2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第二冊UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS課件

這是一份2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第二冊UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS課件，共57頁。PPT課件主要包含了核心單詞閱讀詞匯，減少減小降低，severe，decrease，thinking，cell，virus，finding，vaccine，solid等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.chlera n.霍亂
2.diarrhea n.腹瀉
3.dehydratin n.脫水
4.germ n.微生物；細(xì)菌；病菌5.prf n.證據(jù)；證明；檢驗
6.interventin n.介入；出面；干涉
7.raw adj.未煮的；生的；未經(jīng)處理的；原始的8.statistic n.[pl.]統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料；統(tǒng)計學(xué)9.epidemilgy n.流行病學(xué)10.micrscpe n.顯微鏡11.prtein n.蛋白質(zhì)
12.framewrk n.框架；結(jié)構(gòu)
13.shadw n.陰影；影子；背光處14.rainbw n.彩虹
15.leadership n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能16.telescpe n.望遠(yuǎn)鏡
高頻詞匯1.________ adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的2.___________ adj.大量的；價值巨大的；重大的3.________ n.減少；降低；減少量　vt.& vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)
substantial
4.________ n.思想；思維；見解5.________ n.細(xì)胞；小房間；單間牢房
6.________ n.病毒
7.________ n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決
8.________ n.疫苗
9.________ adj.可靠的；固體的；堅實的　n.固體10.________ vt.投射；向……投以(視線、笑容等)；投擲
11.________ vt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)
12.__________ n.混凝土　adj.混凝土制的；確實的；具體的
13.___________ adj.優(yōu)秀的；杰出的；明顯的
14.________ adj.抽象的；理性的　n.(文獻(xiàn)等的)摘要
15.________ n.概念；觀念
16.________ adj.聰穎的；絕妙的；明亮的
拓展詞匯1._________ adj.懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的→frustrate v.使受挫折；令人沮喪→_________ n.挫折；失?。皇б?.________________ adj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的→
cntraditin n.矛盾；反駁
3.infect vt.使感染；傳染→________ adj.被傳染的→________
cntradictry
4.subscribe vi.認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費(fèi))→ ___________ n.訂閱→___________ n.訂戶5.________ adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiply v.乘；(使)
blamelessly
6._________ vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象→___________ adj.猜疑的；疑心的；表示懷疑的
7._________ vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé)
blameful adj.應(yīng)受責(zé)備的；該受責(zé)備的→blameless adj.無可指責(zé)的→____________ adv.無可責(zé)難地
subscriptin
8.handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.處理；搬動；操縱(車輛、動物、
工具等)→_________ n.處理者；管理者
9.________ n.聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)→linker
n.鏈接器→________ adj.連接的；鏈接的
10.pure adj.干凈的；純的；純粹的→________ adv.純粹地→
________ v.凈化
transfrmatin
11.transfrm v.使改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變→______________ n.轉(zhuǎn)變；變化
12.________ adj.最初的；開始的；第一的→initially adv.最初13.mechanical adj.機(jī)械的；發(fā)動機(jī)的；機(jī)器的→__________ n.
