞的原形表示,當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞形式一般由動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es構(gòu)成。其變化規(guī)則如下:
2.表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、現(xiàn)在反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He ges t schl every day.他每天去上學(xué)。(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作)He is very happy.他很高興。(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))3.表示永恒的狀態(tài)或真理。 “Life is like walking in the snw,” Granny used t say,“because every step shws.”祖母過去常說:“人生就像在雪中行走,因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉紩?huì)留下痕跡?！盩he mn mves arund the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
4.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí),從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用將來時(shí)。When I have time,I’ll g.我有時(shí)間就去。Unless sme extra mney is fund,the theatre will clse.除非能再弄到些錢,否則劇院將關(guān)閉。
5.時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表、節(jié)目單、課程表等按規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)?！猄 what is the prcedure?—All the applicants are interviewed befre a final decisin is made by the authrity.——那程序是怎么安排的呢?——在職權(quán)部門做最后的決定之前所有的申請(qǐng)人都要參加面試。The train leaves at 8 ’clck.火車將于8點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)車。
1.will表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。It is reprted that a new space statin will be built in years t cme.據(jù)報(bào)道在以后的幾年里要建一個(gè)新的空間站。Fish will die withut water.魚離開水就會(huì)死掉。
2.be ging t(1)表示現(xiàn)在打算或計(jì)劃將來要做的事。We are ging t have a meeting tday.今天我們要開個(gè)會(huì)。(2)表示根據(jù)某種跡象認(rèn)為在最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生的事。It is ging t rain.天要下雨了。
3.be t(1)表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。Are we t g n with this wrk?我們要繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎?(2)表示說話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。We are t take care f the children.我們應(yīng)該照顧好孩子們。(3)表示注定要發(fā)生的事情。Her plan is t be a failure.她的計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
4.be abut t表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,可與when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。The plane is abut t leave.飛機(jī)即將起飛。5.will與be ging t的區(qū)別will多表示說話時(shí)才做出的決定,或臨時(shí)決定做某事。be ging t表示事先經(jīng)過考慮或做好安排將要做某事?！猈hat time is it?—I have n idea.But just a minute,I will check it fr yu.——現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?——我不知道。但是稍等一會(huì)兒,我?guī)湍愦_認(rèn)一下。
1.一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,其變化規(guī)則如下:
2.表示過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或者過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Finally he reached a beautiful island which was cvered with red flwers and green grass.最后他到了一座美麗的島嶼,那里到處是紅花綠草?！狧aven’t seen yu fr ages!Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr ne year,teaching as a vlunteer.——很長時(shí)間沒有見你了!你去哪兒了?——我去寧夏待了一年,作為一個(gè)志愿者在那里教學(xué)。I read several f M Yan’s wrks when I was studying abrad.我在國外讀書的時(shí)候讀了莫言的好幾部作品。
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的變化規(guī)則如下:
2.由“be+v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成,表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?！狧i,let’s g skating!—Srry,I’m busy right nw.I am filling in an applicatin frm fr a new jb.——嗨,我們?nèi)セ?——很抱歉,我現(xiàn)在很忙。我正在填申請(qǐng)新工作的表格。
3.g,cme,leave,arrive,return,stp,start,begin,meet等動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I’m leaving fr Beijing tmrrw.明天我要到北京去。4.與always,cnstantly,frever,cntinually,all the time 等連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有不滿、抱怨或者贊賞等感情色彩。He is always helping thers.他總是幫助別人。5.進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示漸變過程。His health is imprving every day.他的健康狀況每天都有好轉(zhuǎn)。
6.下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞:like,lve,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。(2)表示存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。(3)表示短暫性、一次性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞:allw,accept,remember,permit,prmise,admit,cmplete等。(4)感官動(dòng)詞:see,hear,ntice,feel,smell,sund,taste,lk等。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其使用通常有兩種情況:1.所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成,而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響,句中沒有具體的時(shí)間狀語?！狾h,n!We’re t late.The train has left.—That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train t Lndn.——哦!不!我們太晚了?；疖囈呀?jīng)開走了?！獩]關(guān)系。我們將乘坐下一列通往倫敦的火車。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常與fr...和 since...等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或 s far等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語連用。In the last few years,China has made great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.在過去的幾年中,中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了重大成就?！狧ave yu heard f the accident n this rad last night?—Yes.And there have been three accidents here s far this year.——昨天晚上這條公路上發(fā)生的事故你聽說了嗎?——聽說了。今年到現(xiàn)在為止這里已經(jīng)發(fā)生三起事故了。注意有些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的詞,如 cme,g,die,marry,buy等用于完成時(shí)中不能與fr,since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。
