2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣課件

這是一份2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣課件，共55頁。PPT課件主要包含了考點(diǎn)精析，疑難突破，must，might，would，shall，can，should，錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，含蓄虛擬條件句等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
1.常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
考點(diǎn)1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(1)can/culd①表示能力Hwever great the difficulties may be, we can vercme them.哪怕是再大的困難我們也能克服。②表示請求與許可Culd/Can I brrw yur reference bks?我可以借用你的參考書嗎？
③表示可能性(常指理論上或習(xí)慣上的可能性)Peter can be really difficult at times even thugh he is a nice persn in general.總體而言，彼得是一個(gè)很好的人，但是有時(shí)他也很難相處。④表示推測(只用于疑問句和否定句中)—Smene is kncking at the dr. Wh can it be?——有人在敲門，會(huì)是誰呢？—It can’t be Jim. He is still at schl.——一定不是吉姆，他還在上課呢。
(2)may/might①表示許可或征詢對(duì)方的許可Yu may take whatever yu like.你喜歡什么就拿什么。②表示可能性，有“或許、可能”的意思，多用于肯定句中，語氣較弱。They might be having a meeting, but I’m nt sure.他們有可能正在開會(huì)，不過我不肯定。③表示祝愿，用于祈使句中；常用“May＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形”。May yu succeed！　祝你成功！
④對(duì)含有may的一般疑問句的否定回答形式是：N, yu mustn’t./N, yu may nt./N, yu can’t./N, yu’d better nt.⑤may/might as well這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示有禮貌的勸告，常譯為“還是……為好”。There is nthing t d, s I may as well g t bed.　沒什么事情可做，我還是上床睡覺好了。
(3)must①表示“必須，應(yīng)該”We must d everything step by step.我們必須逐步做每件事。②表示推測，意為“一定，必定”，只用于肯定句中，語氣較強(qiáng)。He must be ill. He lks s pale.他一定是病了。他的臉色很蒼白。③表示“非要，偏偏”If yu must smke, d it utside, please.如果你一定要吸煙，請到外面去吸。
④mustn’t表示“禁止”Smking mustn’t be allwed in the ffice.辦公室里不許吸煙。⑤對(duì)含有must的一般疑問句的否定回答形式是：N, yu needn’t./N, yu dn’t have t. —Must we hand in ur exercise bks nw?——我們現(xiàn)在必須要交練習(xí)本嗎？—N, yu needn’t./N, yu dn’t have t.——不，你們不必。
(4)shall①用于第一、第三人稱疑問句， 表示征詢對(duì)方意見或請求指示。Shall I pen the windw?我能打開窗戶嗎？②用于第二、第三人稱陳述句，表示命令、允諾、警告、威脅、決心等。Yu shall have my answer tmrrw.你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。③用于法律、協(xié)定、條約等文件中。The interest shall be divided int five parts, accrding t the agreement made by bth sides. 根據(jù)雙方的協(xié)定，利息應(yīng)分為五部分。
(5)shuld/ught t①意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”(表義務(wù)、責(zé)任)。Yu shuld/ught t be plite t yur teachers.　你應(yīng)該對(duì)老師有禮貌。②意為“按理說，按理應(yīng)該”(表邏輯推測)。She prmised t cme by 10 ’clck. She shuld/ught t be here at any mment.她答應(yīng)10點(diǎn)之前來，她隨時(shí)都可能來到這兒。③shuld還可表示“竟然”(含驚訝意味)。It’s surprising that Mary shuld lve such a persn as Jack.瑪麗竟然愛上像杰克這樣的人，真是讓人驚訝。
(6)will/wuld①表示意志、意愿、決心等If yu will read the bk, I’ll lend it t yu.如果你愿意讀這本書，我會(huì)把它借給你。②表示請求、建議等Will yu clse the windw? It’s a bit cld.請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點(diǎn)冷。
③表示規(guī)律性或傾向性The dr wuldn’t pen, n matter hw hard Granny pushed.無論奶奶怎么使勁推門，門都不開。Fish will die ut f water.魚離開水就會(huì)死。④wuld常指過去的習(xí)慣、習(xí)性或傾向等。Every time she was in truble, she wuld g t him fr help.她每次遇到麻煩都會(huì)向他求助。
(7)dare/need①need表示“需要”；needn’t表示“不必”?！狽eed he cme nw?——他現(xiàn)在需要來嗎？—Yes, he must./N, he needn’t./N, he desn’t have t.——是的，他必須來。/不，他不必來。/不，他不必來。
②dare既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句中。The girl didn’t dare (t) g hme.這個(gè)女孩不敢回家。D yu dare t jump int the cean?你敢跳進(jìn)海里嗎？They daren’t ask fr any mre mney.他們不敢再要錢了。
2.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have dne” 的6種用法
Srry，I’m late. I might have turned ff the alarm clck and gne back t sleep again.對(duì)不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關(guān)掉后又睡著了。Lk! There are s many mistakes in yur cmpsitin. Yu shuld have fixed full attentin n it.看！你的作文里有這么多的錯(cuò)誤。你本應(yīng)該把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。
1.can與be able t
表示“經(jīng)過努力設(shè)法做成某事”時(shí)不用can，應(yīng)用be able t。can表示“能力”時(shí)，側(cè)重于因有某種知識(shí)和技能而能辦到某事?！镜淅俊∮胏uld或was able t填空The fire spread thrugh the htel very quickly，but everyne____________ get ut.