14.defend vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解→________________ n.防衛(wèi)；防御措施→__________ adj.防守的；防御用的15.____________ n.助理；助手→_________ v.幫助；促進(jìn)→assistance n.幫助；援助
defense/defence
16.trace vt.追溯；追蹤；查出 n.痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡→________adj.源于→________ n.追蹤者17.________ adj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的→_______n.禮物；贈品；天賦；天才18.________ adj.穩(wěn)定的；平穩(wěn)的；穩(wěn)步的→steadily adv.穩(wěn)定
19.astrnmy n.天文學(xué)→_____________ n.天文學(xué)家
20.fault n.弱點(diǎn)；過錯→________ adj.有錯誤的；有缺點(diǎn)的；出毛病的
21.shift n. 改變；轉(zhuǎn)移；輪班
vi.& vt. 轉(zhuǎn)移；挪動；轉(zhuǎn)向→
________ adj.變化的；詭異的；機(jī)智的→_________ adj.懶惰的；得過且過的；沒出息的22.vivid adj.生動的；鮮明的；豐富的→_________ adv.生動地；強(qiáng)烈地
【熟義】adj.未經(jīng)處理的；原始的【生義】adj.未煮的；生的
【典例】Peple can becme infected after eating raw r
undercked meat.人們在吃生的或未煮熟的肉后可能會被感染。
【熟義】adj.固體的；堅實的 n.固體【生義】adj.可靠的
【典例】Yu need smene wh is slid and stable.你需要一個
重點(diǎn)短語1.attend ________ 照顧；致力于2.nce and fr ________ 最終地；徹底地
3._________ t 同意；贊同
4.be t ________ 應(yīng)受到責(zé)罰；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任
5.________ t 幸虧；由于
6.________ this reasn 由于這個原因
7.break _______ (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)8.in charge ________ 主管；掌管9.________ dwn 患(病)；染上(小病)10.abve ________ 最重要的是；尤其是
1.It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump smuch that she ________ ________ ________ t her huse every day.看起來似乎是這個女人如此喜歡水泵的水以至于她每天都把水運(yùn)到她家。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 1：have sth.dne 讓某事被做
2.The peple wh drank this water were much ________________ t get chlera ________ thse wh drank pure r biledwater.喝這種水的人比喝純凈水或白開水的人更有可能感染霍亂。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 2：意為“比……更……”
3.Hwever, ________ might have made him such an utstandingand creative scientist ________ prbably his strng interest in therthings, such as music and drawing.然而，能讓他成為如此杰出而又有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是他對其他事物的強(qiáng)烈興趣，比如音樂和繪畫。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 3：what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句
4.________ he ________ ________ with a disease which causedhim t lse the use f mst f his muscles, his wrld became ne fabstract thught.由于他得了一種使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病，他的世界變成了一個抽象的思想世界。句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式 4：since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句
課文復(fù)現(xiàn)Jhn Snw, a well-knwn dctr in Lndn, became 1.________(inspire) when he thught abut helping rdinary peple wh2.______________ (expse) t chlera, a 3._________ (dead) diseasef its day.Many thusands f peple died and sme needed4.__________________________ (attend) t every time there was anutbreak because n ne knew the cause f it. Jhn Snw wanted thelp slve the prblem.
were expsed
t be attended/attending
Dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries 5.________(explain) hw chlera killed peple.He believed in the secnd thery6.________ suggested that peple 7._________ (absrb) the diseasewith their meals.In 1854, 8.________ anther utbreak hit Lndn, hewas ready t test the tw theries. 9.________ the help f the map hemade, he gt a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease and wasable t annunce that the water was 10.__________ (blame).
單句語法填空1.Land is _______ (severe) depleted by urbanizatin, ppulatingrwth, intensive agriculture and climate change.2.She has always subscribed ________ the view that childrenshuld be given respnsibility frm an early age.3.It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were _______
4.She came ________ with this summer flu everyne's gettingand went hme befre I gt in.
5.Plice did nt identify the ________ (suspect), but said he was
frm Alger, Washingtn.
6.Yu can ________ (pure) water by biling and filtering number f peple wh have the disease has _________
(decrease) significantly in recent years.
substantially
8.There are ne r tw minr differences, but they're _________
(substantial) the same text.
9.Children and verseas students shuld be able t learn newwrds withut cnstant __________ (assist).10.She was a ________ (gift) painter in Eurpe.
1.severe adj.極為惡劣的；十分嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的【典例】
①M(fèi)any peple feel the punishment shuld have been mre severe.
許多人覺得這個懲罰本應(yīng)該更嚴(yán)厲些。
② Severe stress typically sends the bdy int a state f shck,flding it with varius hrmnes and metablites. 嚴(yán)重的壓力常使身體處于休克狀態(tài)，體內(nèi)充斥著各種激素和代謝物。
severe cnditin 苛刻條件severe punishment 嚴(yán)厲懲罰severe cld 嚴(yán)寒
severe stress 嚴(yán)重壓力
be severe with/n sb.對……嚴(yán)格/發(fā)火
【辨析】severe, strict 與 serius
(1)severely adv.嚴(yán)重地(2)severity n.嚴(yán)重程度
(1)The party suffered ________ ________ (嚴(yán)重?fù)p失) during thelast electin.
