外研版高考英語一輪復(fù)習選擇性必修第四冊 Unit6 Space and beyond練習含答案

這是一份外研版高考英語一輪復(fù)習選擇性必修第四冊 Unit6 Space and beyond練習含答案，共10頁。
Researchers frm Texas A&M University have develped a new biremediatin technlgy(生物整治技術(shù)) using plant-based material and fungi(真菌) that culd clean up per- and plyfluralkyl substances.
Per- and plyfluralkyl substance,als called “frever chemicals” r PFAS,are fund in sil,water,and even human and animal bld and may be harmful t humans and ther species.They are fund just abut everywhere,frm fd wrappers t clthing.These chemicals may affect the immune system and may cause liver damage.Extremely high expsures t PFAS may als be linked t cancer.
“PFAS d nt degrade easily in the envirnment and are pisnus even in a very lw cncentratin,” said Susie Dai,assciate prfessr frm Texas A&M.“They must be remved and destryed t prevent human expsure and negative impacts n the ecsystem.PFAS are s stable and they can ccur in water in a very lw cncentratin and yu have t cncentrate them and then destry them.”
The nly way t actually get rid f these “frever chemicals” is by burning them,which is a lng and expensive prcess.But Texas A&M researchers have fund a new way t use a plant-based material that adsrbs the pllutants.As explained by ScienceDirect,adsrptin is “the use f slids fr remving substances frm either gas r liquid”.The adsrbent material is then cnsumed by micrbial fungi.The team recently published their findings fr the prcess framewrk,which they call RAPIMER,in Nature.
“The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framewrk t adsrb the PFAS,” Dai explained.“Then this material and the adsrbed chemical serve as fd fr a micrbial fungus.Then it’s gne,and yu dn’t have the dispsal prblem.”
This sustainable PFAS clean-up system culd be mass-prduced fr cmmercial use,leading t a better way t remve these chemical pllutants frm the envirnment.It culd als cme in handy as the Prtectin Agency cnsiders creating PFAS threshlds(閾值) t its water quality standards.
1.What is mainly talked abut in paragraph 2?
A.PFAS’s existing frms.
B.PFAS’s dubtful rigins.
C.PFAS’s ptential dangers.
D.PFAS’s wide applicatins.
2.What did Susie Dai say abut PFAS?
A.They are unstable.
B.They degrade easily in the envirnment.
C.They survive lnger in water than in the air.
D.They are pisnus even in a lw cncentratin.
3.What happens after the plant-based material adsrbs the pllutants?
A.The material gets eaten.
B.The material becmes slid.
C.The material falls int small pieces.
D.The material ges n t adsrb fungi.
4.What is the authr’s attitude twards the plant-based material?
A.Indifferent. B.Wrried.
C.Psitive.D.Reserved.
B
The UN this week launched a reprt urging cmpanies t stp issuing false net-zer targets that amunt t greenwashing.
Greenwashing is a term used t describe situatins where cmpanies mislead cnsumers by claiming t be ec-friendly r sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a cre principle f their business mdel.Often,these industries spend mre mney making themselves appear sustainable than they d taking actual sustainable measures int their cmpany.
Cities,financial institutins,and scres f cmpanies have annunced plans t reduce their emissins t zer,which,in principle,shuld help the fight against climate change.
“The prblem is that the criteria fr these net-zer cmmitments have varying levels f precisin and lphles(漏洞),” said UN Secretary-General Antni Guterres during the launch f the reprt.
Many net-zer plans cntain far-away r unclear targets and ften call fr the use f unprved technlgies like carbn capture and tree planting,which effectively allw cmpanies t cntinue plluting the atmsphere.Studies shw that mst f these net-zer plans will d little t stp temperatures frm rising.Fr example,many il majrs have annunced plans t reduce emissins frm their peratins t zer by 2050 that d nt take int accunt the carbn emitted by the fssil fuels they sell,which wuld allw them t increase prductin.Far frm decreasing,fssil fuel prductin is ging strng.
T clse these net-zer lphles,the UN this week released a reprt that includes 10 recmmendatins t ensure that cmpanies,cities,regins,and ther nn-state actrs issue credible and accuntable net-zer cmmitments.“Their plans cannt rely n cheap carbn credits instead f immediately cutting their wn emissins,” Guterres said.
Financial institutins need t cut dwn emissins frm all their investments and businesses need t bring dwn the carbn ftprint f their supply chain,the reprt said.The reprt’s lead authr,Catherine McKenna,urged cmpanies t release new net-zer targets within a year.The updated targets must cntain cncrete actinable details.
5.What des “greenwashing” refer t?
A.A green technlgy.
B.A misleading statement.
C.A business mdel.
D.A spending target.
6.Why des the authr mentin the il majrs?