3.還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)此動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。I’ll g t yur hme when I have finished my hmewrk.我做完了作業(yè)就去你家。Dn’t get ff the bus until it has stpped.公交車停穩(wěn)才能下車。
表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或者過去某個(gè)階段正在做的事情。She was phning smene,s I ndded t her and went away.她當(dāng)時(shí)正在給別人打電話,因此我朝她點(diǎn)了一下頭就走開了。In 1980 he was studying in a university.1980年時(shí),他正在一所大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。
表示從過去就預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài),這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語從句中,主句常用一般過去時(shí)。We never imagined that Jhn wuld becme a dctr.我們從未想過約翰會(huì)成為一名醫(yī)生。James has just arrived,but I didn’t knw he was cming until yesterday.詹姆斯剛到,但直到昨天我才知道他要來。
1.表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可以表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間,即“過去的過去”。I fund the lecture hard t fllw because it had started when I arrived.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我聽不懂這個(gè)講座,因?yàn)槲襾淼臅r(shí)候它已經(jīng)開始了。2.表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had hped/planned/meant/intended/thught/wanted/expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞的過去式接不定式的完成式表示,即:hped/planned...+t have dne。I had hped t send him a pstcard,but I frgt t d s.我本來想寄給他一張明信片,但我忘了。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/has been+v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成,用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作,它具備“未完性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩”等特點(diǎn)。The manager has been telling the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 am.自從上午9點(diǎn),經(jīng)理就一直在跟工人們講如何改進(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。It has been raining fr 2 days.雨已經(jīng)下了兩天了。(表達(dá)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩)
1.一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間上有差異:凡有明確的過去時(shí)間的均用一般過去時(shí),不能用完成時(shí),如含有ag,last year,just nw,the ther day。結(jié)果上有差異:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果,動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。I came t Beijing last year,and have been here since then.我去年來的北京,自從那時(shí)起我一直在這里。
2.一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系,都表示過去的動(dòng)作。但一般過去時(shí)只涉及一個(gè)純過去的動(dòng)作;而過去完成時(shí)指的是相對(duì)于過去的某一特定時(shí)間更早發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,即過去完成時(shí)至少涉及兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作。When I gt t the party,many f them had left fr hme.當(dāng)我到達(dá)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候,他們中的許多人已經(jīng)離開回家了。
3.一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)盡管二者所表示的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去,但一般過去時(shí)著重強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作,表示已經(jīng)結(jié)束。而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)僅表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,有什么樣的結(jié)果不得而知。He wrte three letters last night.他昨晚寫了三封信。(表示他寫了三封信,暗指都已寫完)He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night.昨晚九點(diǎn),他正在寫信。(表示當(dāng)時(shí)他在寫信,后來是否寫完就未知了)
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作已完成,著重結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。I have painted my new huse.我已經(jīng)給我的新房子上完漆了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成)I have been painting my new huse.我一直在給我的新房子上漆。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還在繼續(xù))(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示反復(fù)性。Have yu been meeting ur teacher these days?這些天來你一直見到我們老師嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的反復(fù))Have yu met ur teacher recently?近來你見過我們的老師嗎?(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
,n 句型中,主句中用過去完成時(shí),從句中用一般過去時(shí)。Hardly had I pened the dr when Tm came in.我剛一開門,湯姆就進(jìn)來了。2.since,in the last/past+一段時(shí)間,s far,recently等常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配。Great changes have taken place in ur cuntry in the last few years.我們國家過去的幾年發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