(2)Punishment frm plice is ften mre severe ________students and will prevent future bullying better.(3)The chances f a full recvery will depend n the ________(severe) f her injuries.
2.subscribe vi.認(rèn)購(股份)；定期訂購；定期交納(會費(fèi))
①If yu subscribe t this newspaper, yu'll get an extra magazine.
如果你訂閱這份報紙，你會得到一本額外的雜志。
②Hw much did yu subscribe t the disaster fund？你向賑災(zāi)
subscribe t 訂閱；同意；贊同；捐款subscribe fr 認(rèn)購；預(yù)定
subscribe regularly 定期訂購
subscribed capital 已發(fā)行資本；認(rèn)購資本
【辨析】subscribe 與 apprve
subscriptin n.捐助；訂閱費(fèi)；會員費(fèi)；訂購，訂閱subscriptin service 訂閱服務(wù)annual subscriptin 年度訂閱
(1)On tp f that, I dn't have t subscribe ________ anythingand I dn't have anything t recycle r thrw away.(2)The scial business starts with all the ___________ (subscribe)capital it shuld need.
(3)他定期向這個組織捐款。He ___________ _________ t this rganizatin.
3.blame vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n.責(zé)備；指責(zé)
She blamed her husband fr the failure f their marriage.她因他
們婚姻的失敗責(zé)怪她的丈夫。
blame sb.fr sth.因某事而責(zé)怪某人
sb.be t blame (fr...) 某人應(yīng)承擔(dān)(……) 責(zé)任；該( 因……) 受
表示某人該受責(zé)備時，常用主動形式 sb.be t blame 表示被動
take/bear the blame fr 承擔(dān)……的責(zé)任
take/bear respnsibility fr 承擔(dān)(對壞事應(yīng)負(fù)的)責(zé)任
【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)My life is ruined and I suppse I nly have myself _________
(2)There's n reasn fr us t bear the blame ________ them.(3)I used t blame my parents ________ messing up my life.
4.link n.聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
①Of curse, mst f China was flurishing at the time, but theywere able t get a rad built t link them up t the rest f China.當(dāng)然了，那段時間整個中國都是一派繁忙景象。這個村子建了一條公路，從此與外界相通。
②Pliteness is the way we individual humans link up with therest f the human wrld utside f ur circles f family and friends.禮貌是我們?nèi)祟悅€體在家庭和朋友圈子之外與人類世界的其他部分聯(lián)系的方式。
【歸納】link up 會合；連接；聯(lián)系link up with 與……聯(lián)系起來把……和……連起來be linked t/with 與……連接；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)；與……有聯(lián)系【即學(xué)即用】
(1)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _______ the rest f Eurpe.
(2)這些樂隊已聯(lián)合起來，準(zhǔn)備辦一場慈善音樂會。The bands have ________ ________ fr a charity cncert.(3)每個目的地的名字會與另外一個包含著更多細(xì)節(jié)的文件相
The name f each destinatin might _______ ________ _______anther dcument that cntains mre details.
5.transfrm vt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變
①She helps transfrm literature int braille t bring the pwerf stry and knwledge t the hearts and minds f blind readers.她幫著把文學(xué)作品翻譯成盲文，把故事和知識的力量帶到了盲人讀者的心中。
②I'm fully aware that it's the experience frm my life abrad thathas ttally transfrmed me.我充分地意識到正是我在國外的經(jīng)歷完全地改變了我。
transfrm sb./sth.使……改觀；使……煥然一新
transfrm sb./sth.(frm...)int...使……(從……)變成……transfrm int 轉(zhuǎn)換成……【拓展】
(1)transfrmatin n.(外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變；變革(2)transfrmer n.變壓器
(1)Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lkingback, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety ____an industrial pwer.完成句子，每空一詞(2)最好的公司可以依靠一個好主意在幾年內(nèi)從萌芽成長為
The best nes can take a gd idea and use it t ______________________ frm embrys ________ giants in a few years.
