專題37.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用 （原卷版+解析版）

這是一份專題37.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含專題37謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用教師版---2025屆高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)人教版2019docx、專題37謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)運(yùn)用學(xué)生版---2025屆高三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)人教版2019docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共25頁(yè)， 歡迎下載使用。
目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化主要有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和主謂一致。語(yǔ)法填空主要考查形式為給出提示詞——?jiǎng)釉~，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致(語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致)；短文改錯(cuò)主要考查這三種形式的誤用。虛擬語(yǔ)氣雖然在語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò)中鮮有考查，但在寫作中屬于高級(jí)句式，它的合理運(yùn)用能給作文增色添彩，因此在二輪備考中，考生也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)這一部分知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。
(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me f myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never cnfident because f my appearance. Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class. I started getting depressed. Hwever, smene tld me smething that I will always remember.
It was in March. Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 3.________ (pint) at me and laughed at me, I culdn't help crying. The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river. T my surprise, smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “Yu 4.________ (be) perfect the way yu are. Yu shuld never change r hate yurself. Peple 5.________ (accept) yu fr wh yu 6.________ (be). But if yu cannt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her wrds. Over the past few mnths, I 8.________ (learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 9.________ (lve) me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.
(二)快捷技法
思考趨向1 填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化
提示詞是動(dòng)詞，且空格位于主語(yǔ)之后，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)句中找不到謂語(yǔ)，則所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該作謂語(yǔ)，此時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。
[解題規(guī)則]
1．如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
方法(1) 通過(guò)“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
準(zhǔn)確理解?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。
方法(2) 通過(guò)“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
在題干中，yesterday, tmrrw, always, in the past few years, s far等都是判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，做題時(shí)可以通過(guò)尋找“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。
方法(3) 通過(guò)“動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的發(fā)生時(shí)間有一定的先后關(guān)系。我們可以根據(jù)這種先后關(guān)系來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。
方法(4) 通過(guò)“語(yǔ)境暗示”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
有些題目在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過(guò)正確理解語(yǔ)境即通過(guò)題干中的語(yǔ)境暗示，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的一條行之有效的方法。
方法(5) 通過(guò)“常用句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題
掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。
2．如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析語(yǔ)境，弄明白所給動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。如果所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的承受者，該動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
注意：平時(shí)多積累、掌握一些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的特殊用法，例如belng t不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；date back t/date frm常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。
思考趨向2 填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致變化
除了要考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化外，還要考慮主謂一致的變化。
[解題規(guī)則]
1．可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
2．在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, wh, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
4．就近原則：由either ..., neither ..., nt nly (als) ...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
5．就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
6．“every/each ＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋and＋(every/each＋)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
7．mre than ne或“many a＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
思考趨向3 填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化
確定空格處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，除了考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致外，還要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化。
[解題規(guī)則]
1．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件從句中的用法
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用
(1)在suggest, rder, demand, cmmand, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recmmend等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用“(shuld＋)動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等；由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。
(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞＋that從句”句型中，that從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“shuld＋動(dòng)詞原形”。這些形容詞有imprtant, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astnishing, surprising等。過(guò)去分詞有desired, suggested, required, requested, recmmended, rdered等。
(3)在“It is (abut/high) time＋that從句”中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或“shuld＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這個(gè)句型中的shuld不可省略。
(4)在as if/as thugh引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“wuld/culd＋動(dòng)詞原形”。
(5)在wuld rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
時(shí)態(tài)
At first，Xia Ming didn’t like① schl and was① addicted t cmputer games.Every time his mther asked① him what he was ding② befre ging t bed，the answer was that he was playing② cmputer games.His father had beaten③ him many times befre Xia Ming went t middle schl，s Xia Ming prmised that he wuld study④ hard and wuldn’t play games.
Hwever，Xia Ming has changed⑤ a lt in the past three years.When thers ask abut him，his mther always answers⑥ prudly，“He is ding hmewrk⑦ at hme.He has been studying⑧ fr several hurs.”
Xia Ming will enter⑨ a gd cllege if he keeps wrking hard like this.Maybe after 3 years he will be studying⑩ in a famus university.
單句填空
1.A representative wh (see) his perfrmance befre thught he culd replace anther star wh intended t leave.
