專題41.定語從句考點運用（原卷版+解析版）

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目標導航
基本概念： 定語從句:在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞、充當定語的句子叫定語從句。因其功能相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句。
先行詞:被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。
關系詞:引導定語從句的詞，也叫引導詞。分為關系代詞（wh，whm，that，which，whse ,as）和關系副詞(where，when，why)。關系詞要在定語從句中作某個成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等。
限制性定語從句：對先行詞起修飾限定作用的定語從句。
非限制性定語從句：對先行詞或主句起補充說明作用的定語從句，通常引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開 。
備考方向
重點難點
(一)wh, whm, whse引導定語從句的用法
1．先行詞是人，關系詞在定語從句中作主語時，用wh/that，關系詞不可省略；關系詞在定語從句中作賓語時，用whm/wh/that，關系詞可以省略。
2．先行詞thse后常用wh引導定語從句。
3．“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，如果先行詞指人，用whm指代人且不能省略。
4．whse引導定語從句時，作定語，且不能省略。
I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh/whm/that I met in the English speech cntest last year.
我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中遇到的同校同學成了好朋友。
I have many friends t whm I'm ging t send pst cards.
我要寄賀卡給我的很多朋友。
The schl shp, whse custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the hlidays.
這家主要顧客是學生的校內商店，放假時關閉。
點津：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.
湯姆是這些工程師中唯一一個想出解決方法的人。
(二)that, which引導定語從句的用法
1．that引導定語從句
既可指人又可指物，指人時通?？膳cwh, whm互換，指物時通常可與which互換。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時可省略。
2．定語從句中用that不用which的情況：
(1)當先行詞是all, any, anything, everything, nthing等不定代詞或被它們修飾時。
(2)當先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時。
(3)當先行詞被the nly, the very, the same, the last等修飾時。
(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時。
(5)當定語從句出現在which或wh的特殊疑問句中時。
(6)有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞宜用which，另一個宜用that。
(7)當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞在從句中也作表語時。
(8)主句以here, there開頭且先行詞是指物的名詞時。
隨堂練習
1.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stlen.
2.There seems t be nthing is impssible t him in the wrld.
3.There is little I can d fr yu.
4.This is the best bk I have ever read.
5.The first place they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
6.We talked abut the things and persns we saw then.
7.Lk at the man and his dg are walking up the street.
8.He is the nly persn I want t see nw.
9.Wh is the man is standing there?
10.Which is the T-shirt fits me mst?
3．which引導定語從句
(1)先行詞為物。
(2)which在從句中作主語時不可省略，作賓語時可省略。
4．定語從句中用which而不用that的情況：
(1)在非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞用which而不用that。
(2)關系代詞前面有介詞時，用which而不用that。
(3)先行詞為that/thse時，用which而不用that。
She shwed the visitrs arund the museum that/which was cnstructed three years ag.
她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
Wh is the man that is sitting n the rck smking?
坐在巖石上抽煙的那個人是誰？
The by was away frm hme fr a week, which wrried his parents very much.
這個男孩離家一個星期了，這使他父母很擔心。
隨堂練習
1.I still remember the day I first gt t Paris.
2.She heard a terrible nise， brught her heart int her muth.
3.That is the bk I brrwed frm the library.
4.Is there anything is nt expensive which we can buy fr her as a gift?
(三)as引導定語從句的用法
關系代詞as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
1．as引導限制性定語從句時常用于下列句式：
(1)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(such＋名詞＋as ...像……這樣的，像……之類的,the same＋名詞＋as ...和……一樣的))
其中關系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
(2) as ...凡是……的人(或事物)，所有……人(或事物)
其意義相當于everything that, all thse, thse that (wh)等。as引導定語從句并在從句中擔當成分，定語從句修飾先行詞such。
Take such as yu need.
你需要什么就拿什么。
Yu may chse such as yu prefer.
