高中英語外研版 (2019)選擇性必修 第四冊Unit 6 Space and beyond課堂教學(xué)課件ppt

這是一份高中英語外研版 (2019)選擇性必修 第四冊Unit 6 Space and beyond課堂教學(xué)課件ppt，文件包含2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6SpaceandbeyondDevelopingideas課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊ppt、2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6SpaceandbeyondStartingoutUnderstandingideas課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊ppt、2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6SpaceandbeyondUsinglanguage課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊ppt、2020_2021學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6Spaceandbeyond課件外研版選擇性必修第四冊ppt等4份課件配套教學(xué)資源，其中PPT共199頁， 歡迎下載使用。
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)本單元所學(xué)單詞填空 1. ______(提交) an applicatin2. this ________(很好的) new ____(光盤)3. the space ________(望遠鏡)4. _____(斜置) his chair5. stars ________(看不見的) t the naked eye
6. the mst ______________(簡單的) task7. the values f ____________(自律) and respnsibility8. _____(去拿) yur cat9. strain a ______(肌肉)10. seasn with salt and _______(胡椒粉)11. When we ______(打噴嚏), ur eyes clse.
straightfrward
self-discipline
Ⅱ. 選詞填空in reality, enable sb. t d, allw sb. t d, wrk ut, be engaged in, be cmpsed f, be invisible t, at the edge f, lk back t, be clse t1. He was cnsidered hnest, but ________he was nt. ?2. She and her yungest sn ______________be reunited with their family finally. ?3. We _____________a great and mst glrius cause nw, never undertaken by ur frefathers. ?4. Many stars _____________peple n Earth because f haze f light. ?s
were allwed t
are engaged in
are invisible t
5. We have had meaningful negtiatins and I believe we __________a deal. ?6. Our schl has set up a leading grup that _____________ld, middle-aged and yung cadres. ?7. It tk me sme time t ________what was causing this. ?8. The sftware _____________access the Internet in secnds. ?9. We std ____________the cliff and lked dwn at the valley belw. ?10. I like t ___________my high-schl days, which were the happiest in my life. ?
is cmpsed f
enables yu t
at the edge f
Ⅰ. 文本整體理解: 理清文章架構(gòu)
Ⅱ. 文本細節(jié)理解: 探尋語篇細節(jié)信息1. Hw did peple create a wrld in the sky? A. By their naked eyesB. By telescpe C. By their imaginatinD. By passing frm muth t muth
2. Hw des the authr rganize the passage ? A. By the rder f time　　　　B. By the rder f space C. By giving examples D. By listing numbers
3. Why is the “Eyes f Heaven” referred t in the para. 4? A. T cmpare the technlgy between ur cuntry and ther cuntries. B. T shw the effect it has n space explratin. C. T prve its advantages ver ther telescpes. D. T shw the effrt ur cuntry made t see even further int space. 4. What can’t we infer frm the passage? A. The first telescpe made much difference t watching the night sky. B. The Hubble Space Telescpe came int being 400 years ag. C. ”Eyes f Heaven” has the ability t make discveries beynd ur imaginatins. D. There are still much f the universe t be explred.
答案: 1～4. CCDB
Ⅲ. 文本素養(yǎng)提升: 閱讀技能綜合運用1. 根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細致解構(gòu)語句。(1)The planets were seen t be wrlds ________________(形容詞短語作狀語 ), ______________________________________(獨立主格 )?譯文: 這些行星被視為與我們的行星相似, _________________________。
similar t ur wn
many f them even having their wn mns.
其中許多甚至有自己的衛(wèi)星
(2)Nthing in histry has allwed us t see s much ver such great distances, frm enrmus cluds f gas _______________________(where引導(dǎo)的定語從句), t huge black hles, and even t new planets ________________________________(where引導(dǎo)的定語從句). ?譯文: 歷史上沒有任何東西能讓我們在如此遙遠的距離上看到如此之多的東西, 從恒星誕生的巨大氣體云, 到巨大的黑洞, _____________________________________。
where stars are being brn
where we might cnceivably find life
甚至是我們可能在那里找到生命的新行星
(3)In these waters, mre than 200 meters deep, _________________________(where引導(dǎo)的定語從句), are extrardinary creatures ________________________________________________________(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句). ?譯文: 在這些200多米深的水域里, 光線無法到達, 它們是非同尋常的生物, _____________________________________。
where light cannt reach
that appear as if they are straight ut f science fictin
看起來就像是直接從科幻小說中脫穎而出
(4)Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, ___________________(同位語), ___________________(非謂語動詞短語作定語)?譯文: 目前, _________________________________________——FAST望遠鏡, 該望遠鏡于2016年完工。
the FAST telescpe
cmpleted in 2016.
中國運營著世界上最大、最強大的射電望遠鏡
2. 閱讀主題活動。(1)Why d yu think peple have always been interested in the stars? Because the sky can be seen but untuched, full f stars, and there are mysterius stries invlving stars, which attracts peple t knw mre abut them. ?
(2)Have yu ever used a telescpe? Share yur experience with the class. I used a telescpe when I visited China Museum f Science and Technlgy. Frtunately, I gt a chance t lk at the stars, using a telescpe. Initially, using it incrrectly, I didn’t see anything. Finally, I made it. The sky is breathtakingly beautiful, full f shining stars. They are f different shapes, and even sme invisible t the naked eyes can be seen clearly. ?
