專題42.名詞性從句考點運用（原卷版+解析版）

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目標導航
在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞可以充當句子的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，因此，名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What was mst imprtant t her was her family.(主語從句)
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I dn’t knw what yu want t say.(賓語從句)
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The gd news is that we have wn the game.(表語從句)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The news that we have wn the game is true.(同位語從句)
引導名詞性從句的關聯(lián)詞：
注意：連詞that在引導名詞性從句時無詞義，不充當句子成分，只起連接作用，在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不能省略，在引導賓語從句時，口語或非正式的文體中常被省去；疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接詞以及關聯(lián)短語在句中既保留自己的含義又起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。名詞性從句一般都用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達的是疑問含義。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The prblem is what he has dne t the little by.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We all dn’t knw when he will cme.
一、明備考方向
1. 主語從句
在復合句中作主語的句子叫主語從句
主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, wh,which,whatever, whever以及連接副詞hw,when,where, why等詞引導。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①That he stle a bike was true.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②What he wants t tell us is nt clear.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Wh will win the match is still unknwn.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Where the English evening will be held has nt yet been annunced.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Whether he can pass the exam depends n whether he study hard r nt.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥Whatever yu d is nne f my business.
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦Whever cmes t ur library will be welcme.
單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Where and when he was brn has nt been fund.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When the persn was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknwn.
主語從句比較長的時候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名詞 + 主語從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is a fact that he has gne abrad.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is a pity that yu missed the sprts meeting last week.
（2）It + be + 形容詞 + 主語從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is bvius that he tld a lie.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is certain that he will win the game.
（3）It + be + 過去分詞 + 主語從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It is said that she will cme t the party tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It has nt been annunced when the plane are t take ff.
（4）It + 不及物動詞 + 主語從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It happened that the meeting was canceled that day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It ccurred t me that I had frgtten t bring my wallet.
注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 (shuld) +d，常用的句型是：
It is necessary/imprtant/natural/strange/essential, etc.) that … 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①It’s necessary that yu shuld study hard.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is strange that he shuld say that.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It is essential that a cllege student shuld master at least a freign language.
2. 賓語從句
在復合句中作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。
引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I want t knw what he has tld yu.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She always thinks f hw she can wrk well.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She will give whever needs help a warm supprt.
1).由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去。但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has tld me (that) he will leave Wuhan and that he will g t Shanghai tmrrw.
注意:在insist,suggest, advise,decide, demand, desire,require, request,rder, cmmand等表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等意義的動詞后，賓語從句中謂語部分常用 虛擬語氣，即shuld+ 動詞原形。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The cmmander rdered that trps (shuld) set ff at nce.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說、堅持認為”講，則其后的賓語從句中用陳述語氣。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The smile n his face suggested that he had passed the examinatin.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by insisted that he had nt stlen the mney.
2).用whether或if引導的賓語從句
whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有r nt時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中表示“是否”只用whether. 介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導，要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I dn’t care abut whether yu have mney r nt.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Everything depends n whether we have enugh mney.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He seldm lses his temper except that yu make a fl f him.
3).賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應
賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I knw that he studies English every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I knw that he studied English last term.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I knw (that) he will study English next year.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We all knw that he has studied English since 1998.
如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We believed that he had earned enugh mney t build a huse.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The teacher tld us that Tm had left us fr America．
當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 例如：
The teacher tld us that the sun rises in the east.
4).當主句是I/ We think (suppse, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞nt從從句中轉移到主句中成為否定的轉移。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We dn’t believe that he will win the game.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I dn’t think he will d s.
注意：dubt用于肯定結構時，后面用whether/ if 引導名詞性從句；用于否定結構或疑問結構時，后面用 that 引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導的名詞性從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I dubt whether he will cme tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②There is n dubt that he will cme tmrrw.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I am sure that he will win the game.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I am nt sure whether he will win the game.
3. 表語從句
在復合句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。表語從句常放在系動詞之后。
引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, because引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + 表語從句 。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The fact is that we have lst the game.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②That’s just what I want.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③This is where ur prblem lies.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④That is why he didn’t cme t the meeting.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It lks as if it is ging t rain.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥This is because he missed the train by ne minute.
注意：當主語是reasn 時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：
The reasn why he was late was that he missed the train by ne minute this mrning.
4. 同位語從句
在復合句中作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。同位語從句用于解釋說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。
同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后,如 news, idea, infrmatin, fact, hpe,thught, belief 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內容，引導同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, hw；連接代詞wh，what，whse，which也可以引導同位語從句。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The news that he wn the first place was true.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It is a questin hw he did it.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The prblem whether we shuld cntinue t d the experiment has been slved.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We haven’t settled the questin where we are ging t spend ur summer vacatin.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤I have n idea when she will be back.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥The questin wh shuld d the wrk requires cnsideratin.
同位語從句一般緊跟在被解釋的名詞之后，但有時候也可以分開，將從句放在句末。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The suggestin came frm the chairman that the new rule shuld be adpted.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wrd came that Mr. President wuld cme and inspect ur schl.
