外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復習課時練習42 ：選擇性必修4 Unit 6　Space and beyond(含解析)

這是一份外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復習課時練習42 ：選擇性必修4 Unit 6　Space and beyond(含解析)，共11頁。試卷主要包含了 respnse　考查固定搭配， leading　考查現(xiàn)在分詞， t suffer　考查不定式， where　考查定語從句， a　考查固定搭配， effrts　考查名詞， their　考查代詞， seriusly　考查副詞等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
www.ks5u.com課時質(zhì)量評價(四十二)選擇性必修第四冊　Unit 6　Space and beyondA組·基礎鞏固Ⅰ. 語法填空AThis year marks the 50th anniversary of Earth Day. A half-century ago, activists 1. ________ (walk) to the street to speak out for the protection of the planet in 2. ________ (respond) to one of the worst oil spills (原油泄漏) in history. These activists inspired important changes in how our society views the environment, 3. ________ (lead) to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency. But protecting the earth is also a social justice issue. People of colour and poor people are often the first 4. ________ (suffer) from the climate change, because they live near highways, factories, or garbage dumps, 5. ________ there are more pollutants, for example, and they may not be able to afford fresh green foods. But you don't have to be an activist to make 6. ________ difference — in fact there are many tiny everyday 7. ________ (effort) you can make to help the planet. The environmental movement didn't start with Earth Day and indigenous people (原住民) protecting the earth as 8. ________ (they) way of life were the pioneers. I wish that everyone would see the climate crisis this way and take it 9. ________ (serious) as well. It isn't just polar bears and plastic bags 10. ________ an issue that will determine the future of life. So, actually, every day is Earth Day.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過描寫地球日來引出保護地球的話題，號召人們每天做出努力來保護地球。1. walked　考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空中的詞為謂語動詞，再根據(jù)時間狀語“A half-century ago”可知，應用一般過去時，故填walked。2. response　考查固定搭配。in response to為固定短語，意為“響應，應對”，故填response。3. leading　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空中的詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語，和修飾語之間為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填leading。4. to suffer　考查不定式。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空中的詞在句中作定語，修飾first，表示“將要”，應用不定式，故填to suffer。5. where　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“5. ________ there are more pollutants, for example, and they may not be able to afford fresh green foods”為非限制性定語從句，關系詞修飾前面的地點，在從句中作狀語，故填where。6. a　考查固定搭配。make a difference為固定短語，意為 “對……有影響”。故填a。7. efforts　考查名詞。分析句子可知，空中的詞作表語，并且有many修飾，應用名詞復數(shù)，故填efforts。8. their　考查代詞。分析句子可知，空中的詞用來修飾名詞，應用形容詞性物主代詞，故填their。9. seriously　考查副詞。分析句子可知，空中的詞用來修飾動詞take，應用副詞形式，故填seriously。10. but　考查固定搭配。not... but... 意為“不是……而是……”符合語境，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，but前后通常使用平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。故填but。B(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探測器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 1. ________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is 2. ________ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3. ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 4. ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so 5. ________ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 6. ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 7. ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8. ________ (construct)．” Data about the moon's composition, such as how 9. ________ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 10. ________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了中國的航天壯舉：成為首個讓無人探測器——“嫦娥四號”在月球背面軟著陸的國家。1. touched　考查動詞的時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，設空處為句子的謂語動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語 last week可知，此處講述的是過去的事情，應用一般過去時。故填 touched。2. extremely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用于修飾形容詞 challenging，應用副詞，故填 extremely。3. where　考查定語從句。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知，設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞spot，且引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，應用 where引導，故填 where。4. interest　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應為“be＋of＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當于“be＋adj.”，故填interest。5. than　考查連詞。結(jié)合上文中的“The far side of the moon”和“more”及下文中的“the familiar near side”可知，此處含有對比關系，對比月球的背面和正面，應用than連接兩個比較對象。故填than。6. to find　考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，設空處在句中作目的狀語，應用不定式，構(gòu)成 use sth. to do... 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“使用某物做……”。故填 to find。7. means　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境和上文中的“ This really excites scientists”可知，此處表述的是客觀情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時；且主語為it，為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞也應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填means。8. is constructed　考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，此處陳述的是客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時；從句主語 the moon和 construct之間為被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)；且the moon為單數(shù)概念，謂語應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is constructed。9. much　考查限定詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應表示“多少”，且ice為不可數(shù)名詞，故填much。10. its　考查代詞。此處修飾空后的名詞 plans，作定語，應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。Ⅱ. 根據(jù)提示補全句子1. 