2.It (be) a traditin since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stpped trading.
3.Additinally, the kinds f facial make-up(臉譜) (be) the mst particular art in Peking pera.
4.It is said Lu Ban, wh lived in the Spring and Autumn Perid, (invent) the kite.
5.Especially famus is the wall built in 220—206 BC. Little f that wall (remain).
6.Accrding t the letter, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (help) t prmte “equality fr all children in the next generatin”.
7.The humble man (refuse) an interview invitatin after becming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he shuld.
8.Tea frm China, alng with her silk and prcelain (瓷器), began t be knwn t the wrld mre than a thusand years ag and since then it (be) an imprtant Chinese exprt.
9.It (becme) separated frm Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
Cia Ming’s Cellphne
Xia Ming’s cellphne was brken① by his father yesterday evening.I culdn’t get thrugh t him because the cellphne was being repaired② then.Befre this，his cellphne had been brken③ fur times because he was careless.Xia Ming liked cellphne games s much that he didn’t study hard.
Cellphnes are widely used④ nwadays.Hwever，many f them are being used⑤ t play games by teenagers.S far，many questins have been raised⑥by their parents.Shuld they be used⑦ by students?
Xia Ming’s cellphne will be repaired⑧ well sn.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphne will have been brught⑨ hme and will be being used⑩ t play games again.
1．掌握獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志
(1)題干中如用always，ften，seldm，smetimes，usually等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
(2)題干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ag，the ther day等，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(3)題干中如用tmrrw，next year，in a week等，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
(4)題干中如用nw，at present等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(5)題干中如用at that time，then，at six ’clck yesterday等，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(6)題干中如用at this time tmrrw，frm 1 ’clck t 3 ’clck tmrrw等，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(7)題干中如用since，s far，up t nw，in/ver/during the last year/past few years等，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2．熟記固定句型中的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)be ，when前面的句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when后面的句子常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(2)It is/has been＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已……”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
3．分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，辨析語(yǔ)態(tài)
看到主語(yǔ)為物，且動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，要想到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
4.不及物動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
An accident happened n the way hme last night and five peple were killed.
昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，死了五個(gè)人。
A big fire brke ut in ur schl last week.
上周我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。
5.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加nt，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：
Trees shuld nt be planted in summer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹(shù)。
The by was made fun f by his classmates.這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑了。
6.漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成It is＋dne...形式。如：
It is said/reprted that...據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is well knwn that...眾所周知
It must be pinted ut that...必須指出……
It must be admitted that...人們必須承認(rèn)……
It is generally cnsidered/suppsed/hped/believed that...人們普遍認(rèn)為/希望/相信……
It is generally cnsidered that the key t learning a freign language well is nthing but practice.
人們普遍認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。
It is reprted that the temperature will decline sharply in ne r tw days.
據(jù)報(bào)告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。
6.下面的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：
(1)feel/taste/smell/lk/sund＋adj.
Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn’t cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起來(lái)美味但營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。
Yur idea sunds wnderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法聽(tīng)起來(lái)很棒但不切實(shí)際。
(2)want/need/require ding
The windw wants/needs/requires repairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。
Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing t be published.你的文章出版前還需潤(rùn)色。
(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.
The clthes washes well.這些衣服很好洗。
Her new bk was interesting and sld well.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯(cuò)。
隨堂練習(xí)
1.Since the very beginning, the technlgical base needed fr 5G (cnsider).
2.These dams are smetimes six r seven hundred feet in length, and they (cnstruct) s delicately that they lk mre like the wrk f man than f little dumb beasts.
3.Later, Nelsn (award) the Presidential Medal f Freedm in recgnitin f his wrk.
4.Over the years the tpics which were cntrversial at the time (discuss) and debated.
單句改錯(cuò)
5.Every ne f yu are encuraged t visit it.
6.The vluntary activity was ffered us an pprtunity t cntribute t ur sciety.
7.When we arrived, we were warmly welcme by them.
8.Since last winter, the smg has been ccurred a lt f times.