1.thanks t 幸虧；由于【典例】
①We've reached ur gal f $50,000, thanks t the genersityf the public.由于公眾的慷慨解囊，我們已經(jīng)達(dá)到了我們的目標(biāo)50 000 美元。
②Thank yu fr that lvely meal; it was a veritable feast！謝謝
你的那頓美餐，真是一頓名副其實的盛宴！
表示“由于”的短語有：due t, wing t, because f, n accunt
f, as a result f。
due t 用于較莊重的書面語中，側(cè)重“起因于”，在句中多作表語，有時作狀語。wing t 可以和 due t 換用，但在句中多作狀語，也可作表語。because f 著重說明某種理由，在句中通常作狀語。
(1)________ (thank) fr helping my grandmther get t the htel.(2)The flight was delayed, ________ (we) t the bad weather.完成句子，每空一詞(3)多虧了商品潮和財政收入的增加，近幾年來多國政府才能
順利挺過經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時期。
________ ________the cmmdity bm and rising revenues,gvernments in many cuntries have had an easy time f it in the pastfew years.
2.break ut (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)【典例】
①When Wrld War I brke ut, he seemed t have becmeanther man, dwnhearted.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時他似乎變成了另一個人，變得非常消沉。
②Our sldiers quickly brke thrugh the enemy's defense wrks.
我軍戰(zhàn)士很快突破了敵軍的防御工事。
break ut f 突破
break away frm 脫離；擺脫
break dwn 出故障；垮掉；打破；消除break thrugh 沖破；突破break in 插嘴；闖入break int 破門而入
break ff 中斷；折斷；斷絕
break up 打碎；破碎；結(jié)束；解散
(1)要是他能踩著什么東西就好了，他就能夠脫離那個急流了。If nly he culd get his feet n smething, he were able t _____________ f the swift current.(2)這個年輕人有足夠的勇氣去打破傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)。The yung man was curageus enugh t ________ ________
frm traditinal ideas.
(3)他中斷了談話去接電話。
He ________ ________ speaking t answer the telephne.
3.abve all 最重要的是；尤其是【典例】①She was the apple f his eye and he lved her abve allhumanity.她是他的掌上明珠，他愛她勝過一切。
abve all things. 他
②They tld him it was what they wished們告訴他，這正是他們最大的心愿?！練w納】abve all things 最重要的是；首先是
【拓展】all in all 總的來說all ver 到處；處處all but 幾乎；差不多【即學(xué)即用】
(1)All ________ all it had been a great success.
(2)最要緊的是你們一定要保持聯(lián)系。________ ________, make sure yu keep in tuch.(3)他的筆跡幾乎沒法辨認(rèn)。It was ________ ________impssible t read his writing.
1.It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s
much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(教材 P2)看起來似乎是這個女人如此喜歡水泵的水以至于她每天都把水運(yùn)到她家。
【剖析】本句中 have sth.dne 是常見用法，意為“讓某事被
①I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs
taken.我需要一個新護(hù)照，所以不得不拍新照片。
②(2020·全國Ⅱ卷·閱讀理解 C)Unusual fashin shws in NewOrleans and Brklyn have nutria fur made int clthes in differentstyles.在新奧爾良和布魯克林不同尋常的時裝表演上，海貍鼠的皮毛被制成了不同風(fēng)格的衣服。
(1)have sb./sth.ding sth.意為“讓某人或某物一直做某事”，在否定句中，尤其與 wn't、can't 等連用時，可表示“容忍或允許”之意。
(2)have sb.d sth.意為“讓/使某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實。
【即學(xué)即用】單句語法填空(1)Yu'd better have yur eyes ________ (examine) tmrrw.(2)As a respnsible teacher, he can't have any f his students________ (cheat) in the exam.(3)Tell the persn yu're srry and explain that yu have amillin things _______ (d) and then ask if the tw f yu can talk at
a different time.
2.Hwever, what might have made him such an utstandingand creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther
things, such as music and drawing.(教材 P8)然而，能讓他成為如此杰出而又有創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家，可能是他對其他事物的強(qiáng)烈興趣，比如音樂和繪畫。
【剖析】本句是 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)
①“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that theywere full f smiles，” Bridges said.“我能夠為給予最多的人們所說的是他們都充滿了微笑?！辈祭锲嫠拐f。
②What's particularly interesting is the attitude varius citieshave tward Dubanchet's cause.特別有趣的是各個城市對杜班切特事件的態(tài)度。
that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有任何含義；而 what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。如：
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.I'll d what I can (d) t help him.