3. 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成短文?！　husands f years ag, peple already regarded the night sky (1)__ an endless surce f fascinatin. It was believed (2)____ the huge eyes f the large-eyed, brnze statues frm the Chinese archaelgical site at Sanxingdui, were able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. Our pwer t see the sky changed (3)___________(dramatic)when the first telescpe was angled at the night sky. It extended the pwer f the human eye and caused us
dramatically
(4) ________(realise) that the universe is a far larger place than we ever imagined. In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescpe (5) ____________(launch)int rbit. Fr (6) ___ first time peple culd enjy the beautiful images f ur universe. These ranged frm enrmus cluds f gas and even t new plants. In 2016, the FAST telescpe was built in China. It is used in the search fr dark matter, (7)______ can’t be bserved by rdinary telescpes. Its vast dish has the ability t make discveries beynd ur (8)____________(imaginatin). Althugh the
was launched
imaginatins
(9)_________(advance )technlgy allws us t see further and further int space, the human quest fr knwledge reaches even beynd that. S much f the universe remains unexplred (10)____ we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery. ?
1. enable. . . t d. . . 使……能夠……*Our pwer t investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescpe was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the pwer f human eye and enabling us t understand that the universe is far lager than was previusly imaginable. 當(dāng)?shù)谝慌_望遠鏡對準(zhǔn)夜空時, 我們研究和理解太空的能力發(fā)生了巨大的變化, 它使人類的眼睛的力量增強, 使我們能夠理解宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。
*The new test is believed t enable dctrs t detect the disease early. 人們相信新的檢測手段能夠使醫(yī)生們盡早查出這種疾病。*The supprt systems t enable wmen t realize their ptential at wrk are seriusly inadequate. 使婦女在工作中發(fā)揮潛力的支持體系嚴(yán)重不足。
【名師點津】后綴-en或前綴en-加在某些形容詞或名詞后/前, 均可構(gòu)成動詞。后綴-ensharp → sharpen(使)變鋒利deep → deepen(使)變深brad → braden(使)變寬weak → weaken(使)變?nèi)鮯trength→ strengthen (使)強壯
前綴 en-rich → enrich 使豐富large → enlarge 擴大able → enable 使能夠danger → endanger 使處于險境curage→encurage (使)有勇氣
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空①And I think that when we d, this will enable us _______(mve) peace clser and mve terrr further away. ?②This will ______(able)the audience t sit in cmfrt while watching the shws. (2)It is these skills that __________________lifelng friendships. ?正是這些技能才使我們能夠發(fā)展終生的友誼。(3)The new equipment _________________________the place freely. 這個新的設(shè)備使殘疾人能自由的進入這個地方。?
enable us t develp
enables the disabled t enter
2. be engaged in. . . 忙于……*T see even further int the universe, many cuntries are nw engaged in building ever mre advanced telescpes. 為了更深入地觀察宇宙, 許多國家都在建造更先進的望遠鏡。*He is engaged t an elegant lady wh is fnd f purchasing csmetics. 他與一位喜歡購買化妝品的優(yōu)雅女士訂婚了。*Despite her illness, she remains actively engaged in shaping plicy. 盡管有病在身, 她還是積極參與政策的制定。
*Her father engaged a tutr t imprve her maths. 她的爸爸請了一位家庭教師給她補習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。
【語塊積累】be engaged in. . . 　　　　　忙于……=be busy ding/with sth. 忙于做某事=be ccupied with sth. /in ding sth. 忙于做某事be engaged t sb. 　　　　與某人訂婚engage in. . . /ding sth. 參加; 參與engage sb. t d sth. 雇用某人做某事engagement n. 訂婚; 約會; 雇用
【即學(xué)活用】 語法填空(1)They were ________ (engage)t be married, but I hear they have brken up. (2)Try t find humur in life and engage __ activities that make yu laugh. (3)They planned t engage a baby-sitter ______(take)care f their newly-brn baby. ?
3. invisible adj. 看不見的*Ultravilet rays are invisible t humans thugh ants and hneybees are sensitive t them. 人類是看不見紫外線的, 盡管螞蟻和蜜蜂對紫外線很敏感。*Using telescpe, Galile discvered stars that were invisible t the naked eye. [詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]?伽利略利用望遠鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了肉眼看不見的恒星。
【語塊積累】be invisible t. . . 　　　　對……看不見visible(反義詞) adj. 看得見的; 可見的
【名師點津】in-是否定前綴, 意為“不, 非”active→inactive 不活潑的　　visible→invisible 看不見的crrect→incrrect 不正確的cmplete→incmplete 不完整的accurate→inaccurate 不正確的
【即學(xué)活用】 (1)語法填空①The lines were s finely etched as t be ________(visible)frm a distance. ②The huse was surrunded by trees, invisible __ enemies. (2)Nt nly is the cmet ______ by telescpe but als it ______________________. ?這顆彗星不僅用望遠鏡能看見而且肉眼也可以看見。
is visible t the naked eye
4. clse t. . . (時間)快……; (距離)靠近; (關(guān)系)親近; (程度)幾乎……*S much f the universe remains unexplred that we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery. 宇宙中有如此多尚未被探索的地方, 我們只是接近這不可思議的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅的開始。*It’s clse t shwtime nw, s yu shuld step int the dressing rm. 表演時間快到了, 你得進化妝室了。*Stand clse t me, s yu can have a better lk. 站得離我近點, 你可以看得更清楚。
*I became clse t my grandfather befre his death. 在我祖父去世前, 我開始與他親密起來。*The anxius cnsultant was clse t tears with frustratin, but she held back. 這個焦慮的顧問沮喪得幾乎要哭了, 但她忍住了。
【名師點津】clse與clselyclse t 中的clse 既可以是副詞也可以是形容詞。clsely adv. 緊密地; (關(guān)系)親密地; (程度)仔細地*The students were sitting clse tgether and whispering. 學(xué)生們緊挨著坐在一起竊竊私語。*Light industry is clsely related t agriculture. 輕工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)密切相關(guān)。*The cuple are chatting clsely. 這對夫妻正在親密地聊天。
【即學(xué)活用】 (1)選詞填空 (clse/clsely)①The scientists gt ______ in tuch with the astrnauts. ②Cme _____ t me. I want t tell yu smething imprtant. ③The _____ friends are talking with each ther ______. (2)When I saw his face, I came _______________. ?當(dāng)我看到他的臉時, 我差一點就笑出來了。(3)The ___________have a secret that must ________________. ?這對密友之間有個秘密要嚴(yán)加保守。
clse t laughing
clse friends
be clsely guarded
5. Fr example, the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. 例如, 在三星堆的中國考古遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的古蜀國, 人們認為它能夠從很遠的地方看到星星。?