解析　由句意可知，此處應(yīng)該是所有人經(jīng)過努力最后出去了，所以應(yīng)該用was able t。
答案 was able t
2.can’t與may nt表示推測
can’t表示“不可能”，may nt表示“可能不，或許不”。很明顯，can’t比may nt語氣強(qiáng)。【典例】　It ________ be the pstman at the dr.It’s nly six ’clck nw.
答案 can’t
解析　can’t不可能，在此表示有把握的否定推測，符合句意。
3.can’t，mustn’t，needn’t
can’t指“無能力”；mustn’t指“不允許，一定不要”；needn’t指“不必”。【典例】　用can’t，mustn’t或needn’t填空①There is a meeting inside.Yu__________ make any nise.
答案 mustn’t
解析　句意：里面在開會(huì)，你不許制造任何噪音。故應(yīng)填mustn’t。
②He is s yung that he ___________ make a living.
解析　句意：他太小了不能維持生計(jì)。故應(yīng)填can’t。
③Accrding t tday’s weather reprt，it des nt rain，s yu___________ take the umbrella.
解析　句意：根據(jù)今天的天氣預(yù)報(bào)，今天不下雨，所以你沒有必要帶雨傘。故應(yīng)填needn’t。
答案 needn’t
1.Yu ____________ be Carl.Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these is unpredictable; even the prest ____________ becme the richest.3.I still remember my happy childhd when my mther ____________ take me t Disneyland at weekends.
選詞填空(wuld，shall，must，might, can，shuld)
4.—Can I pay the bill by check?—Srry, Sir.But it is the management rules f ur htel that payment ____________ be made in giant panda lks very mild.But it ____________ be very fierce when yu anny players frm Shanghai Ftball Club have been ding very well recently, s they ____________ win the final match.
1.虛擬語氣用于條件句中的4種情況
考點(diǎn)2 虛擬語氣
If there were n air，we culdn’t live. 如果沒有空氣，我們就不能生活。If there had been n air in the tube，the result f the experiment wuld have been mre accurate. 如果管子里沒有空氣，實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果就會(huì)更精確。If he were t cme tmrrw, things wuld be easier. 如果他明天來，事情就容易多了。
2.虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句中的4種條件
(1)在“It is＋imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(shuld＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。It’s vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.重視道路安全駕駛是至關(guān)重要的。(2)在wuld rather (that)后的賓語從句中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，從句用一般過去時(shí)；如果表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，從句用過去完成時(shí)。I’d rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.要是他前天和我去海邊就好了。
(3)句中含有以下單詞或其變形時(shí)，該句中的名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句)部分常用虛擬語氣，其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為“shuld＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中shuld可以省略。
He suggested that we (shuld) start ff early the next day.他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。(4)wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣①對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬： 過去式(be的過去式用were)②對(duì)過去的虛擬： had＋過去分詞③對(duì)將來的虛擬：wuld/culd/might＋動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were ten years yunger.我希望我能年輕十歲。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.　我希望我昨天見到了那位電影明星。
3.3個(gè)特定句式中的虛擬語氣
If nly I had seen the film.要是我看過那部電影就好了。It is high time that we started/shuld start ut.　我們該出發(fā)了。He messed the prject up, but he behaved as if nthing had happened.他把計(jì)劃搞砸了，但他表現(xiàn)得若無其事。
1.虛擬條件句中的省略與倒裝
如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/shuld，有時(shí)可把if省略，把were/had/shuld提到主語之前形成倒裝；若為否定形式，nt不可提前。Had he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.　要是他趕上了早晨的火車，那他開會(huì)就不會(huì)遲到了。
有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們各自發(fā)生的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。If we had bked a table earlier, we wuldn’t be standing here in a queue. (if條件句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，而主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)　如果我們早些訂位子，現(xiàn)在也就不用站在這里排隊(duì)了。
(1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件句表達(dá)，而是用but fr, withut等介詞(短語)來表示。We wuldn’t have finished the prject n time withut yur timely help.　如果沒有你的及時(shí)幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程。(2)用連詞therwise, r等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來，模式為“虛擬情況＋but＋真實(shí)情況”。
1.But fr yur help we ____________________________________________.如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。2.If a persn’s clthes were dirty and wrn, he __________________________， and anny him in every way.如果遇見衣衫襤褸的人，他就會(huì)拿石頭砸過去，或者用其他手段騷擾人家。
culdn’t have succeeded in the experiment
wuld thrw stnes at him