5.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
（1）定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關系；同位語從句解釋說明先行詞的具體內容，它與先行詞是同位關系。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The plane that has just taken ff is fr Paris. （定語從句）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The fact that he has died is quite clear. （同位語從句）
（2）定語從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，關系詞在從句中擔當相應的句子成分，關系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)常可省略。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導，在從句中不充當句子成分；where, when, hw, wh, whether, what 等連詞也可以引導同位語從句，這些連詞則在從句中擔當成分。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The news that he tld me is true. （定語從句）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The news that he has just died is true. （同位語從句）
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The prblem that we’re facing nw is hw we can cllect s much mney. (定語從句)
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④The prblem hw we can cllect s much mney is hard t slve. （同位語從句）
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤The questin that he raised puzzled all f us. （定語從句）
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥The questin whether he is sure t win the game is hard t answer.（同位語從句）
（3）同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子, 而定語從句則不能。如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The idea that we can ask the teacher fr advice is wnderful.（同位語從句）
→The idea is that we can ask the teacher fr advice.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The fact that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all. （同位語從句）
→The fact is that the earth mves arund the sun.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Pay attentin t the prblem hw we can prtect the wild animals. （同位語從句）
→The prblem is hw we can prtect the wild animals.
1.We nw realize ________ imprtant family is and hw imprtant t be near them, especially when yu’re raising children.
2.Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps.________ finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
3.The jurney was intended t achieve mre than ________Captain Rbert Falcn Sctt had dne.
4.The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is________ne can be entirely dust.
5.Scientists are still nt exactly sure ________genes influence aging, but they believe that they d.
6.It is ften the case________anything is pssible fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
7.Yu have t knw ________ yu're ging if yu are t plan the best way f getting there.
8.I truly believe ________ beauty cmes frm within.
9.We must find ut ________ Karl is cming, s we can bk a rm fr him.
10.The exhibitin tells us________we shuld d smething t stp air pllutin.
11.A ship in harbr is safe, but that's nt________ships are built fr.
12.Exactly ________ the ptat was intrduced int Eurpe is uncertain，but it was prbably arund 1565.
二、攻重點難點
(一)引導名詞性從句的連接代詞(如what)，連接副詞(如when)，連接詞(that, if, whether)的用法和區(qū)別
解答名詞性從句中連接詞的選用題目時，可采用“句子翻譯法”，即看空缺處在句中是什么意思，充當什么成分。若在從句中不作成分只起引導作用，用that；若表達“是否”意義，用if/whether；若充當主語、賓語、表語或定語，用連接代詞；若充當狀語，則用連接副詞。
What he wants t tell us is nt clear.
他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。
Whether there is life n the mn is an interesting questin.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
I have n idea when he will cme back hme.
我不知道他什么時候回到家。
The thught came t him that Mary had prbably fallen ill.他想到瑪麗可能生病了。
(二)連接代詞wh/whm, what, which與whever/whmever, whatever, whichever的用法和區(qū)別
在這兩類連接詞中，前面三個連接詞在引導名詞性從句時依然帶有疑問的語氣和含義，分別表示“誰”“什么”和“哪一個”。后面三個連接詞則表示“無論……”的含義，并帶有具體的針對性，不帶疑問的語氣和含義。
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.
問題是我們找誰去替代她。
Whever did it shuld be punished.
無論是誰干的都應當受到懲罰。
(三)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用
一般來說，在某些特定動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“shuld＋動詞原形”，shuld可省略。常見的這類動詞有“一個堅持”(insist)；“兩個命令”(rder, cmmand)；“三個建議”(suggest, advise, recmmend)；“四個要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一個敦促”(urge)。
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.
我堅持她應當單獨做她的工作。
The cmmander rdered that trps (shuld) set ff at nce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。
(四)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
同位語從句的作用相當于名詞，用來解釋說明前面名詞(短語)的內容，常見的名詞(通常是抽象名詞)有idea, thught, fact, evidence, belief, dubt, fear, hpe, prpsal, truth, news, pssibility等；定語從句的作用相當于形容詞，充當定語用來修飾主句中的某個名詞或代詞。
The news that ur ftball team wn the match was true.(同位語從句)
我們足球隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。
The news (that) we heard n the radi was true.(定語從句)
我們在收音機里聽到的那則消息是真的。
三、練高頻題點
Ⅰ.語法填空題點全練
1．I'm nt sure is mre frightened, me r the female grilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
2．This is my father has taught me — t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
3．The gld medal will be awarded t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
4．Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is we ften d nt knw when they are cming.
5．Success partially depends n yu have the patience t d simple things perfectly.
6．Frm space, the earth lks blue. This is abut 71% f its surface is cvered by water.
7．D nt let any failures discurage yu, fr yu can never tell clse yu may be t victry.
8．The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.
9．Finally, keep in mind there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when yu fail in ne r tw exams.
10．Mr White is ppsed t repairing the ld building, and that's I dn't agree.
Ⅰ.完成句子并改寫
1．大家的確都知道的是窮人都喜歡她，因為她總是幫助那些需要錢的人。
All that they did knw was that she was lved by pr peple because she always helped thse wh was in need f mney.