你可挑選自己想要的東西。
2．關系代詞as與which引導非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別：
as意為“正如，正像”，引導的非限制性定語從句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；而which意為“這件事，這一點”，引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可替代整個主句的內容。
Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.
像在我們車間使用的這樣的機器是中國制造的。
Tm has made great prgress, which makes his parents very happy.
湯姆取得了很大進步，這使他父母很高興。
“There is n such thing as a free lunch，” as the ld saying ges.
正如老話所說的那樣：“天下沒有免費的午餐?！?br>1.He married her, was natural.
2.He is hnest, we can see.
3. is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
4.He is frm the suth, we can knw frm his accent.
5.Jhn, yu knw, is a famus writer.
6.The air quality in the city, is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths
7.He has been t Paris ten times, I dn’t believe.
8.I’ve never heard such stries he tells.
9.He is nt such a fl he lks.
10.This is the same dictinary I lst last week.
11.She wre the same dress her yunger sister wre.
(四)關系副詞when, where, why引導定語從句的用法
1．when引導定語從句
關系副詞when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。
2．where引導定語從句
(1)在定語從句中作地點狀語。
(2)先行詞可以是表示具體地點的名詞(如place, hme, schl, village, city等)。
(3)先行詞也可以是表示抽象意義的名詞(如jb, life, situatin, pint, case, stage, activity等)。
如果定語從句用來修飾pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意義的詞，并且作狀語，要用where 引導定語從句，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”，這種現象叫做地點模糊化。常見的表地點的模糊化名詞還有：ccasin, circumstance, state,degree, extent, stage, level, perid,aspect等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③We are trying t reach a pint where bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I can think f many cases where students bviusly knw a lt f English wrds and expressins but culdn’t write a gd essay.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
注意：如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/which。例如：
Remember that there is still ne pint which we must make clear at the cnference tmrrw.
3．why引導定語從句
關系副詞why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于fr which。
I'm lking frward t the day when my daughter can read this bk and knw my feeling fr her.
我正期盼那一天的到來，那時我女兒可以讀這本書，并且了解我對她的感情。
Sing! China has set up a big stage fr yung peple with a talent fr music, where sme have std ut amng them.
《中國新歌聲》為有音樂天賦的年輕人建立了一個大舞臺，在這個舞臺上一些人從中脫穎而出。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他們已經到了必須分手的地步。
D yu knw the reasn why/fr which he didn't attend the meeting?
你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？
隨堂練習
1.I still remember the day I first came t this schl.
2.The time we gt tgether finally arrived.
3.Octber 1, 1949 was the day the Peple’s Republic f China was funded.
4.Shanghai is the city I was brn.
5.The huse I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
6.Is this the place they fught the enemy?
7.Please tell me the reasn yu missed the plane.
8.The reasn he was punished is unknwn t us.
9.I dn’t knw the reasn he lks unhappy tday.
(五)“介詞＋關系代詞”引導定語從句的用法
1．介詞和關系代詞的確定
若介詞放在關系代詞之前，關系代詞指人時常用whm，指物時常用which。另外，whse也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞＋whse＋名詞”結構。一般來說，確定關系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：
(1)先行詞的意義；
(2)從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；
(3)句子的意思。
Trading leather shes is the business t which the Greens are devted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(be devted t “獻身，致力于”，固定搭配)
Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.
心靈的呵護是一個漸進的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中微小的細節(jié)也應該考慮在內。
Recently I bught an ancient vase, the price f which (＝whse price) was very reasnable.
最近我買了一個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。
2．“f＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
在sme, any, few, little, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each等代詞或數詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關系可以用f which/whm。
He had a lt f friends, nne f whm wuld ffer help t him when he was in truble.
他有許多朋友，但當他遇到麻煩時沒有人會給他提供幫助。
隨堂練習
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I still remember the day I first came t this schl.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Great changes have taken place we live.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The reasn he refused the invitatin is quite clear.
隨堂練習
Ⅰ.單句填空
1.In 1984,Dr. Mary Grda-Lewis, was thirty-five years ld then, graduated with hnrs and realized her dream.