【句式解構(gòu)】本句sb. /sth. be believed t have dne句式, 表示“據(jù)認為做了……”。*The game is believed t have cast a shadw n the team. 據(jù)說這個比賽給這個團隊蒙上了陰影。*Bell is believed t set ut fr America t have a hliday. 貝爾被認為要動身去美國度假。*The cnsultant is believed t be abusing his right in dealing with the cmplaint frm a custmer. 據(jù)說這個顧問在處理顧客的投訴問題時濫用了他的權(quán)利。
*The schlar is believed (t be)learned/a learned prfessr. 據(jù)說這個學(xué)者是博學(xué)的/一個博學(xué)的教授。
【語塊積累】sb. /sth. be believed/cnsidered/thught類似結(jié)構(gòu)的還有: pretend, happen, appear, seem, claim及be said t d sth. 等。
【名師點津】 動詞不定式的形式及意義·一般式形式　主動: t d 被動: t be dne意義　與謂語動詞表示的動作同時或先后發(fā)生·進行式形式　t be ding意義　謂語表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時, 不定式表示的動作正在進行或即將發(fā)生
·完成式形式　主動: t have dne 被動: t have been dne意義: 先于謂語的動作發(fā)生或表示想做而未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或計劃等·完成進行式形式　t have been ding意義　不定式表示的動作先于謂語表示的動作發(fā)生, 且謂語的動作發(fā)生時其仍在進行
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空①Several yung men pretended _____(be)plicemen, but were caught at last. ?②The engine just wn’t start. Smething seems ___________(g)wrng with it. ?(2)The suspect ________________________________fr many times. 據(jù)說這個嫌疑人已經(jīng)被詢問了好多次了。?(3)Citizens __________________________the air pllutin. ?市民似乎正在抱怨空氣污染。
was believed t have been questined
seem t be cmplaining abut
【要點拾遺】1. be cmpsed f. . . 由……組成*The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter, thught t be cmpsed f subatmic particles invisible t rdinary telescpes. 據(jù)了解, 500米長的碟狀“天眼”被用于尋找暗物質(zhì), 暗物質(zhì)被認為是由普通望遠鏡看不見的亞原子粒子組成的。
*Assignments fr this curse cnsist f tw individual assignments and ne grup assignment. 本課程作業(yè)包括兩份個人作業(yè)以及一份小組作業(yè)。*This cllectin is made up f three parts: pems, essays and shrt stries, especially histrical nes. 這本冊子是由詩、散文和短篇小說尤其是歷史小說三部分組合而成的。These nine planets, tgether with the sun, make up what is called ur slar system. 這九大行星和太陽一起組成了我們的太陽系。
【語塊積累】·由……組成的多種表達: 整體+cnsist f+部分部分+make up+整體整體+be made up f+部分整體+be cmpsed f+部分
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空The newly-published bk cnsists __ 10 chapters, each chapter having 30, 000 wrds. (2)一句多譯我們隊由15 名隊員組成。________________________________________________________________________________________________?
Our team cnsists f 15 members. ?
Our team is made up f 15 members. ?
Our team is cmpsed f 15 members.
2. Astrnauts als need t keep themselves clean. ?宇航員也需要保持自己的清潔。
【句式解構(gòu)】“keep+賓語+賓語補足語”句式, 表示“使……處于某狀態(tài)”。*The situatin kept him in a dilemma. 這種情況使他左右為難。*If yu change yur address, please keep me infrmed. 如果你換地址了, 請告知我。*He kept his eyes clsed t relax himself. 他在閉目養(yǎng)神。*It is a waste f mney, if yu keep the light n during the day time. 如果你白天把燈開著, 那是浪費錢。
【語塊積累】賓語補足語的形式: 能跟keep一樣可以用現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞, 形容詞, 副詞, 介詞短語, 名詞作賓補的詞有: find+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)……處于某種狀態(tài)”; “l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……保持/處于某種狀態(tài)”。
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空 ①We went abrad, keeping ur pet dg _____(take)care f. ②He kept his sn _______(run)n the track in spite f the strng wind. ③Lking thrugh the windw, she fund the bss ______(bury)in his rutine wrk. ④(2019·天津高考)Yet, nw that I’m grwing and the wrld I nce knew as being s simple is becming mre cmplex, I find myself _______ (need)a way t escape.