不論多么艱苦，我們都應努力適應新環(huán)境。(no matter how)No matter how hard it is, we should try our best to get accustomed to the new surroundings.2. 這次可怕的經(jīng)歷好像已經(jīng)給小女孩留下了陰影。(seem)The terrible experience seemed to have cast a shadow on the little girl.3. 在他看來，彈鋼琴并不比彈吉他難。(no more than)In his opinion, playing the piano is no more difficult than playing the guitar.4. 我要面對一個如此困難的問題。(such)Such a difficult question do I have to face.5. 人們相信行動勝于一切。(believe)It is believed that the actions speak louder than anything else.B組·能力提升Ⅰ. 閱讀理解On February 6, 2020, American astronaut Christina Koch arrived back on Earth after 328 days in space. Her time in space is just one of the records set by herself. That's the longest spaceflight ever made by a woman, and just one of the many things Ms Koch achieved in space.Ms Koch took off from Earth for the International Space Station (ISS) on March 12, 2019. While in space, she made 5，248 trips around the Earth, travelling 2，237 million kilometres, which is roughly the same as 291 trips to the Moon and back. During her 11 months on the ISS, Ms Koch took part in six spacewalks, spending over 42 hours in all outside the station. In October of 2019, Ms Koch led the first ever all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir.But for most astronauts, space travel isn't about setting records. It's about doing science. Ms Koch took part in a wide variety of special experiments, including studying how crystals (晶體) grow in space, how atoms (原子) behave in extreme cold and learning more about growing plants in low gravity. Growing plants in space could be an important way to provide food on future trips. She also tested a new way of separating liquids from gases. This experiment could lead to simple methods of cleaning water and air in space, which could be very important for future space travel.Ms Koch isn't just a scientist and astronaut. She is also being studied. She's part of a NASA programme studying how astronauts are affected by being in space for long periods of time. Her trip was only 12 days shorter than the American record set by Scott Kelly in 2016. As they did with Mr Kelly, NASA scientists are looking carefully at ways Ms Koch's body has been affected by her time in space. That research is important for the longer space trips NASA hopes to make in the future, such as for a base on the Moon or a trip to Mars.1. Which of the following is an achievement Ms Koch has made?A. Making the longest spaceflight by herself.B. Leading the first women-only spacewalk.C. Cleaning water and air successfully in space.D. Staying outside the ISS continuously for 42 hours.2. What does the author want to tell us with so many detailed figures in Paragraph 2?A. Koch made historic breakthroughs in space.B. Koch went through a life-threatening space trip.C. Koch completed admirable tasks in the space travel.D. Koch is the most experienced astronaut in NASA.3. Which statement agrees with the text?A. Astronauts are competing to set new records.B. Koch's team produced their own food in space.C. NASA has founded a scientific base on the Moon.D. Koch's research is significant for space exploration.4. What can be the best title for the text?A. Record-Setting Astronaut Koch Returns to EarthB. US Astronauts Carried out Experiments in SpaceC. Spacewalks Have Successfully Been Done on the ISSD. NASA is Studying Astronauts for Longer Space Trips【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了美國宇航員Koch女士做了創(chuàng)紀錄太空飛行之后返回了地球，以及她為太空飛行所做出的巨大貢獻。1. B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In October of 2019, Ms Koch led the first ever all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir.”可知，Koch女士領導了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故選B。2. C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“That's the longest spaceflight ever made by a woman, and just one of the many things Ms Koch achieved in space.”及第二段用大量的數(shù)字列舉了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令人敬佩的任務可知，選項C符合題意。故選C。3. D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“This experiment could lead to simple methods of cleaning water and air in space, which could be very important for future space travel.”可知，她的研究對于未來的空間探索具有重要意義。故選D。4. A　標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了美國宇航員Koch女士做了創(chuàng)紀錄的太空飛行之后返回了地球，以及她為太空飛行所做出的巨大貢獻。故選A。Ⅱ. 閱讀七選五(2021·重慶九校聯(lián)考)In springtime, many Americans take on a major project: cleaning their homes from top to bottom. We often call this kind of work “spring cleaning”. Part of spring cleaning often involves clearing out clutter (雜物). We do away with things we no longer need.If we are to believe the many stories on Marie Kondo, the Queen of Clean, clutter adds unnecessary stress to our lives. Clutter is holding us back from our dreams and goals.   1  An expert on the subject, Sabine Kastner of Princeton University, has been studying how the brain processes clutter for 20 years. The media, Kastner says, often writes about clutter in a very simple, black-and-white way: Clutter affects the mind and we need to clear it out. But it is much more complex than that. For starters, our brains are designed to deal with clutter. Very early in the development of our eyesight, we begin to group objects that we see.   2  According to Kastner, there is not a one-size-fits-all solution.   3   In fact, some people need to see their work. If something is carefully put away, to them it does not exist anymore. Out of sight, out of mind. For other people, objects can stimulate their creativity and give them ideas.  