2022屆高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題5數(shù)詞和主謂一致

這是一份2022屆高考人教版英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題5數(shù)詞和主謂一致，共33頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了-2-，高考感悟，考點(diǎn)歸納，-3-，-4-，-5-，-6-，-7-，-8-，-9-等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Chinese New Year is a celebratin marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.This is why decrating with plants,fruits and flwers 　　　　　　(carry) special significance.?carries　該句含有why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞-ing形式加介詞短語(yǔ)的形式,所以此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填carries。2.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)篇填空)While running regularly can’t make yu live frever,the review says it 　　　　　(be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling r swimming.?is　句子的主語(yǔ)是it,時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以填is。
3.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Fast fd 　　　　　(be) full f fat and salt;by eating mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.?is　fast fd是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。4.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw 　　　　　　(be) ften acceptable.?is　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示一個(gè)常態(tài)或者習(xí)慣做法,且動(dòng)詞-ing形式做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。5.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ,語(yǔ)篇填空)Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 　　　　　　(be) t vilent fr use at the table.?were　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及前面的動(dòng)詞believed可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),且主語(yǔ)knives為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were。
數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s) ld”或者“at the age f+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時(shí),用“in ne’s+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來(lái)表達(dá)。She is still in her twenties.她才二十幾歲。
表示“幾十年代”時(shí),在年份后加-s或-’s。My grandpa was brn in the 1930s.我爺爺出生于20世紀(jì)30年代。分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如:ne-furth(a quarter)1/4;tw-fifths 2/5。Tw-thirds f the mney was spent n fd.三分之二的錢(qián)都花在了食品上。
1.dzen(一打,十二),scre(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several 等連用時(shí),后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞f有無(wú)均可。但是習(xí)慣上scre多與f連用,而dzen很少與f連用。如:tw dzen eggs 兩打雞蛋,many dzen pencils好多打鉛筆;tw scre f eggs 40個(gè)雞蛋;three scre f peple 60個(gè)人。dzen,scre的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接f時(shí),表示“許多”。如:dzens f eggs幾十個(gè)雞蛋,scres f pencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,thse,my,yur等或是修飾人稱(chēng)代詞賓格them,us,yu時(shí),這時(shí)需要加f。如:tw dzen f these pens,three scre f them。
主謂一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致,這叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂是否一致時(shí),要遵循下列三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z(yǔ)法一致”就是從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)一致的問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
1.主語(yǔ)為表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、書(shū)名等整體概念的名詞時(shí)。Ten miles is nt a lng way fr me.十英里對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不是很長(zhǎng)的距離。2.由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ),前面由every/each/n修飾時(shí)。Each by and(each) girl has an apple.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。3.and連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞時(shí)。A teacher f English and class teacher is telling us smething abut vlunteer wrkers nw.一位英語(yǔ)老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關(guān)于義工們的一些情況。
4.“the number f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。The number f prfessrs present at the meeting is 1,800.出席會(huì)議的教授的人數(shù)是1,800。5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式、不定式或從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。What the teacher des and says is f great imprtance t the students.老師做的事和說(shuō)的話對(duì)學(xué)生很重要。
6.“mre than ne+單數(shù)名詞”和“many a+單數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)。Mre than ne student has gne t Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生去了北京。—Hw was the English test last Friday?—Many a student has passed the test.——上周五的英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)怎么樣?——許多同學(xué)都通過(guò)了測(cè)驗(yàn)。7.“the+形容詞”做主語(yǔ),表示一類(lèi)抽象的事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The new is sure t replace the ld.新生事物一定會(huì)取代舊事物。
1.有些集合名詞如:clthes,cattle,flk,peple,plice 等做主語(yǔ),后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The plice are searching fr the murderer.警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞”做主語(yǔ),表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The ld are living a happy life nw.老人們現(xiàn)在過(guò)著幸福的生活。3.由and或連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Bth cffee and beer are n sale in the shp.這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。