(2)We shuld ______________________________. ?我們應(yīng)該保持教室整潔干凈。(3)I’m srry t _____________________________. ?對不起, 讓你久等了。
keep ur classrm clean and tidy
have kept yu waiting fr s lng
3. Imagine what wuld happen if they caught a cld and started t sneeze! ?想象一下, 如果他們感冒并開始打噴嚏會發(fā)生什么事! 【句式解構(gòu)】本句是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。*If I were yu, I wuld chse t wrk in a small twn. 如果我是你, 我會選擇在小城鎮(zhèn)工作。(事實上我不是你)*If it had nt been fr yur help yesterday, I culd nt have paid the university fee. 如果昨天沒有你的幫助, 我不會支付得起大學(xué)學(xué)費。(事實是你昨天已經(jīng)幫助了我, 所以我支付了學(xué)費)
*If things were t be twice, all wuld be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次, 人人皆可成為聰明人。(事實是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)。
注意: (1)如果從句中有were, had, shuld, 可以省略if, 用倒裝句式“were/had/shuld+主語”。*If I were at schl again, I wuld study better. =Were I at schl again, I wuld study better. 如果我回到學(xué)校, 我會學(xué)得更好。*If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus. =Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
如果你早點來, 你就趕上公共汽車了。*If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. =Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. 如果明天下雨, 我們就不去爬山了。(2)若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時, 不能用動詞的縮略形式。Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. (√)Weren’t it fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. (×)如果不是因為費用問題, 我現(xiàn)在就出國了。
【即學(xué)活用】 語法填空(1)If all the creatures n earth ___________(disappear)in the future, human wuld die ut t. (2)If there _____ (be)n air r water, there wuld be n living things n the earth. (3)If he _________(take)my advice, he wuld nt have made such a mistake. ?
disappeared
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空1. The cmmittee made up f 20 members wants t keep the law ________(effect). 2. Every substance, n matter what it is, is cmpsed __ very small particles called mlecules. . 3. If yu came tmrrw, we __________(have)the meeting. ?4. Bell is cnsidered _______________(invent)the telephne. ?5. He’s clse t _______ (sign)a cntract when he stpped.
t have invented
6. The sldiers were engaged __ a military peratin clse t the Ugandan brder. 7. If she refuses t fllw rules abut car safety, she wn’t be allwed _____(use)the car. ?8. They designed a new prgramme t enable lder peple _______(study)at cllege?9. If yu make this mistake again, I will keep yu ________ (stand)fr a day. 10. If I _____ (be)yu, I wuld take an umbrella.
Ⅱ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. It is said that he has been designated as the incming minister. ___________________________________________________(sb. /sth. be said. . . )?2. But fr his generus help, I culdn’t have gne thrugh the hard time. ______________________________, I culdn’t have gne thrugh the hard time. (if引導(dǎo)的條件虛擬句)?
He is said t have been designated as the incming minister.
If he hadn’t helped me generusly
3. Because nbdy had any mre t say, the meeting was clsed. ___________________________, the meeting was clsed. (獨立主格)?4. Thse wh were affected by the earthquake will get financial aid frm lcal gvernment. Thse _______________________will get financial aid frm lcal gvernment. (非謂語動詞作定語)?5. As we all knw, he nce was put int prisn. We all knw ___________________________________. (同位語從句)?
Nbdy having any mre t say
affected by the earthquake
the fact that he nce was put int prisn
Ⅲ. 完成句子1. The girl staring at him, the by _________________didn’t knw what t say. ?姑娘兩眼望著他, 這個從事教學(xué)的男孩不知道說什么好。2. The stne discvered by the farmer ________________________________________. ?這個農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)的這塊石頭被認為可以追溯到唐代。3. It’s nly with the heart that ne can see rightly and what is essential ____________the eye. ?只有用心才能發(fā)現(xiàn)真相, 只靠眼睛是看不見的。
engaged in teaching
was believed t date back t the Tang Dynasty
is invisible t
4. Each grup shuld ______________at least ten members. ?每組至少應(yīng)由十人組成。5. They fund the three __________target practice, ne f whm __________tears with frustratin. ?他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那三個人在練習(xí)打靶, 其中一個人沮喪得快要哭出來了。
be cmpsed f
Ⅳ. 結(jié)合課文主題使用本單元詞匯與句型, 根據(jù)提示寫一篇50詞左右的短文1. 使人們一直探索的夜空是無窮的魅力源泉。(keep+賓語+賓語補足語)2. 隨著望遠鏡的發(fā)明, 我們可以看到許多肉眼看不見的美麗事物。(telescpe/be invisible t/the naked eyes/with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
3. 雖然太空望遠鏡使我們能看到越來越遠的太空, 但宇宙的許多地方仍有待探索。(allw sb. t d/非謂語動詞作定語)The night sky which keeps peple explring has been an endless surce f fascinatin. With telescpe invented, many beautiful things invisible t ur naked eyes can be seen. Althugh the space telescpes allw us t see further and further int space, there are much f the universe t be explred. ?
十八　Unit 6　Develping ideas【語用訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ. 單句語法填空1. Glass is used t make spectacles, micrscpes and _________(telescpe). 2. The by was watching a mirrr ______(angle) t reflect light frm a windw. 3. We still dn’t knw hw many _______ (galaxy)there are in the universe. 4. We culd have flashed by ne anther like tw pieces f ______(csms) dust. 5. The missin culd ___________(cnceivable)be accmplished within a week.