4   Kastner notes that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them. These people may need more organisations and less clutter to work well.  5   Whether the area is cluttered or clear — they work the same. And for others it may depend on the project. For administrative work, they might need a clear workspace. But for more creative projects, they may need many things around them. It is complex.A. But is it true?B. What is working and what is not?C. Some people do not care either way.D. This helps us to structure our environment.E. People need to be able to design their workplaces.F. The idea that an uncluttered workplace is better, is not universally true.G. However, other people are unable to work in a cluttered environment.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。一項研究表明，雜亂的工作環(huán)境對人的影響因人而異，并非所有的雜亂都是壞事。1. A　空格前的“Clutter is holding us back from our dreams and goals.”與下文觀點“But it is much more complex than that.”形成矛盾，因此作者質(zhì)疑此觀點，故選A。2. D　根據(jù)前一句“For starters, our brains are designed to deal with clutter. Very early in the development of our eyesight, we begin to group objects that we see.”可知，下一句應該講述大腦處理混亂的能力所帶來的好處，故選D。3. F　根據(jù)前一句“According to Kastner, there is not a one-size-fits-all solution.”可知，并不是每個人都認可工作環(huán)境越整潔越好的觀點，故選F。4. G　根據(jù)下一句“Kastner notes that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them.”可知，本段主要講述有一些人無法在雜亂的環(huán)境中工作，故選G。5. C　根據(jù)第四段和第五段內(nèi)容可知，對于一些人來說，物品可以激發(fā)他們的創(chuàng)造力，給他們靈感；而另一些人無法在雜亂的環(huán)境中工作，再由所給空格的下一句“Whether the area is cluttered or clear — they work the same.”可知，還有一些人并不關心工作的環(huán)境是凌亂還是整潔，故選C。Ⅲ. 應用文寫作假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Jean來信了解中國青少年的上網(wǎng)喜好。請你予以回復，并以自己為例，談談你最喜歡的網(wǎng)站或app及理由。注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】Dear Jean，Glad to know that you are interested in what Chinese teenagers like to do online, I am writing to tell you more about it.As smartphones have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing online with their phones. Shopping online and chatting with friends via WeChat or QQ are becoming increasingly popular. As for me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Forest, which encourages users to adopt low-carbon activities. I have a great sense of achievement when I turn the energy from low-carbon life into real trees through it. Are you using this app?What about your favourite application? Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours，Li HuaⅣ. 讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Carl lost his job. He tried to find another one but it wasn't easy. The poor fellow couldn't pay his bills because he had so little money, and he couldn't ask anybody to lend him any.Carl spent his days at home. He looked out of the window and watched his neighbour's house. An old professor lived there alone. Strangely, he never talked to his neighbours. Carl could see into the professor's house because he never drew the curtain. The rooms were full of antique furniture and vases. Carl thought, “Why haven't I got an antique vase? I could sell it for a lot of money.”Every day Carl saw the professor. He left at 10 o'clock in the morning and came home at 4 o'clock. He had a dog. Carl often went to the fence and played with it or gave it a piece of meat. One day Carl thought, “I will go into the professor's house and steal a vase. I will break the window and climb in. The dog is not a problem.”There was an old gun in the cellar. It had been his great grandfather's favourite thing a long time before. Carl didn't want to use the gun but he thought, “Anything could happen.”He wanted to hide the gun under his coat but it was too long so he cut the end off with a saw.The next morning he watched the professor leaving home at 10 o'clock. Carl climbed over the fence. The dog ran to him and Carl gave it a big bone. He threw a piece of stone through the window, which broke. It wasn't high. He could climb into the house easily.He looked around inside. There were paintings on the walls, small figures and vases on the shelves and the floor. Carl didn't know much about arts. He couldn't choose. He reached his hands towards a big vase when he heard a noise. The front door opened and someone entered the house.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。     It was the professor. He had left an important document at home. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The professor was much scared. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】It was the professor. He had left an important document at home. Carl became so afraid that he pulled out the gun without a second thought. The professor came into the room and saw him.“What are you doing in my house？” he asked surprisedly and angrily. “I haven't stolen anything. Just let me go or I will shoot！” cried Carl, pointing the gun at the professor with his trembling hands.The professor was much scared. Suddenly he burst into laughter. “With that gun？” asked the professor. Strangely, he didn't seem frightened of Carl any more. He continued, “You can't shoot with that antique gun. You should have put it in the museum actually.” “Is this really an antique gun？” asked Carl. “How much is it worth？” “It was worth about 17，000 dollars，” said the professor. “But now you can get 10 dollars for it.” “Why？” asked Carl. The professor replied, “Because, you see, its end is missing.”