專題46.詞義猜測(cè)題——上下文中求答案（原卷版+解析版）

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目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航

詞義猜測(cè)題7大猜詞技巧
要做好詞義猜測(cè)題，考生除了必須熟練掌握《考試大綱》規(guī)定的詞匯外，在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中還要注意積累生詞和短語(yǔ)，掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識(shí)，對(duì)于各種前、后綴的變化形式了然于心，還要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，掌握一定的解題技巧。
一根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需要猜測(cè)其意義的詞或短語(yǔ)，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)后的解釋(名詞同位語(yǔ))、破折號(hào)后的解釋、括號(hào)內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：
①Annealing is a way f making metal sfter by heating it and then letting it cl very slwly.
句子給予了annealing一個(gè)明確的定義，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but als very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
從that is(也就是說(shuō))后的解釋中我們可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman,_wh lks after sheep, earns abut 650 yuan a year.
定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ks after sheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherus;_its sudden changes ften endanger the lives f sailrs.
分號(hào)后的句子在解釋什么樣的天氣是treacherus, sudden change與treacherus在語(yǔ)義上相對(duì)應(yīng)，因此含義是“突變的”。
⑤Sme gd readers find it helpful t use their sense t visualize — r picture — what they read.
visualize的意思由破折號(hào)后的picture(想象)給出了說(shuō)明，因此含義為“想象”。
⑥When President Trrijs f Panama met Carter, he tried t give him a friendly abraz (hug)．
abraz對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)都很陌生，但由括號(hào)內(nèi)的hug(擁抱)，我們不難推測(cè)abraz也是“擁抱”的意思。
[例1]
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
[分析] 根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子可知，人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致許多語(yǔ)言消失，而逐漸被英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言取代，畫線詞前后的解釋暗示了這些語(yǔ)言逐漸占主導(dǎo)地位，故選C項(xiàng)pwerful (強(qiáng)大的，有影響力的)。
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)甲卷）C篇節(jié)選
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest (當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。
二．根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時(shí)后面緊跟一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對(duì)前面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。例如：
①They traveled a lng way, at last gt t a castle,_a large building in ld times.
同位語(yǔ)部分“a large building in ld times”給出了castle的確切詞義，即古時(shí)候的“城堡”。
②We are n the night_shift — frm midnight t 8 a．m. — this week.
兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
③The “Chunnel”， a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France, is nw cmplete.
此句中“a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France”是Chunnel的同位語(yǔ)。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之間的海底隧道。
[例2]
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐獻(xiàn)者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位語(yǔ)；根據(jù)文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻(xiàn)者捐獻(xiàn)的干細(xì)胞運(yùn)送給需要的病人，即作者是干細(xì)胞遞送員。故選擇B項(xiàng)。
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)乙卷）C篇節(jié)選
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項(xiàng)：Inspectin and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
三．根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在英語(yǔ)中，有很多詞可以通過(guò)增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來(lái)，這個(gè)詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed fr children 2 t 10，” Anacleri said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense f drama based n a subject.”
文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動(dòng)的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動(dòng)的”。
②Perhaps, we can see sme pssibilities fr next fifty years. But the next hundred?
pssibility是pssible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷pssibility的意思是“可能性”。
[例]
A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,_r wrry.
[分析] 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可猜測(cè)uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。
四．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：
①The lack f mvement caused the muscles t weaken. Smetimes the weakness was permanent. S the player culd never play the sprt again.
從后面的結(jié)果“永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)”可以推測(cè)permanent的意思為“永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的”。
②Mary didn't ntice me when I came int the classrm, because she was cmpletely engrssed in her reading.
從前面的結(jié)果“當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，瑪麗沒(méi)有注意到我”可以推測(cè)engrssed的意思為“全神貫注的”。
③Our visin was bscured by the trees, s we culdn't see the lake frm ur windw.
由后面的結(jié)果culdn't see(看不見(jiàn))可知，我們的視線被樹遮擋住(bscured)了。
[例]
…
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A cntainer. D．A machine.
[分析] 該段第一句含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，若滿足該條件，則產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a ‘sft-serve’ creamy dessert, t be eaten right away.” 即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進(jìn)去，出來(lái)的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關(guān)系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機(jī)。故選擇D項(xiàng)。
五．根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
文章中的代詞it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時(shí)代詞指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時(shí)也需要對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：
①Like Schmid, the editrs f several self-published art magazines als champin (捍衛(wèi)) fund phtgraphs. One f them,_called simply Fund, was brn ne snwy night in Chicag, when Davy Rthbard returned t his car t find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry nte intended fr smene else：“Why's yur car HERE at HER place？”
them指的是前面出現(xiàn)的self-published art magazines。
②Hwever, the questin that “mn peple” asked is still an interesting ne. A grwing number f scientists are seriusly thinking abut it.
it指的是月球人(mn peple)所問(wèn)的問(wèn)題(the questin)。
[例]
…
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的內(nèi)容，即爵士樂(lè)聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）C篇節(jié)選
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣)”以及劃線處前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
六．根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時(shí)會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個(gè)詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個(gè)詞的意思。
[例]
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre_is_mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
…
32．What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．The mre, the better.
B．Enugh is enugh.
C．Mre mney, mre wrries.
D．Earn mre and spend mre.