3.If yu had cme a few minutes earlier，yu _______________________________________the famus singer.　如果你早來幾分鐘，你就會(huì)見到那個(gè)著名歌手了。4.It’s high time that we __________________________________________________________.是我們致力于環(huán)境保護(hù)的時(shí)候了。5.They talked and talked as if/thugh they ____________________________.他們說個(gè)不停，好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再見面一樣。
wuld(shuld/culd/might)
shuld devte/devted urselves t envirnmental
wuld never meet again
單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)
1.(2022·合肥模擬)The new airprt cmplex，cnsisting f a main terminal, a supprting service building and a parking lt, ____________ (cver) an area f abut 1.4 millin square meters.2.(2022·衡水五調(diào))Knwn as the “Sea Garden”，Maca, while filled with luxury and wrld－class entertainment，als ____________ (ffer) many landmarks that define the city’s unique and fascinating culture.
3.(2022·南京十校5月調(diào)研)He had his eyes n me, and I guessed he _______________(cnsider) right then whether r nt t tell me the truth.4.(2022·河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)期中)Since scientists in Sctland successfully clned a sheep and named the newbrn Dlly, the clne technlgy ________________________________ (advance) slwly but steadily.5.(2022·湖北黃岡八模)US writer Margaret Lee Runbeck nce _____________ (write) “Happiness is nt a statin yu arrive at, but a manner f traveling.”But traveling is nt always happy, at least fr the buddies in the mvie Green Bk. The mvie ____________ (adapt) frm the true stry f a rad trip thrugh the suthern US in the early 1960s.
was cnsidering
has advanced/has been advancing
was adapted
6.(2022·南京十校5月調(diào)研)By the time the ban was finally lifted, he ________________ (stick) at the airprt fr mre than tw weeks.7.(2022·北京西城區(qū)統(tǒng)一測試)5G is the innvatin that ______________(shape)all ur lives fr years t cme.8.(2022·寧波十校聯(lián)考)Since 1972, mre than 800 cultural sites that are thught t be f special imprtance t human histry and culture _________________ (add) t the Wrld Heritage cmputer didn’t start this mrning. There ____________ have been smething wrng with it.
had been stuck
have been added
10.The number f the children wh wn the iPads ____________ (be) grwing all the time.11.(2022·衡水中學(xué)一模)Hurry up, kids! The schl bus was waiting fr us！____________12.(2022·江西九江高三一模)When I first meet Bryan I didn’t like him, but I have changed my mind.____________13.(2022·福州質(zhì)檢)She was phning smene, s I nd t her and went away.______________14.(2022·陜西渭南一模)I am srry I didn’t g t the cinema with yu yesterday. Yu knw, I have seen the film.____________
1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it ____________ (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.2.(2021·全國甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China’s lng histry. It ____________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修復(fù)).3.(2021·全國甲卷)We ____________ (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky but did the jb.
4.(2021·浙江卷)It desn’t impress like Gerge Washingtn’s plantatin n the Ptmac, but Lincln’s hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, ________________________(prve)irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the public.5.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e－4 prbe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess—____________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple－Aitken basin.6.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a celebratin marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers ____________ (carry) special significance.
has prved/has prven
7.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Actually，I ____________ (start) t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld，but I have lng been ut f practice.8.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Fr example, every mrning, my dad has t have a bwl f egg sup while I ____________ (have) t eat an apple.My dad desn’t like the sup and I dn’t enjy apples.9.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)The parts f a museum pen t the public ____________(call) galleries r rms.Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin is n display.