A.T prve il majrs are really respnsible.
B.T set sme gd examples fr ther cmpanies.
C.T shw sme net-zer cmmitments make n sense.
D.T indicate the benefit f net-zer plans t climate change.
7.Hw des Guterres feel abut the issued net-zer plans?
A.Dissatisfied.B.Guilty.
C.Shcked.D.Cnfused.
8.What is advised t d t fix net-zer lphles?
A.Plant mre trees.
B.Share mre supply chains.
C.Depend n cheap carbn credits.
D.Make cncrete actinable targets.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It isn’t every day that the future and the past meet n natinal televisin.
Peter Davies,a 100-year-ld Wrld War Ⅱ veteran frm Macclesfield,England struggled t find 1 in his life after his wife passed away. 2 ,when his daughter suggested he ffer his help at the lcal elementary schl,he decided t 3 it.
Peter 4 at Dean Valley Primary Schl,Bllingtn,and he is a huge hit with all f the children he tutrs.He makes reading int a fun game,and his new 5 as a grandfatherly figure makes him feel mre 6 t his cmmunity than ever befre.“The kids are 7 ;they are like spnges(海綿),”said Peter.“I’m sure I get mre ut f it than the 8 d.I’m nt this ld man wh lives n his wn.I’m part f the 9 ,which is great.Plus my street 10 is extremely gd because I’ll be ging 11 in the village and a child will shut ut ‘Hell Mr.Davies’,and I feel 12 .” In 2023,Peter received a British Empire Medal(BEM) frm King Charles Ⅲ!
Nw, 13 being just famus lcally,Peter is a natinal celebrity.He recently 14 n televisin with the yungest recipient f the BEM,18-year-ld authr and envirnmentalist Dara McAnulty.
“He is the 15 .I am the past,” Peter said f Dara.
B.wisdm
C.standardD.curage
B.Nevertheless
C.TherefreD.Mrever
B.explre
C.manageD.attempt
B.vlunteers
C.registersD.engages
B.status
C.pstD.state
B.restricted
C.equalD.inferir
B.naughty
C.patientD.great
B.humans
C.childrenD.adults
B.ppulatin
C.cmmunityD.natin
B.effrt
C.devtinD.credit
B.nwhere
C.smewhereD.elsewhere
B.hnred
C.ambitiusD.surprised
additin tB.instead f
C.due tD.in spite f
B.perfrmed
C.advertisedD.shared
B.trend
C.presentD.future
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫
閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
One New Year’s mrning,as we came dwn t breakfast,with very shiny faces and spandy aprns(圍裙),we surprisingly fund Father alne in the dining rm.
“Happy New Year,Papa! Where is Mther?” we cried.
“A little by came begging and said they were starving at hme,s yur mther went t see and ah,here she is.”
As Papa spke,in came Mamma,lking very cld,rather sad,and very much excited.“Nt far away frm here,lives a pr wman with a little newbrn baby.Six children are huddled(擠在一起) int ne bed t keep frm freezing fr they have n fire.There is nthing t eat ver there,and the ldest by came here t tell me they were starving n this bitterly cld day.My little girls,will yu give them yur breakfast,as a New Year’s gift?”
We sat silent a minute and lked at the nice,ht prridge(粥),creamy milk,and gd bread and butter,fr we were brught up like English children,and never drank tea r cffee,r ate anything but prridge fr ur breakfast.
“I wish we’d eaten it up,” thught I fr I was rather a selfish child,and very hungry.
“May I g and help carry it t the pr,little children?” asked Beth,wh had the tenderest heart that ever beat under a spandy aprn.
“I can carry that little pt,” said little May,prudly giving the thing she lved best.
“And I shall take all the prridge,” I burst in,heartily ashamed f my first feeling.
“Yu shall put n yur things and help me,and when we cme back,we’ll get smething t eat,” said Mther,beginning t pile the bread and butter int a big basket.
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2.請按如下格式作答。
We were sn ready and set ut.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As we made ur way back hme,I felt a sense f warmth in my heart.