1.集合名詞如:grup,family,class,gvernment,team,public,enemy,crwd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看成一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果側(cè)重其成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My family has fur peple.My family all like watching ftball games.我家有四口人。我的家人都喜歡看足球比賽。
2.主語(yǔ)是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,wrks, aircraft等時(shí),視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every means has been tried,but nne prved successful.每個(gè)辦法都嘗試過(guò)了,但沒(méi)有一個(gè)證實(shí)是成功的。Many means have nt cme int effect.許多方法都沒(méi)生效。
3.代詞nne,neither,all以及what引導(dǎo)的從句等做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。All we need is a small piece f land where we can plant varius kinds f fruit trees thrughut the grwing seasns f the year.我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在那兒我們可以在一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹(shù)。What they have are 200 cmputers.他們擁有的就是二百臺(tái)電腦。
4.ppulatin表示“人口”,即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),ppulatin是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The ppulatin f that cuntry is abut 36 millin.那個(gè)國(guó)家的人口數(shù)大約是3,600萬(wàn)。Eighty percent f the ppulatin in that cuntry are farmers.那個(gè)國(guó)家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。
1.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。The danger f frest fires is nt t be taken lightly.森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)不能輕視。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,tgether with,alng with,accmpanied by,like,in additin t,as well as,as much as,mre than,rather than,n less than,except,but,besides,including 等連接的單詞(詞組)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Newspapers,as well as the Internet,play an imprtant rle in daily cmmunicatin.報(bào)紙,還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng),在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。
1.由sme,plenty,a lt,lts,mst,the rest,all,half,part或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+f+名詞等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與f后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如果f后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果f后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。Abut ne third f the bks are well wrth reading.大約三分之一的書(shū)非常值得閱讀。Over 30% f the wrk has been finished.百分之三十以上的工作已經(jīng)完成了。
2.由a kind f,this kind f,many kinds f,名詞+f this kind(type,srt, part,piece,sectin,pair)等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與f前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。This kind f animals is dangerus.Animals f this kind are dangerus.這種動(dòng)物很危險(xiǎn)。3.“a large amunt f+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)arge amunts f+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。“a gd/great deal f+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Vast amunts f mney are being invested in the lcal market.大量資金投放到當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。
1.由r,,,nt als...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。Nt nly his family but als he likes Chaplin’s mvies.不但他的家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Are either yu r yur brther ging t the party?要么你要么是你的弟弟將要去參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。There are sme envelpes and paper fr yu.有一些信封和紙張給你。
1.在定語(yǔ)從句里,關(guān)系代詞that,wh,which等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。Thse wh have seen the film please put up yur hands.看過(guò)這部電影的請(qǐng)舉手。2.“ne f+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tm is ne f the bys wh have been abrad.湯姆是出過(guò)國(guó)的男孩之一。3.“the nly ne f+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。He is the nly ne f the students wh has passed the exam.他是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)這次考試的學(xué)生。
Ⅰ.單句填空1.The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and　　　　(remain) arund that level ever since.(2020·天津,單項(xiàng)填空)has remained　句意:醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量在20世紀(jì)90年代初期達(dá)到了18所,從那時(shí)起數(shù)量一直保持在那個(gè)水平上。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ever since可知,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);句子的主語(yǔ)是The number,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2.Tw-fifths f the land in that district 　　　　　　(be) cvered with trees nw,abut 80% f which were planted in the 1990s. (2019·遼寧八校聯(lián)考)?is　“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞一致,land是不可數(shù)名詞,所以填is。
3.A respected persn 　　　　　　(speak) plitely.(2017·江西南昌第一次模擬測(cè)試)?speaks　主語(yǔ)A respected persn為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故用speaks。4.She spends the entire day in her tiny studi,which 　　　(measure) less than 10 square meters altgether,filled with clth shes in varius stages f cmpletin.(2017·安徽合肥高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))?measures　which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為studi,且measure在此處用作系動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,故用measures。5.I think this is a phenmenn,which 　　　　　　(call) fr ur great cncern.?calls　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為定語(yǔ)從句,which指代a phenmenn,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù);由I think this is可知,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填calls。