2.He said, “ added a small mustache, wuld add age withut hiding my expressin.”
3.The act, frbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in frce.
4.Our ffice wasn’t far frm Chinatwn, I fund sme very gd Chinese restaurants.
5.As mre and mre peple wn private cars, parking has becme a big headache fr many car wners, especially fr thse live in dwntwn areas withut enugh parking spaces.
6.Nw millins f fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final seasn, starts n April 14.
7.After living in Australia fr many years,Luise finally returned t the cuntry she was brn.
8.There are perhaps 40 millin cmpetitive table tennis players and many rdinary peple play less seriusly.
9.He was a great scientist and an extrardinary man wrk and legacy will live n fr many years.
10.That is an Oxfrd cllege, famus graduates include the late Benazir Bhutt.
11.But it’s nt like many ther cuntries there seems t be tensin amng the different cultures.
12.Then, a fire, brke ut in 1969 n Cleveland’s Cuyahga River, shed light n the prblem f chemical pllutin in water.
13.Pupils, usually cme frm the fifth r sixth grade, are divided int different teams and try t write dwn every wrd accrding t its prnunciatin.
14.I am already lking frward t their next visit I can shw them mre f what Seville ffers.
Ⅱ.單句填空
1.We have entered int an age dreams have the best chance f cming true.
2.Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
3.She and her family bicycle t wrk, helps them keep fit.
4.Kate, sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
5.Self-driving is an area China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
6.My eldest sn, wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
7.In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
8.I live next dr t a cuple children ften make a lt f nise.
9.We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
10.Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f has been prved.
11.Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church, yu can hear sme lvely music.
12.The number f smkers, is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
13.The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere his emplyees enjy their wrk.
14.Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn schl educatin depends.
15.China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
16.As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
17.The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.
三
There was a time 1 I was tired f learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reasn 2 my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club, 3 I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately,my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhng,cmmunicated with me face t face,frm 5 I gained sme useful instructins.He als intrduced a gd partner t me,and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6 we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide, 7 encuraged me t fall in lve with English.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English,int 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep,I recall the passages,thrugh 9 I can memrize a large number f new wrds. 10 ur English teacher says,“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance,yu will master English sner r later.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1 he went t senir high schl.Every day he wrked 2 everyne else in my class left the classrm.He said he wuldn’t stp trying 3 he gt satisfying scres in his studies.Hard 4 he tried,he made little prgress. But he didn’t lse heart at all 5 he believed as lng as he persisted he wuld succeed ne day. 6 time went by,he made imprvements in his studies and he was admitted t a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-tgether 7 we started ur new life in university. Everyne had gt ffers frm universities, 8 we had a very gd time.When we std 9 we used t play and study,we culdn’t help thinking f ur happy ld days.We believed we wuld never frget each ther, 10 we wuld g r whatever we wuld d.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
語法填空?？键c
短文改錯?？键c
寫作常用句式
1.關系代詞wh, whm, whse, which, that, as的用法；
2.關系副詞where, when, why的用法；
3.“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
1.引導非限制性定語從句該用which而誤用其他關系詞(如that)；
2.關系代詞wh, whm, whse, which, that的缺失；
3.關系代詞wh, whm的錯用；
4.先行詞是人或物時，關系代詞wh, which的錯用；
5.關系代詞as的錯用；
6.關系副詞和關系代詞的誤用；
7.人稱代詞與關系代詞的誤用。
1.As we all knw is knwn t all ... “眾所周知……”
2.As sb. puts it ...“按照某人所說的……”
3.such ...“像……這樣的……”
4.the same same as ...“像……一樣的”
5.ne f the＋復數名詞＋定語從句“……中的一個”
6.the nly ne f the＋復數名詞＋定語從句
“……中唯一的一個”
7.由which引導的非限制性定語從句。
..., which ...(which代替上文整句話，譯為“這一點”)