6. Nantechnlgy is the science f materials at the mlecular r _________(subatm) level. 7. There are ________ (particle)f dust in the air. 8. Breeze wafts yellw leaves in the air, Autumn watches, clsely, silently, ________(invisible). 9. Culd yu _____ (fetch)me the apples that I bught frm the supermarket? 10. Infectins are spread by cughing, spitting, and ________(sneeze).
Ⅱ. 選詞填空in reality; enable. . . t; allw. . . t; wrk ut; be engaged in; be cmpsed f; be invisible t; at the age f; lk back t; be clse t 1. There is ________a gap between the ideal and the actual. ?2. The new test shuld ______ dctrs __ detect the disease early. 3. The Gvernment will _____ them __ advertise n radi and televisin4. In the east, ur cuntry adjins Krea and _________Japan. ?
5. The student decided t ________the difficult prblem by himself. ?6. As I lk ut, I ___________that memrable day. ?7. He’d drpped ut f high schl ___________16. ?8. He des whlesale business, while his brther ____________retail business. ?9. Many stars verhead _____________the naked eye. ?10. The paper _____________three parts: preface, main text and cnclusin. ?
at the age f
is engaged in
完成句子1. I knw a garden ________________________________. ?我知道一個花園, 在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引導(dǎo)定語從句)2. The by ___________________________. ?剛才和我說話的那個男孩是我弟弟。(t whm引導(dǎo)定語從句)3. The huse __________________________is my uncle’s. ?窗戶面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whse引導(dǎo)定語從句)
where yu can find wild strawberries
t whm I spke is my brther
whse windws face the street
4. The rm _________________________. ?朝南的房間是我們的教室。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語)5. The cncert ____________________was a great success. 該交響樂團舉行的音樂會大為成功。(過去分詞作定語)?
facing suth is ur classrm
given by the symphny
【文體解讀】Ⅰ. 閱讀理解A　　D astrnauts get space sickness when they travel frm Earth t the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS)? Yes, astrnauts can get space sickness travelling t the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (擁擠的)Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw, than the ld Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability t mve arund in the Space Shuttle increased the chance f space sickness happening.
As yu prbably knw, gravity is lwer inside the ISS. The lw gravity in space allws astrnauts t flat arund, which lks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments shw that space sickness is related t ur inner ear. Tw separate parts f the inner ear respnd t sudden changes in directin. If yu shake r mve yur head very quickly, yu can get dizzy. Hwever, this nrmally passes very quickly. This nrmal respnse is upset under lw gravity: yur inner ear thinks yu are cnstantly mving. It takes sme time t adapt t the new cnditin f weightlessness. It is made wrse if yu mve yur head while yur bdy is still adapting. This is why previus astrnauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely t suffer frm space sickness mre than the current astrnauts travelling in the cramped Syuz spacecraft. The astrnauts were less likely t mve their heads arund very much in a narrw space.
Space sickness was nt talked abut in the early space missins (任務(wù)). The riginal Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Syuz, cramped. The astrnauts were less likely t get sick, s space sickness n lnger became a cncern f NASA. In 1983 the first detailed study was carried ut abard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7)by astrnaut-dctr Nrm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astrnauts themselves. Nne f them wanted t admit being space sick. They were wrried that missin cntrl might remve them frm space walking pprtunities, r even wrse, that they might nt get included n later space missins.
【文章大意】本文是說明文。宇航員會得太空病嗎? 文章介紹了會造成太空病的原因。1. What was the prblem with the Space Shuttle? A. It was t slw. B. It was t small. C. It brke dwn ften. D. It had t much space.
【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw, than the ld Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability t mve arund in the Space Shuttle increased the chance f space sickness happening. 可知, 先前使用的太空飛船空間太大, 增加了宇航員得太空病的幾率。故選D項。
2. Hw des lw gravity hurt astrnauts? A. It fls their inner ear. B. It causes pain in their head. C. It stps them shaking their head. D. It prevents them measuring their weight. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知, 在太空低重力的環(huán)境中, 內(nèi)耳應(yīng)對突然改變的方向的能力受到了干擾, 會將宇航員漂浮的狀態(tài)視作對方在不斷移動, 進而造成宇航員的暈眩, 如果宇航員搖頭, 暈眩會加劇。故選A項。
3. Why wasn’t NASA wrried abut space sickness until later missins? A. The cnditin had been kept secret t the public. B. There were few detailed studies n it. C. The ld spacecraft were better equipped. D. The astrnauts were less likely t get sick.
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知, 先前使用的“水星”號飛船和“雙子星座”號飛船與現(xiàn)在使用的“聯(lián)盟”號飛船的空間一樣狹窄, 所以宇航員不易得太空病。再結(jié)合第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw可知, 若飛船空間狹小, 則宇航員不易得太空病, 這也是為什么美國國家航空航天局之前未將太空病視作憂患的原因。故選D項。
4. What des the underlined wrd “hampered” in the last paragraph mean? A. Changed. 　　　　　B. Imprved. C. Blcked. D. Cmpared. 【解析】選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句后兩句可知, 宇航員們不愿意承認自己曾遭受太空病的侵擾, 擔(dān)心這會影響自己的職業(yè)生涯, 這妨礙了對太空病的研究。由此推知, 畫線詞hampered意為“阻礙, 妨礙”。故選C項。
B　　Since peple first launched rckets int space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all srts f things. Sme f them, like the camera, were lst by astrnauts while they did wrk utside their spacecraft. But much f the space junk is made up f little pieces f things that were nce bigger bjects, until they struck each ther and brke apart.