→What_they_did_knw was that she was lved by pr peple because she always helped whever_was_in_need_f_mney.(用名詞性從句改寫)
2．她今天早晨來晚了，因為她不得不照顧她生病的女兒。
She came here late this mrning, because_she_had_t_lk_after her sick daughter.
→The_reasn_why she came here late this mrning was_that_she_had_t_lk_after her sick daughter. (用名詞性從句改寫)
3．我姐姐的夢想是擁有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜歡的蛋糕。
My sister's dream is t have_her_wn_shp_in_which_she_can_make_her_favurite _cakes.
→My sister's dream is_that_she_has_her_wn_shp_in_which_she_can_make_her _favurite _cakes.(用名詞性從句改寫)
4．看到這個女孩，我很吃驚。
I was surprised t see the girl.
→What_surprised_me was t see the girl. (改為主語從句)
→I saw the girl, which_surprised_me. (改為定語從句)
5．眾所周知，2020年奧運在東京舉行。
As_is_knwn_t_us_all/As_we_all_knw,_the 2020 Olympic Games tk place in Tky.(用定語從句翻譯)
→What_is_knwn_t_us_all_is_that the 2020 Olympic Games tk place in Tky.(用主語從句改寫)
→It_is_knwn_t_us_all_that the 2020 Olympic Games tk place in Tky.(用it作形式主語改寫)
隨堂練習
一
It was a ht summer day 1 fund me running dwn the street with a dllar in my sweaty hand. The 2 (clse)I gt t Sam & Je's Statinery Stre, the mre excited I was. After all, a dllar was a tidy sum fr an 11-year-ld by in 1961.
Out f breath, I swung pen the dr and gt a blast f cld air 3 instantly cled me ff. I was in a place f pure 4 (happy). I went directly t the bar and rdered a bttle f sda.There I sat, cnsidering my next mve.
Bks always came first. I picked ut five titles. Next came the candy, rws and rws f it.I chse five candy bars, 5 brught my ttal t 25 cents.
I hurried 6 (direct)t my backyard, 7 an apple tree patiently waited fr me. There, sitting in the shade against its strng trunk, I read my bks and ate my candy.
As I sat in my wn 8 (persn)heaven,I started t think abut having mre. That's 9 a fantastic life-changing idea ppped int my head: 10 I culd get mre mney, I culd buy anything I wanted. That's hw it all started.
二
It was reprted 1 there was an accident at the crner f Rman Street this mrning.N ne saw 2 n earth happened then.A car ran int a truck but frtunately,nbdy gt injured. 3 is respnsible fr the accident is still under investigatin.The plice are uncertain abut 4 the driver is guilty. 5 the plice shuld d nw is 6 they must find ut what led t the accident.They said it was difficult fr them t judge because 7 the accident happened was nt clear.Perhaps the reasn was 8 the driver was t tired t stp the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact 9 he was driving t fast at the turning.The plice dubted 10 what he said was true and decided t make a further investigatin.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
三
My drbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady hlding the hand f a little by.In her ther hand __1__ (be) a paper bag.She is the little by's grandmther, and her daughter, Nicle, bught __2__ huse next dr last Octber.Nicle has __3__ (bvius) tld her mther that I am having a heart peratin shrtly, and the result is that her mther has decided __4__ (supply) me with meals.
I knw what is inside the paper bag — a bttle f ht sup and a __5__ (cntain) with a meal f rice, vegetables and meat.It's becme a daily ccurrence.
Cmmunicatin __6__ us is smewhat difficult because she desn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hell.Once, she brught an iPad as well as the fd.She pinted t the screen, __7__ shwed a message frm her daughter telling me that her mther wanted t knw __8__ the fd was all right fr me.
S here we are, tw grandmthers, neither f __9__ (we) being able t speak the ther's language but cmmunicating ne way r anther (with sme help frm technlgy)．The drbell keeps __10__ (ring) and there is the familiar brwn paper bag, handed smilingly t me.
從屬連詞
that, because
疑問代詞
wh, whm, whse, which, what,whether,if
疑問副詞
when, where ,why,hw,
縮合連接詞
whatever,whever,whmever,whichever,hwever, whenever,wherever
關聯(lián)短語
as if ,as thugh
語法填空?？键c
短文改錯?？键c
寫作常用句式
1.連接代詞what, wh(m)，whever, which, whse等的用法；
2.連接副詞when, where, why和hw等的用法；
3.連接詞that, whether和if的用法。
1.連接詞that與連接副詞的混用；
2.連接詞that與連接代詞的混用；
3.連接詞that的缺失；
4.連接代詞what, which, wh等之間的混用；
5.連接代詞與連接副詞的混用。
1.It＋be＋名詞/形容詞/動詞的過去分詞＋that從句
2.It lks/seems as if ...“好像……；仿佛……”
3.This is because ...“這是因為……(強調原因)”
4.The reasn why that ...“……的原因是……”
5.That is why ...“那就是……的原因(強調結果)”
6.The questin/prblem is whether/when/where ...“問題是……”
7.His dream/suggestin/aim/purpse is that ...
“他的夢想/建議/目標/目的是……”
8.What從句＋be＋that從句