主謂一致
1.找準(zhǔn)句子中的主語(yǔ)，看主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
2.牢記特殊用法的結(jié)構(gòu)，用對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。
3.注意結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
1．語(yǔ)法一致原則
I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each ther fr a lng time.T see her every day is② my dream.What I want t d is③ give up my present jb and wrk in her city.Hwever，all my relatives except my uncle supprt④ my idea.Smene tells⑤ me that it is nt wrthwhile t give up my jb，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every mnth.
2．意義一致原則
I have been travelling n a budget fr fur mnths.Fur mnths is① nt a shrt time.Thugh a large number f peple dn’t② understand me，the majrity f peple I met n my way are③ friendly.The ld dn’t④ supprt my crazy behaviur，but the yung admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ wrried abut me，but nw they have been used t this.
3．就近一致原則
There are① many girls having a taste fr sweet fd，but neither my sister nr I am② interested in candies.
1．用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，同一事，同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
The pet and writer has cme.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了。(一個(gè)人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tls.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩樣物)
注意：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如：bread and butter(黃油抹面包)，knife and frk(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
2．若主語(yǔ)中有mre than ne 或many a/an ，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。 但mre＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋than ne作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Many a by likes playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。
Mre than ne student was late.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。
Mre persns than ne cme t help us.不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。
3．形復(fù)意單名詞如：news；以-ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics，mathematics，ecnmics；國(guó)名如：the United States；報(bào)紙名如：the New Times；書名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜譚》；以及the United Natins聯(lián)合國(guó)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
隨堂練習(xí)
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．The teacher and pet ften (give) lectures arund the city.
2．Tw-thirds f the bks (be) abut science.
3．Nbdy but Jim and Mike (be) n the playgrund nw.
4．As far as I knw，his family nt very large but the family all music lvers.(be)
5．The pr (be) lked dwn upn in the ld days.
6．Neither his parents nr I (be) able t persuade him t change his mind.
7．Listening t lud music and rck cncerts (cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers s far.
8．Barbara is easy t recgnize as she is the nly ne f the wmen wh (wear) evening dress.
單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.”
2．Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin (be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
隨堂練習(xí)
一
On the traditinal Chinese lunar calendar, a year 1 (divide) int 24 slar terms. The slar terms 2 (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
White Dew (Bailu) is the 15th slar term and indicates the real beginning f cl autumn. The temperature 3 (decline) increasingly with the white dew n the grass and trees seen in the mrning. In many places f China, the air is clear, with the sky in great height and the cluds in peace. The gentle wind can ften 4 (feel)blwing.
Back in the ld days, gathering the white dew frm plants 5 (be)a Chinese traditin. Benca Gangmu, a Chinese herblgy dcument, written by Li Shizhen ver 400 years ag 6 (say)the white dew can 7 (use) as tea which 8 (taste) sweet with its pleasant smell and has cling effects n the bdy and keeps peple healthy.
In Suthern China, peple tend t eat lngans n 9 day. They believe the fruit can bring gd luck, make peple stay calm and cure sme typical cnditins.
Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China,wh was famus fr cntrlling flds, his gvernance f the Xia Dynasty, and his mral character. When it cmes t White Dew every year, 10 (fisherman) in Jiangsu and Zhejiang prvinces will hld a week-lng ceremny t hnr Yu the Great, hping he can bring them luck and wealth.
二
On March 28, seven 1 (mnth) after Manu Ginbili decided t retire frm the NBA, the San Antni Spurs held a mving ceremny sincerely t shw great respect t him and t retire his jersey(球衣)N. 20, which 2 (cnsider) a fitting end t ne f the greatest careers in internatinal basketball.
That day, his fans 3 (scream) ut“Gracias Manu, pr td”, r “Thanks fr everything, Manu”in English.
The Argentine-Italian shting guard played all 16 f his NBA seasns with the Spurs. He was an 4 (imprtance) part f San Antni's “Big Three” era(時(shí)代), alng 5 Tim Duncan and Tny Parker. Tgether they helped the team win fur NBA champinships between 2002 and 2014.
Of curse n this big day, Ginbili 6 (seat) between Duncan and Parker.
“Whenever I think abut yu, yu 7 (be) unique as a player,”Parker said at the ceremny.
Their cach Gregg Ppvich then 8 (explain) Ginbili's uniqueness. “The way the team 9 (set) up, we all needed each ther,” he said. “If it were nt fr Manu,there 10 (be) n champinships.”