But space junk falling n rfs is nt the biggest wrry. Scientists are cncerned abut the “Kessler” prblem. Imagine what happens when an empty rcket strikes anther while rbiting the earth. Tw big things becme many smaller things. They then hit ther things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles.
Marc Castrnuv, an Italian Space Agency researcher, says launching a satellite int space that wuld get very clse t sme f the larger pieces f space junk. The satellite wuld cnnect a small rcket t the useless bject. When the rcket expldes, it pushes the junk int a lwer and slwer rbit, nearer the Earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmsphere. Mr Castrnuv has prpsed using a number f small satellites with rbtic arms. One arm wuld catch the space junk, and anther arm wuld cnnect the rcket. He imagines that each satellite culd jump frm ne large piece f junk t anther. He thinks this methd culd destry abut ten large bjects each year.
Scientists have been cncerned abut space junk fr many years. Right nw, the csts f the clean-up have been t great. Mr Castrnuv says his system culd be put in place fr a much mre reasnable amunt f mney. S what can be dne t clean up the space arund ur planet?
【文章大意】本文是篇說明文, 主要講的是太空中存在著許多垃圾, 這些垃圾慢慢會對地球及以后發(fā)射的太空飛船構(gòu)成威脅, 科學(xué)家們正在研究如何清理它們。5. We can learn frm the text that much f the space junk ______. ?A. was left by the astrnauts n purpseB. is mainly made up f brken spaceshipC. is usually made f small pieces f thingsD. burns up befre it reaches the atmsphere
【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。從第一段的“But much f the space junk is made up f little pieces f things that were nce bigger bjects”可知, 許多的太空垃圾都是由曾經(jīng)是更大物體的小碎片構(gòu)成的。故選C項。
6. Nw scientists are mst wrried that space junk will ______. ?A. harm the future space vehiclesB. d sme harm t the atmsphereC. fall n peple’s huse rfsD. destry the habitat f wildlife【解析】選A。推理判斷題。從第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云層, 那以后發(fā)射的太空飛船就會遇到危險了?？芍F(xiàn)在科學(xué)家最擔(dān)心太空垃圾會危害未來空間飛行器。故選A項。
7. It implies in the last but ne paragraph that ______. ?A. clearing up the space will actually cst littleB. small rckets als d harm t the atmsphereC. nly rbts can clear up the space cmpletelyD. it is still difficult fr us t clear up the space【解析】選D。推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知, 清理太空垃圾不是一件非常容易的事情, 故選D項。
8. What is the text mainly abut? A. Space junk threatens earth’s rbital envirnment. B. Scientists use different methds t clear up space junk. C. Spacecrafts will meet with a lt f space junk in the future. D. Marc cmes up with many methds t deal with space junk. 【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要講的是太空中存在著許多垃圾, 這些垃圾慢慢會對地球及以后發(fā)射的太空飛船構(gòu)成威脅, 科學(xué)家們正在研究如何清理它們。故選A項。
【技巧點撥】 推理判斷題往往是針對文中某一句話, 也可能是某幾句話, 從文章的表面含義挖出所隱藏的內(nèi)容, 最終推出答案。本文第2小題, 從第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云層, 那以后發(fā)射的太空飛船就會遇到危險了, 可知現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家最擔(dān)心太空垃圾會危害未來空間飛行器, A項正確。
Ⅱ. 閱讀填句　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。A New Trend f Micr MuseumsIs Making Science Prtable　　Science museums are amazing. Yu can see large dinsaur bnes frm the huge creatures that disappeared thusands f years ag r take a lk at cells under a micrscpe. 　1　. ?
Yu can learn s much at a science museum if living clse enugh t ne. Hwever, fr thse wh dn’t live in a city, getting a chance t visit science museums is nt easy. “　2　, their influence is limited. There just aren’t enugh science museums, ” said Charles Philipp. “And due t the high csts, it’s unlikely that we’ll be seeing a bunch f new traditinal science museums ppping up all ver the cuntry anytime sn. ”
Philipp and his partner Amanda Schchet have decided t reinvent science museums by getting them small. They funded MICRO, a nnprfit rganizatin that builds tiny 6-ft-tall science museums, which are prtable and replicable (可復(fù)制的). 　3　. They can get access t it fr free in such places as waiting rms f hspitals, libraries, airprts, and even shpping malls. ?
　4　, they made it with the help f a team f engineers, strytellers, and designers. Each f the micr museums has a scientific tpic. The first museum is the Smallest Mllusk (軟體動物) Museum shwing the wrld f mllusks, which has wn great ppularity as the nly museum devted just t mllusks. A secnd museum is the Perpetual Mtin Museum that fcuses n physics and engineering and will fficially pen next year. It asks why things mve, and why they stp. 　5　Hpefully ne will cme t a neighbrhd near yu sn. ?