10.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene ____________(declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36－year－ld business.
1.(2021·全國乙卷)I als water the flwers in the yard and tidying up my wn bedrm whenever necessary._________________2.(2021·全國甲卷)One f the questins are: Wh will yu g t in times f truble？_________________3.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Actually, I start t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, but/yet I have lng been ut f practice._________________4.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Nw my dream is t pen a cafe.Thugh it may appear simple, it required a lt f ideas and effrts.___________________
tidying→tidy
start→started
required→requires
5.(全國卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize hw right my parents are until I entered high schl. __________________6.(全國卷Ⅲ)It was Mnday mrning, and the writing class had just begin.__________________7. (全國卷Ⅲ)Abut ne mnth after this pht was taken, I entered my secnd year f high schl and becme a new member f the schl music club.__________________8. (全國卷Ⅲ)Hwever, my parents didn’t seem t think s. They always tell me what t d and hw t d it.____________
begin→begun
becme→became
9. (全國卷Ⅰ)Since then—fr all these years—we had been allwing tmates t self－seed where they please.____________10. (全國卷Ⅰ)Lts f studies have been shwn that glbal warming has already becme a very serius prblem. ____________
The first z 1._________________(establish) arund 3，500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperr 2.____________ (build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
Sme f the early Eurpean zs 3.____________ (cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages，the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs 4._______________ (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5._______________ (keep) in gd cnditin.These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.____________ (understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then，zs 7.________________ (try) t save many endangered species，but relying n zs 8.________________ (save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
Tday，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.______________ (watch) carefully fr any signs f disease with specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.Anyway，it is true that z breeding prgrams 10.______________ (play) an imprtant rle in prtecting many species f wildlife nw.
答案1.was established　[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“arund 3，500 years ag”可知是過去時(shí)態(tài)，主語“The first z”和謂語動(dòng)詞establish 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。又因主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填 was established。]2．built　[考查時(shí)態(tài)。句中“Five hundred years later”是過去的時(shí)間狀語，謂語需要用過去式，故填 built。]3．cnsisted　[考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的語境是過去，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，故填 cnsisted。]
4．were replaced　[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語“the zs”和謂語動(dòng)詞replace 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且是過去時(shí)態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用were replaced。]5．(were) kept　[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致?！癮nimals there were studied and________”為并列關(guān)系，故填(were) kept。]6．understd　[考查時(shí)態(tài)?！癆s early as the 1940s”是過去的時(shí)間狀語，謂語要用過去式，故填 understd。]7．have tried/have been trying　[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。時(shí)間狀語為“Since then”，謂語常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，此處也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行。又因主語zs是復(fù)數(shù)，故填have tried/have been trying。]
8．t save　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。rely n sb t d sth 依靠某人做某事，故填t save。]9．(are) watched　[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語animals和謂語動(dòng)詞watch 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處與and前面的are fed...為并列關(guān)系，故填(are) watched。]10．a(chǎn)re playing　[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由時(shí)間狀語nw可知，此處應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填 are playing。]
The date f my departure fr Wellingtn is drawing nearly，and I am busy with preparatins.I have been signed up fr a ne－mnth advanced curse arranging fr high schl students.Studying there is expensive but I think it wuld be meaningful.T help t cver the cst f my study，I decide t find the part－time jb there.It’ll be great if I succeed finding ne befre I arrive.Frtunately，my aunt Sally，wh has a wide scial netwrk in Wellingtn than me，can lend me a hand. She tld me there might be anyne in need f a huse cleaner，gardener，and babysitter fr their children.I’m really lking frward t my study turs in Wellingtn.
①副詞誤用。nearly作副詞意為“幾乎，差不多”，near作副詞意為“臨近”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用near。②語態(tài)誤用。sign up fr“報(bào)名參加”與主語I是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。③非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語修飾curse，arrange與curse是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的－ed形式作定語。④時(shí)態(tài)誤用。此處表達(dá)從現(xiàn)在看將來要發(fā)生的事情，故用一般將來時(shí)。⑤冠詞誤用。此處意為“一份兼職工作”，表示泛指，故用a。