6.A grup f dgs 　　　　　　　　　　(knw) as “Therapy Dgs”.?are knwn　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,“a grup f+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,dgs與knw是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,此處描述的是一般情況,因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 　　　　　　　(perate) n peple with all types f birth defects.She als ges t ther cuntries where peple cannt affrd this treatment and helps them fr free.?perates　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示經(jīng)常做的事情,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且由句子主語(yǔ)Dr.Barne可知,應(yīng)填perates,與下文的ges和helps呼應(yīng)。
8.Swimming in heated pls 　　　　　　(be) very cmmn in this part f the cuntry in winter.?is　此處為動(dòng)詞-ing做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用is。9.Withut the new taxes,huses built befre Wrld War Ⅱ 　　(have) lwer csts than mre mdern huses d.?have　分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句的主語(yǔ)是huses,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故此處用have。
10.That Shakespeare was ne f the mst talented writers 　　　(be) an understatement t thse wh are really familiar with the field f literature.?is　That Shakespeare was ne f the mst talented writers為that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,根據(jù)后文可知,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用is。11.Neither the teacher nr the students 　　　　　　(knw) the slutin t the maths prblem.?knw　連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)the students,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用knw。
12.Last night,there 　　　　　　　(be) millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.?were　句意:昨天晚上,有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人在電視上看了開(kāi)幕式的直播。由millins f peple可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last night可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故用were。13.He is ne f thse peple wh 　　　　　　(wrk) t hard.?wrk　此處為wh引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為thse peple,且該句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故用wrk。
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.As the saying g,treat thers as yu wuld like t be treated.g→ges　從句主語(yǔ)the saying為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故用ges。2.Each f us have sme bad habits.have→has　由句子主語(yǔ)Each f us可知,此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。3.That’s why he is in gd health mst f the time,thugh he caught a cld nw and then.caught→catches　根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nw and then可知,此處表示一種常態(tài),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);因主語(yǔ)為he,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,即catches。
4.This change in cmmunicatin have gd effects n ur wrk and life.have→has　由語(yǔ)境可知,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);由句子主語(yǔ)This change可知,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,即has。5.Sme f us is having prblems with ur parents,as they ften lk int ur schlbags.is→are　主語(yǔ)為Sme f us,根據(jù)下文的ur可知,該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。6.He began t cunt the peple in his mind while they having the delicius fd.having前加were　此處表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),由主語(yǔ)they可知,應(yīng)用were having。
7.I was sund asleep when my alarm clck drpped nt the flr and were brken int pieces.were→was　此處從句的主語(yǔ)為my alarm clck,是單數(shù)形式,因此用was。
8.Besides,there is a great number f turist attractins wrth visiting,such as the Great Wall,the Summer Palace and the Frbidden City.is→are　there be句型中謂語(yǔ)的形式與后面離它最近的名詞保持一致,即與attractins一致,根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知,應(yīng)用are。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)We are nw living in a infrmatin age,in which TV,cell phnes and the Internet are wide used.It seem that many peple cannt enjy themselves withut it.Hwever,if I were t give up ne f them,I wuld rather turn ff TV than t switch ff my cell phne r cut ff the Internet.I culd d withut TV because few shws tk my fancy and there are t many cmmercials.Besides,mst prgrams n TV are available elsewhere,either.As fr cell phnes and the Internet,they are less necessary fr me.I need a cell phne t keep in tuch my friend and my family.
1.a→the/an　age意為“時(shí)代”,且被名詞修飾,表示一個(gè)具體的或特指的概念,故用不定冠詞或定冠詞修飾。因?yàn)閕nfrmatin的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭,因此不定冠詞用an。2.wide→widely　修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞,故用widely。3.seem→seems　主語(yǔ)為It,且與上句中的nw呼應(yīng),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單數(shù)形式,即seems。4.it→them　此處代指上文提到的TV,cell phnes和the Internet,是復(fù)數(shù)概念,故用them。5.刪除t　wuld rather d...意為“寧愿做……而不愿做……”,為固定搭配,故用動(dòng)詞原形。