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Unit 6 Space and beynd
Ⅰ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究,科研人員開發(fā)了一種新的生物整治技術(shù),該技術(shù)使用植物性材料和真菌,可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物質(zhì)。
1.C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,第二段主要講述的是PFAS潛在的危險。
2.D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“‘PFAS d nt degrade easily in the envirnment and are pisnus even in a very lw cncentratin,’ said Susie Dai,assciate prfessr frm Texas A&M.”可知,蘇西認為PEAS即便濃度很低也會有毒。
3.A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,這種植物性物質(zhì)在吸附了PFAS后,這種材料和所吸附的化學物質(zhì)就淪落為微生物真菌的食物,也就是被吃掉了。
4.C 根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,作者對于這種植物性材料的前景抱有積極的態(tài)度。
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國本周發(fā)布了一份報告,敦促企業(yè)停止發(fā)布相當于“洗綠”的虛假凈零目標。
5.B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Greenwashing is a term used t describe situatins where cmpanies mislead cnsumers by claiming t be ec-friendly r sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a cre principle f their business mdel.”可推知,“洗綠”指的是一種誤導(dǎo)性的說法。故選B項。
6.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Many net-zer plans cntain far-away r unclear targets and ften call fr the use f unprved technlgies like carbn capture and tree planting,which effectively allw cmpanies t cntinue plluting the atmsphere.”可知,一些凈零承諾包含遙遠或不明確的目標,往往要求使用未經(jīng)證實的技術(shù),這會允許企業(yè)繼續(xù)污染大氣。由此推知,一些凈零承諾是沒有意義的。接著文章列舉石油巨頭的例子來說明一些凈零承諾是沒有意義的。故選C項。
7.A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可推知,Guterres對凈零計劃是不滿意的。故選A項。
8.D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The reprt’s lead authr,Catherine McKenna,urged cmpanies t release new net-zer targets within a year.The updated targets must cntain cncrete actinable details.”可知,建議制定具體可行的目標來彌補凈零漏洞。故選D項。
Ⅱ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。100歲二戰(zhàn)老兵彼得·戴維斯在妻子去世后,在女兒的建議下去當?shù)匦W當志愿者,與孩子們的接觸讓他重新找到了生活的意義,他也因此成了名人。
1.A 根據(jù)本句“after his wife passed away”可知,妻子去世,他努力尋找生活的意義。
2.C 根據(jù)上文“Peter Davies,a 100-year-ld Wrld War Ⅱ veteran frm Macclesfield,England struggled t find in his life after his wife passed away.”可知,妻子去世后,他努力尋找生活的意義。因此當女兒給出建議時,他決定嘗試。前后為因果關(guān)系。
3.D 解析同上一題。
4.B 根據(jù)上文“when his daughter suggested he ffer his help at the lcal elementary schl”可知,他的女兒建議他在當?shù)匦W提供幫助,應(yīng)是做志愿者。
5.B 根據(jù)空后“as a grandfatherly figure”可知,這是一種身份。
6.A 根據(jù)上文“Peter at Dean Valley Primary Schl,Bllingtn,and he is a huge hit with all f the children he tutrs.”可知,他是志愿者,是與社區(qū)有聯(lián)系的。
7.D 根據(jù)下文“they are like spnges”可知,他在夸贊孩子們很棒。
8.C 根據(jù)上文“‘The kids are ;they are like spnges’”可知,他教的是孩子,所以他認為從這件事中,和孩子們相比,他更受益。
9.C 根據(jù)上文“He makes reading int a fun game,and his new as a grandfatherly figure makes him feel mre t his cmmunity than ever befre.”可知,他因做志愿者和社區(qū)聯(lián)系更緊密,因此可判斷他是社區(qū)的一員。
10.D 根據(jù)本句“because I’ll be ging in the village and a child will shut ut ‘Hell Mr.Davies’”可知,孩子們很喜歡他,跟他打招呼,說明他信譽很好。
11.A 根據(jù)本句“a child will shut ut ‘Hell Mr.Davies’”可知,無論去任何地方,都有孩子跟他打招呼。
12.B 根據(jù)本句“because I’ ll be ging in the village and a child will shut ut ‘Hell Mr.Davies’”可知,無論去任何地方,都有孩子跟他打招呼,他感到榮幸。
13.B in additin t 除……以外;instead f 而不是;due t 因為……;in spite f 盡管。根據(jù)本句“Peter is a natinal celebrity”可知,他不僅是當?shù)孛恕?br>14.A 根據(jù)空后“n televisin”可知,應(yīng)是出現(xiàn)在電視上。
15.D 根據(jù)上文“It isn’t every day that the future and the past meet n natinal televisin.”可知,首尾呼應(yīng)。
Ⅲ. We were sn ready and set ut.Mther led the way,carrying the basket f bread and butter,while we fllwed with ur breakfast.Arriving at the pr wman’s hme,we were met with six children huddled tgether in ne bed.Mther quickly set t wrk,warming the prridge n the stve while Beth and May helped t give away the bread and butter.I watched as they eagerly ate the fd,their eyes shining with gratitude.
As we made ur way back hme,I felt a sense f warmth in my heart.Frm that day frward,I knew that I wuld always try hard t help thse in need,n matter hw small the gesture is.And as we sat dwn t ur wn breakfast that day,I felt truly grateful fr all that we had,and fr the pprtunity t give t thse wh had s little.Giving was far mre imprtant than taking,which made the biggest difference in peple’s lives.