A. Science museums are beneficialB. While the cntent is vitally imprtantC. Althugh it csts nthing t visit museumsD. The plan is t get peple f all ages cnnected with scienceE. Even thugh making the tiny museums a reality was difficultF. Such new museums allw peple t explre fun scientific tpicsG. Yu can als learn t think like an engineer by building a mdel ship
【文章大意】本文介紹了一種只有6英尺高的便捷式可復(fù)制的微型科學(xué)博物館, 它使人們更容易接觸科學(xué)博物館和學(xué)習(xí)新的科學(xué)知識。1. 【解析】選G。根據(jù)前一句“Yu can see large dinsaur bnes frm the huge creatures that disappeared thusands f years ag r take a lk at cells under a micrscpe”和下文中的“Yu can learn s much at a science museum . . . ne”可知, 此處應(yīng)是舉例你可以在科學(xué)博物館做的事情, 故G項符合語境。
2. 【解析】選B。結(jié)合上文中提及博物館的好處以及下文講到“their influence is limited. There just aren’t enugh science museums”可知, 空處與后半句有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 故B項合適, 此處意為“盡管科學(xué)博物館的內(nèi)容非常重要, 但是它們產(chǎn)生的影響有限”。3. 【解析】選D。上文提到了Charles Philipp和Amanda Schchet決定建造微型科學(xué)博物館, 空處說明了他們建造微型科學(xué)博物館的目的, 是對前一句的進一步闡述。
4. 【解析】選E。根據(jù)上文對微型科學(xué)博物館的描述及下文“they made it with the help f a team f engineers, strytellers, and designers”可知, 建造這樣的科學(xué)博物館絕非易事, 但他們成功了, 故E項符合語境。5. 【解析】選F。上文主要介紹了兩種主題的微型科學(xué)博物館, 第一種以軟體動物為主題, 第二種則關(guān)注物理學(xué)和工程學(xué), 這些新型科學(xué)博物館能夠使人們了解科學(xué)方面的知識, 故F項符合語境。
描述太空生活經(jīng)歷【范例點評】假如現(xiàn)在是2050年, 你剛參加過學(xué)校組織的一次火星旅游, 請根據(jù)提示寫一篇80詞左右的短文。要點如下: 1. 出行方式及路線(乘航天飛機到達太空站再到達火星); 2. 所見所聞, 如外星人(alien); 3. 你的感受。
It is 2050. Our schl rganized a trip frm the Earth t Mars. Firstly, we reached a space statin by a spacecraft after a ne-day jurney frm Earth. After a shrt break and then tw hurs later, we landed n Mars. The aliens n Mars are very kind and friendly, and what surprised us is that they speak English much better than us. There are lts f ther amazing things. We even came acrss a talking stne. The living envirnment f aliens is really cmfrtable. This is much better than we thught. What a wnderful jurney!
【文體解讀】1. 話題特點　　太空生活經(jīng)歷, 屬于新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“人與自然”主題語境中的“宇宙探索”主題群, 旨在通過將特定主題和學(xué)生的生活建立聯(lián)系, 深化學(xué)生對宇宙探索的認識。寫該類主題的作文, 首先要思考太空生活的細節(jié), 然后用相關(guān)的詞匯和表達組織作文框架, 最后形成全文。
2. 話題詞匯(1)the same as. . . 　　　　　和……一樣(2)stay clean and neat 保持整潔(3)have a knwledge f. . . 對……了解(4)just as we d n earth就像我們在地球上做的一樣(5)astrnaut宇航員(6)in space在太空
3. 話題句式(試著替換方框中的黑體部分, 變成你需要表達的意思)開篇常用句式: (1) Living in space is nt the same as living n Earth. (2)The astrnauts’ bdies change in space. (3)The way they stay clean and neat is different t.
結(jié)尾常用句式: (1)Hping yu can have a knwledge f the life in space. (2)As far as I am cncerned, life in space is incnvenient but interesting. (3)In my pinin, living in space will be turned int reality ne day.
【遷移訓(xùn)練】你的朋友Jim給你來信, 想通過你所觀看的太空生活影片和新聞報道來了解宇航員, 請根據(jù)提示信息, 介紹一下你的觀點: 1. 宇航員漂浮使骨頭開始變得又軟又薄。2. 在太空中, 沒有重力的牽引, 血液會流向上半身和頭部。3. 宇航員回到地球必須休息, 以便他們的身體有時間制造新的血液和水。注意: 1. 詞數(shù)80個左右; 2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出, 不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim, 　　I’m writing t intrduce t yu hw the astrnauts stay healthy in space. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yurs, Li Hua
【遣詞】1. 失去力量　　　　　___________?2. 導(dǎo)致骨骼變?nèi)鮛_______________________?3. 對……不利____________?4. 重力的牽引________________?5. 看起來浮腫_________?6. 制造新的血液______________?7. 暈倒_____
lse strength
cause the bnes t get weak
be bad fr. . .
the pull f gravity
make new bld
【造句】1. 完成句子(1)他們的腿不怎么活動, 他們的下背部開始失去力量。They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t ___________. ?(2)這種情況導(dǎo)致骨頭變得脆弱和薄。This _________________________and thin. ?(3)這對宇航員的身體非常不利。It _____________astrnauts’ bdies. ?(4)在太空中, 因為沒有重力的牽引, 血液會流向上半身和頭部。In space, because there is n ________________, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head. ?
causes the bnes t get weak
is very bad fr
2. 句式升級(5)用非謂語動詞和非限制性定語從句把(1)(2)(3)合并。They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t lse strength, causing the bnes t get weak and thin, which is very bad fr astrnauts’ bdies. ?(6)把(4)改成簡單句。In space, withut the pull f gravity, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head. ?
【成篇】Dear Jim, 　　I’m writing t intrduce t yu hw the astrnauts stay healthy in space. 　　Living in space is nt the same as living n Earth. In space, astrnauts flat. They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t lse strength, causing the bnes getting weak and thin, which is very bad fr astrnauts’ bdies.