3.This/That/It is/was the +that從句,若主句中為is,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);若為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)。This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema tgether as a family.這是我們?nèi)胰说谝淮我黄鸬诫娪霸嚎措娪啊?.“by+時(shí)間狀語”要與完成時(shí)搭配使用。Yu will have learned abut 3,000 wrds by the end f next mnth.到下月底你(們)將已學(xué)習(xí)3000個(gè)單詞。
5.It+“要過……才”或“在……以后才”。在這個(gè)句型中,若be動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),則befre 從句中常用一般過去時(shí);若be動(dòng)詞用將來時(shí),則befre 從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。I’m srry yu’ve been waiting s lng,but it’ll still be sme time befre Brian gets back.很抱歉讓你等了這么久,但布萊恩還要過段時(shí)間才能回來。6.was/were abut t 在when引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。I was abut t leave when he came in.我正要離開這時(shí)他進(jìn)來了。
1.表示狀態(tài)特征的系動(dòng)詞,如lk,sund,feel,smell,taste,prve, appear等構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The sup smells gd but tastes terrible.這湯聞起來香但嘗起來不好。2.表示主語的某種屬性、特征的動(dòng)詞,如read,write,sell,wash,clean, wear,shut。This kind f material washes easily.這種布料容易洗。3.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如begin,finish,start,pen,clse, stp,end,run等。The shp clses at 6 pm every day.這家商店每天下午六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。
語態(tài)說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者,也就是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,所以只有及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made int at least ten different films ver the past years.在過去的這些年里,莎士比亞的戲劇《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的電影。In sme parts f the wrld,tea is served with milk and sugar.在世界的一些地方,茶被提供的時(shí)候會(huì)加牛奶和糖。
幾種特殊形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):1.“be+過去分詞+不定式”形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)He is reprted t have brken a wrld recrd.據(jù)報(bào)道他打破了一項(xiàng)世界紀(jì)錄。2.“It+be+過去分詞+從句”形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)It’s said that they have discvered a new star.據(jù)說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆新星。3.“get+dne”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)get married 結(jié)婚;get hurt 受傷;get lst 迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
Ⅰ.單句填空1.Instead f getting dwn t a new task as I 　　　　　　　(expect), he examined the previus wrk again.(2020·江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)?had expected　句意:他沒有像我所期望的那樣著手一項(xiàng)新工作,而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。此處描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在examined之前,屬于“過去的過去”,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。2.Researchers say that the human persnality 　　　　　　　(frm) during the first tw years f life.(2020·山東東營一模)?is frmed　本句說明的是一種理論,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語the human persnality與frm為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3.I 　　　　　　　　　(hpe) t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage,but I culdn’t manage it.(2019·天津,單項(xiàng)填空)?had hped　句意:我本來希望給彼得寄一份禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚的,但是我沒能寄成。過去沒寄出禮物,希望是在此之前想的,表示過去的過去用過去完成時(shí)。
4.A few mnths after he had arrived in China,Mr.Smith 　　　　(fall) in lve with the peple and culture there.(2019·江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)?fell　句意:史密斯先生來到中國幾個(gè)月之后,他愛上了這里的人們和文化。狀語從句使用了過去完成時(shí),此處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。
5.They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals will have ________ (install) by 2022 fr the Beijing Winter Olympics.(2019·江蘇,單項(xiàng)填空)?been installed　句意:為了北京的冬奧會(huì),他們正在努力確保2022年之前安裝好5G終端。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by 2022可知,此處用將來完成時(shí)。install和5G terminals是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6.I think Ana 　　　　　　　　(finish) her packing since she started getting things ready early this mrning.(2018·北京朝陽區(qū)3月?？??has finished　句意:我認(rèn)為安娜打包完了,因?yàn)樗裉煸绯烤烷_始準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意以及since可知,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
7.In ther parts f the cuntry including Beijing,hwever,it _______ (knw) as “qipa”,which has a histry behind it.(2017·山東部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三第一次調(diào)研)?is knwn　此處是對(duì)客觀情況的一般性描述,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);it與knw之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。8.The build-up was exciting as everywhere 　　　　　　(decrate) with red.(2017·江西南昌高三第二次模擬)?was decrated　主句用了一般過去時(shí),故從句也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。decrate與主語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9.In the US high schl,everything 　　　　　　　　　(recrd) and graded,including yur grades n quizzes,tests and final examinatins.?is recrded　everything和謂語recrd之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且表示客觀情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),即is recrded,與graded呼應(yīng)。