三
Designated a “City f Design”by UNESCO in 2008, Shenzhen was the first city in China t present 1 fficial strategy arund creative develpment. This led 2 the sudden and tremendus grwth f its up-and-cming industries. S far mdern platfrms 3 (take)the place f traditinal fcuses with a wider range f creative enterprises frm smart infrastructural cnstructin t design and rbts.
Shenzhen 4 (be) a castal city n the east bank f the Pearl River Harbr, separated frm Hng Kng by a natural river brder. It 5 (recgnise) as the yungest city f China. Thugh it 6 (have) a histry f 7,000 years, its true develpment didn't start until 1980 when China 7 (start) its refrm and pening plicy. With its energy f yuth, Shenzhen has develped at an incredible speed. After being designated as the 8 (ne) special ecnmic zne in China, what was nce a fishing village has 9 (rapid) becme an emerging mdern city. In the past 30 years, it 10 (change) frm a nameless fish twn t ne f the mst prsperus cities in China. Tday, Shenzhen's speed has gathered internatinal influence.
三
Ocean pllutin 1 (be) serius. It can 2 (kill) cean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital t fcus n this issue and find ways t prevent pllutin in ur waters.
Pllutin in the ceans severely 3 (harm) sea creatures. Fr example, cean animals ften mistake pieces f plastic fr fd. As 4 result, their bellies 5 (fill) with plastic frm bttles, cntainers and beach tys. This can be deadly t the animals.
Ocean pllutin 6 (cause)risks t humans, t. Plluted water can result 7 disease amng swimmers. Als, peple eat fish which might 8 (pisn) with harmful chemicals frm il leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Sme peple may argue that cean pllutin is nt serius, believing that the ceans are s vast that they can absrb all kinds f pllutin. Hwever, the many examples f cean creatures killed by pllutin prve them wrng.
In 9 (cnclude), it’s clear that cean pllutin is a 10 (challenge)prblem. We need t learn mre abut hw t stp it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
These days, 1 wmen and men 2 (surrund) by magazines and websites full f tips n dieting, exercise and fashin. Gne 3 (be) the days when all men had t think abut wearing a nice suit t be smart and handsme. Things 4 (change).
Nw, a survey has suggested that 80% f men admit being unhappy abut their bdies. The biggest bdy issues fr them are beer bellies and lack f muscles. Sme think this sudden vanity is due t the pressure r influence f mdels we 5 (see) n TV and in magazines. Peple end up 6 a perceptin f what the perfect bdy shuld lk like. But nt everybdy 7 (want) t put in the effrt t have perfect muscles 8 Arnld Schwarzenegger. An pprtunistic designer has even 9 (invent) the muscle-enhancing shirt t make the buyer lk mre f a hunk(猛男).
But Je Warner, the frmer editr f Men’s Fitness magazine, thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just a trick. He thinks many peple in the cuntry are verweight and shuld accept that they need t d mre exercise regularly. Exercise is always gd. But we mustn’t frget beauty is nly skin-deep. Character is 10 (imprtant) than appearance.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
情況
從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
had dne
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have dne
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、shuld＋動(dòng)詞原形、were t＋動(dòng)詞原形
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
①是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式形式。
②是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。
③是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過(guò)去分詞。
④是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：wuld＋動(dòng)詞原形。
⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：has/have＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。
⑦是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。
⑧是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been＋現(xiàn)在分詞。
⑨是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動(dòng)詞原形。
⑩是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。
①是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過(guò)去分詞。
②是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。
③是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had been＋過(guò)去分詞。
④是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑤是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am are＋being＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑥是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑦是帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑧是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑨是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋have been＋過(guò)去分詞。
⑩是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be being＋過(guò)去分詞。
該原則要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
①根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
②主語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
③主語(yǔ)是從句，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。
④主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，tgether with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
⑤主語(yǔ)為smene，anyne，everyne等不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用單數(shù)。
⑥定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
①表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
②“a number f＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
③the majrity f，the rest f，分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋f＋名詞，要根據(jù)名詞的數(shù)或者是否可數(shù)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。
④“the＋adj.”往往表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
⑤family，grup，team，class，gvernment等集體名詞，當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
①here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而且主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。
②由r，nt als...，，，，等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。