The heart and bld change in space, t. In space, withut the pull f gravity, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head. Water in the bdy als des the same thing, which makes the astrnauts’ faces lk puffy. When the astrnauts cme back t Earth, the astrnauts have t rest s their bdies have time t make new bld and water. If they dn’t, they can feel very weak. They might even faint! 　　Hping yu can have a knwledge f the life in space. Yurs, Li Hua
The tpic: space explratinPrs: Many new prducts, such as weather and cmmunicatin satellites, are prducts f space prgrams. It can help predict dangers and prtect the earth. It can help us expand ur living rm.
Cns: Space may be plluted by human beings and break the natural balance f space. There may be anther hrrible truth that we may be fund by aliens because f the satellites sent t the far space. The time and mney spent n space explratin is t much t calculate. Yur pinin: _______________________________?
I am in favur f space explratin.
The reasn: First f all, it has prduced thusands f useful prducts that help t imprve ur ecnmy, prductivity and lifestyle, strengthening the verall natinal strength. Secnd, taking the lead in space explratin can make the peple prud and increase their sense f belnging t the cuntry. What’s mre, space explratin makes us understand the uter envirnment, cnstructin f atmsphere and the regular pattern f stars. ?
【導(dǎo)語】《夏洛的網(wǎng)》是一部描寫關(guān)于友情的童話, 在朱克曼家的谷倉里, 小豬威爾伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真摯的友誼。威爾伯的生命有危險時, 看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威爾伯, 但, 這時, 蜘蛛夏洛的生命卻走到了盡頭。作者用童話的敘事風(fēng)格表現(xiàn)出對生命本身的贊美與眷戀, 給了我們關(guān)于生命的深沉的思索。
Chapter 11　The Miracle The next day was fggy. Everything n the farm was dripping wet. The grass lked like a magic carpet. The asparagus patch lked like a silver frest.
On fggy mrnings, Charltte’s web was truly a thing f beauty. This mrning each thin strand was decrated with dzens f tiny beads f water. The web glistened in the light and made a pattern f lveliness and mystery, like a delicate veil. Even Lurvy, wh wasn’t particularly interested in beauty, nticed the web when he came with the pig’s breakfast. He nted hw clearly it shwed up and he nted hw big and carefully built it was. And then he tk anther lk and he saw smething that made him set his pail dwn. There, in the center f the web, neatly wven in blck letters, was a message. It said: SOME PIG!
Lurvy felt weak. He brushed his hand acrss his eyes and stared harder at Charltte’s web. “I’m seeing things, ” he whispered. He drpped t his knees and uttered a shrt prayer. Then, frgetting all abut Wilbur’s breakfast, he walked back t the huse and called Mr Zuckerman. “I think yu’d better cme dwn t the pigpen, he said. ” “What’s the truble? ” asked Mr Zuckerman. “Anything wrng with the pig? ”“N-nt exactly, ” said Lurvy. “Cme and see fr yurself. ”The tw men walked silently dwn t Wilbur’s yard. Lurvy pinted t the spider’s web. “D yu see what I see? ” he asked.
Zuckerman stared at the writing n the web. Then he murmured the wrds “Sme Pig. ” Then he lked at Lurvy. Then they bth began t tremble. Charltte, sleepy after her night’s exertins, smiled as she watched. Wilbur came and std directly under the web. “Sme pig! ” muttered Lurvy in a lw vice. 　“Sme pig! ” Whispered Mr Zuckerman. They stared and stared fr a lng time at Wilbur. Then they stared at Charltte.
“Yu dn’t suppse that that spider. . . ” began Mr Zuckerman—but he shk his head and didn’t finish the sentence. Instead, he walked slemnly back up t the huse and spke t his wife. “Edith, smething has happened, ” he said, in a weak vice. He went int the living rm and sat dwn and Mrs Zuckerman fllwed. “I’ve gt smething t tell yu, Edith, ” he said. “Yu better sit dwn. ”Mrs Zuckerman sank int a chair. She lked pale and frightened.
“Edith, ” he said, trying t keep his vice steady, “I think yu had best be tld that we have a very unusual pig. ”A lk f cmplete bewilderment came ver Mrs Zuckerman’s face. “Hmer Zuckerman, what in the wrld are yu talking abut? ” she said. “This is a very serius thing, Edith, ” he replied. “Our pig is cmpletely ut f the rdinary. ”“What’s unusual abut the pig? ” asked Mrs Zuckerman, wh was beginning t recver frm her scare.
“Well, I dn’t really knw yet, ” said Mr Zuckerman. “But we have received a sign, Edith—a mysterius sign. A miracle has happened n this farm. There is a large spider’s web in the drway f the barn cellar, right ver the pigpen, and when Lurvy went t feed the pig this mrning, he nticed the web because it was fggy, and yu knw hw a spider’s web lks very distinct in a fg. And right spang in the middle f the web there were the wrds ‘Sme Pig’. The wrds were wven right int the web. They were actually part f the web, Edith. I knw, because I have been dwn there and seen them. It says,
‘Sme Pig, ’ just as clear as they can be. There can be n mistake abut it. A miracle has happened and a sign has ccurred here n earth right n ur farm, and we have n rdinary pig. ”“Well, ” said Mrs Zuckerman, “it seems t me yu’re a little ff. It seems t me we have n rdinary spider. ”“Oh, n, ” said Zuckerman. “It’s the pig that’s unusual. It says s, right there in the middle f the web. ”