10.Over the years,rules 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(wrk) ut t guarantee safety and fairness.?have been wrked　ver the years “在過去的幾年里”,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;rules與wrk ut為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。11.It is estimated that mre than a third f all wrk trips in Cpenhagen 　　　　　　　　　　　(carry) ut n a bike.?are carried　wrk trips與carry ut存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,空處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);根據(jù)文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)可知,空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);由“a third f all wrk trips”可知,空處應(yīng)填are carried。12.Students shwed their fear and parents and teachers als 　　　　　　　(express) their great cncern abut it.?expressed　根據(jù)該句中的“shwed”可知,該句敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填expressed。
13.Peter went t the library after breakfast and 　　　　　　　(write) his essay there ever since.?has been writing　句意:彼得早飯后去圖書館了,之后一直在那里寫論文。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語ever since可知,此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,接下來可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。14.Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 ’clck this afternn because she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(teach) a class at that time.will be teaching　句意:簡不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議了,因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候她將正在上課。根據(jù)句意可知,“今天下午三點(diǎn)”是一個(gè)將來的時(shí)間;表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在做某事,應(yīng)該用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填will be teaching。
15.Despite the previus runds f talks,n agreement 　　　　 (reach) s far by the tw sides.?has been reached　句意:盡管之前有好幾輪的會(huì)談,但是迄今為止雙方仍然沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語s far可知,空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),agreement與reach之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填has been reached。16.Mre expressways 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(build) in Sichuan sn t prmte the lcal ecnmy.?will be built　句意:為了促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì),四川不久將建造更多的高速公路。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sn可以判斷,句子應(yīng)用將來時(shí);高速公路和建造之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)形式。填will be built。
17.Yu can pick me up at my huse at 7:30 pm.I 　　　　　　(wait) fr yu at that time.?will be waiting　根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。18.That meant she was surrunded by either teachers wh were busy teaching r students wh 　　　　　　　　　　　(devte) t their studies.?were devted　固定搭配be devted t...“致力于……”;句中的r后是一個(gè)定語從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是students,再由前一個(gè)定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)可知,此處填were devted。
19.The Small Gse Pagda in Xi’an,ne f the 22 Silk Rad relics lcated in China,　　　　　　(date) back t 707 during the Tang Dynasty.?dates　題干中的ne f短語是主語的同位語,題干中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,date back“追溯”,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。指從現(xiàn)在追溯到唐朝,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。20.—Yu seem t be familiar with this city.—I 　　　　　　(live) here fr fur years.It’s great t be back.?lived　句意:——你看起來對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟?！以谶@里生活了四年,回來真好。結(jié)合語境可知,這里描述的只是過去的事情,故用動(dòng)詞的過去式形式。
21.It is true that the Internet 　　　　　　　　　　　　(change) the way we wrk and cmmunicate.?has changed　句意:因特網(wǎng)確實(shí)已經(jīng)改變了我們工作和交流的方式。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)及常識(shí)可知從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且the Internet為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故用has changed。
22.In the traditinal Chinese Lunar Year,each year 　　　　　　(give) a name f 12 kinds f animals.?is given　句意:在中國傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)歷年中,每年都被給予了12種動(dòng)物中的一種動(dòng)物名稱。根據(jù)題干中的主語應(yīng)是give的動(dòng)作承受者,且題干說明的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
23.They made up their minds that they 　　　　　　　　　　(buy) a new huse nce Larry changed jbs.?wuld buy　句意:他們決定一旦拉里換了工作,他們就買一所新房子。根據(jù)句意可知buy這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)在made up their minds之后,故應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。