[分析] 根據(jù)該段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.”可知，作者認(rèn)為成年人都理解物質(zhì)過(guò)剩的那種感覺(jué)，后面又用反問(wèn)句提出了問(wèn)題：但是，說(shuō)到孩子們和他們的物品，我們?yōu)槭裁赐ǔＳ终J(rèn)定mre is mre呢？由此推知，這里的 mre is mre與前面的 flded with為近義呼應(yīng)，指“越多越好”。故選A。
七．根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)
根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but, hwever, therwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來(lái)確定另一句的含義。另外，分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。例如：
①A child's birthday party desn't have t be a hassle;_it can be a basket f fun.
從分號(hào)前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。
②She is usually prmpt fr all her class, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來(lái)”，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。
③The players in the Wrld Cup are prfessinals, while thse wh play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)分句前后意義相反，我們可推測(cè)出amateurs是prfessinals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。
[例]
…
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Frced ut. D．Tracked dwn.
[分析] 畫線詞的前句說(shuō)明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，后來(lái)由于人類的發(fā)展，灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失，由此可推斷出畫線詞的意思為“被迫離開”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）B篇節(jié)選
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me.B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me.D. Wrked quite well n me.
B【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）C篇節(jié)選
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，smething是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑椤８鶕?jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他說(shuō)，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會(huì)更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會(huì)改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會(huì)在開車的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
隨堂練習(xí)
2021年高考全國(guó)甲卷
C
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted.B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there.D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
10. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding.B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks.D. T relive his childhd days
11. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A. Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B. Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C. Children need a sense f belnging
D. Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
【分析】本文屬于記敘文。本文講述作者自己的經(jīng)歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識(shí)了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個(gè)玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時(shí)候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感。
8A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快適應(yīng)這個(gè)城市，沒(méi)有了我喜愛(ài)的沙灘和藍(lán)天，我感到迷茫和無(wú)措)”可知，作者剛到倫敦的時(shí)候因?yàn)闆](méi)有喜愛(ài)的沙灘，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮喪，故選A。
9B【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B。
10D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““I was a lcal here 20 years ag," I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告訴他：“我20年前經(jīng)常在這里玩滑板，”他緩慢地開始向我點(diǎn)頭：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Suthbank這個(gè)地方是為了尋找自己玩滑板的回憶，故選D。
11C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識(shí)了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。但是搬去華盛頓，因?yàn)闆](méi)有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，幾年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在于一個(gè)孩子打招呼的時(shí)候，終于找到了自己久違的回憶。通過(guò)作者的經(jīng)歷，作者要表達(dá)的是，歸屬感對(duì)于孩子是很重要的，故選C。
2021年高考全國(guó)乙卷
B
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達(dá)了固定電話是非必需品的觀點(diǎn)。
24B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (現(xiàn)在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒(méi)有手機(jī)的人。事實(shí)上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機(jī)。幾乎每個(gè)人都可以隨時(shí)隨地?fù)艽蚝徒勇犽娫?”可推知，本段主要說(shuō)明手機(jī)在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項(xiàng)。
25A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個(gè)調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過(guò)固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“cncede”意為“承認(rèn)”。故選A項(xiàng)。
26C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(嬰兒潮時(shí)代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號(hào)碼了)”以及文章第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是說(shuō)，老實(shí)說(shuō)，唯一打過(guò)我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時(shí)代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項(xiàng)。27B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜歡你的座機(jī)？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用類比的方式，使用煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經(jīng)被淘汰的例子，側(cè)面說(shuō)明了固定電話總有一天會(huì)廢棄的。故選B項(xiàng)。
2021 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（新高考 I 卷）
C
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文講述了美國(guó)鴨票的故事，由于美國(guó)移民的大量流入，對(duì)于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導(dǎo)致美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此美國(guó)發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購(gòu)買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水禽。
28A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.”可知，上百萬(wàn)公頃的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，故選A。
29C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護(hù)的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
30D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超過(guò)5億美元進(jìn)入到了這個(gè)基金會(huì)，購(gòu)買了超過(guò)500萬(wàn)公頃的水禽棲息地，故可以推出，通過(guò)發(fā)行鴨票，美國(guó)政府獲得了大量的資金，故選D。
31A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國(guó)水禽驟減，因此美國(guó)發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購(gòu)買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進(jìn)入到了用于購(gòu)買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護(hù)了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國(guó)鴨票的故事，故選A。
[考查內(nèi)容]
[設(shè)問(wèn)方式]
根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義是閱讀能力的一部分，也是高考閱讀理解測(cè)試中重要的一項(xiàng)。要做好這類題目，考生要記?。涸谕暾恼Z(yǔ)篇中，單詞和詞組的意義總是受特定的語(yǔ)境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根據(jù)上下文，并利用所掌握的語(yǔ)法、詞匯和構(gòu)詞法等知識(shí)確定它們的意義。詞義猜測(cè)可以是對(duì)一個(gè)單詞的意義的推斷，也可以是對(duì)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子的意義的推斷；既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新義，還可以是對(duì)替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，而要根據(jù)短文提供的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)尚不熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。
By saying that “...” in the first (secnd ...) paragraph, the authr means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning f “...” in Paragraph ... is related t ________.
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the wrd “...” refers t ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph prbably means that ________.