24.Yu’d better write dwn her phne number befre yu　　　　　　　(frget) it.?frget　句意:趁著還沒忘,你最好把她的電話號(hào)碼記下來。此處是befre引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.Since she teaches us last term,she has been encuraging me t vercme fear and speak ut in class.teaches→taught　在含since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí),故將teaches改為taught。2.Susan set me a gd example.I am determined t becme an English teacher when I grw up.Susan后加has　蘇珊為“我”樹立好榜樣是過去的事情,并且對(duì)“我”產(chǎn)生了影響,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.One day he was encuraged me t participate in a speech cmpetitin.刪除was　根據(jù)語境可知,he與encurage為主謂關(guān)系,不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故刪除was。
4.She left quickly and I thught she has gne t wrk.has→had　句意:她很快離開了,我以為她已經(jīng)上班去了?！八习唷?發(fā)生在“我以為”之前,故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。
5.Instead f punishing me,they just hped that I will never make such a flish mistake again.will→wuld　主句為一般過去時(shí),賓語從句也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài),故將will改為wuld。6.It is s beautiful a village that I had already visited it many times.(2018·河南鄭州?？?had→have　根據(jù)前面的is和后面的many times可知,此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故把had改為have。
7.I felt very upset at first,but the encuragement frm my teacher keeps me ging ahead.keeps→kept　由上文的felt可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故改為kept。8.I frmally apply fr the jb and sincerely hpe I can accepted.can后加be　I與accept是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故加上be。9.If yu missed yur grandmther,yu just take ut yur phne and say hell t her.missed→miss　由 “yu just take ut yur phne and say” 可知,從句謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),即miss。
10.Tday while walking past the train statin,I ntice tw yung men carrying sme huge bags.ntice→nticed　本句講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)。11.One day,Jack invites sme friends t his hme fr dinner.invites→invited　由One day 并結(jié)合語境可知,此處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故此處用invited。12.Just then,a car stpped n the right side,and the driver was ffered t help push ur car t the radside.刪除was　根據(jù)語境可知,句子主語driver和謂語動(dòng)詞ffer構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故刪除was。
13.Hw can we passengers’ legal rights be prtecting if smething bad happens?prtecting→prtected　此處表示“合法權(quán)利被保護(hù)”,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。14.Last but nt least I nce wrk as an art editr fr a lcal newspaper in my hmetwn.wrk→wrked　由nce可知,此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情,故改為wrked。15.I think yu wuld face sme difficulties in yur study because Chinese is nt easy t learn.(2018·湖南三湘名校模考)wuld→will　根據(jù)前面的think可知,此處要用一般將來時(shí),故把wuld改為will。
Ⅲ.語篇填空My name is Rbert Arthur.I wrk as a pilt fr a majr cmmercial airline.I 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(wrk) as a pilt fr ver 30 years.After cllege I went int the U.S. Air Frce,where I 2.　　　　　　(serve) fr ten years.After I left the Air Frce,I 3.　　　　　(get) a jb with a majr cmmercial airline and have been flying cmmercially ever since.Lately I have been thinking abut retirement because pilts have t 4.　　　　　(retire) at the age f 60.Peple have ften asked me hw I 5.　　　　　　(becme) interested in flying.Like mst pilts,my interest in aviatin(航空) 6.　　　　　(g) back t my childhd,when I 7.　　　　　(watch) birds and airplanes fly thrugh the sky.?
My jb 8.　　　　　　　　　　　(take) me away frm my hme and my family much f the time.I’ve lived in many lcatins.Fr the past few years,hwever,I have been living in Pittsburgh.T be a pilt,I have had t make many sacrifices.But there is nthing else I’d rather 9.　　　　　(d).Fr me,flying 10.　　　　　　　(present) an understanding f hw ne fits in with the rest f the wrld.?
1.have been wrking　根據(jù)后面的fr ver 30 years可知此處表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而且以后也可能繼續(xù)下去,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2.served　此處表示過去的動(dòng)作,故用過去式形式。3.gt　根據(jù)前面的left可知用get的過去式gt。4.retire　have t d sth.“不得不做某事”,為固定句式。5.became　根據(jù)上下文可知“我”對(duì)“飛行”感興趣是過去的動(dòng)作。故用過去式became。6.ges　此處指現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,“對(duì)航空的興趣要追溯到童年”。7.watched　此處指童年時(shí)期的動(dòng)作,故用過去式形式。8.has taken　根據(jù)后面的I’ve lived 可知這里也要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與之一致。表示“我的這份工作使得我大部分時(shí)間離開家鄉(xiāng)和親人”。
9.d　此處為固定句式wuld rather d sth.“寧愿做某事”。10.presents　根據(jù)下文的fits可知此處表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(2019·山西太原高三模擬)There is a traditin in my family.On New Year’s Eve,all my relative will cme t ur huse fr a feast.As matter f fact,it isn’t the fd that bring us tgether but the sense f belnging des.Making dumplings was always great fun.We put a cin int ne f the dumplings.Everybdy expects t eat the ne with the cin inside, because it is said whmever gets the cin will have a gd frtune in the fllwed year.When my mm serves the dumplings,they help urselves immediately,hping t get the gd luck f ur entirely year. The cin never cmes t me,and I am pretty sure f that the luck is always there.