普通高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試第3篇題型2閱讀理解含答案

這是一份普通高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試第3篇題型2閱讀理解含答案
題型二　閱讀理解 一、主旨大意題 [學(xué)考真題鏈接] (2021年1月廣東省學(xué)業(yè)水平)One Saturday, Mary and I were playing with a ball and suddenly the ball went into a big man's house. We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball. He said，“No.” We felt helpless. Then I had an idea.There was a water tank(水箱) behind the man's house. I looked at it and told Mary that we could climb onto the water tank and jump over the wall. Mary agreed, but we were both wearing skirts. So we decided to get our ball the next day. The next morning Mary and I went to the water tank very early. We were both wearing shorts. Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her. We looked for the ball and found it under a bed. Along with the ball were some gold bars! In a rush，we climbed back with the ball. When we reached Mary's house, the TV was on. It was news time. We couldn't believe our ears when we heard that 20 gold bars were stolen from a gold shop. They showed a picture of the gold bars which were exactly the same as the ones we had seen under the big man's bed. We rushed to tell Mary's mother about the gold bars and she called the police immediately. The police came at once and caught the man. They found the gold bars in his house. Several days later a police officer came and said，“Thank you children for helping us catch the thief. Here is the reward for you. ” We opened the gift box and were greatly surprised. There were some detective(偵探的) storybooks. 1．What can we learn about the big man from Paragraph 1? A．He was unhappy.　B．He was crazy. C．He was unfriendly. D．He was rich. C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“We went to his house and asked him if he could let us in to get our ball.He said，‘No.’”可知，作者和瑪麗不小心把球踢進(jìn)一個(gè)男人的房子之后想要取回球卻遭到這個(gè)男人的拒絕，因此這個(gè)男人不太友善，故答案選C。] 2．Why did the girls decide not to climb onto the water tank that Saturday? A．Because they got no permission. B．Because they were afraid of the big man. C．Because they didn't know how to climb onto it. D．Because they didn't wear suitable clothes. D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I looked at it...to get our ball the next day.”可知，作者和瑪麗計(jì)劃爬上水箱越墻入房子取球，但是她們當(dāng)天都穿著裙子(不適合爬水箱越墻)，只能把計(jì)劃改到第二天，故答案選D。] 3．Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2? A．Mary was followed by the man. B．Mary went to the water tank alone. C．Both of the girls got into the house. D．The girls ran out with the gold bars. C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mary first climbed down into the man's house by herself and I followed her.”可知，作者和瑪麗都進(jìn)入了房子，故答案選C。] 4．How did the girls know that the gold bars were stolen from a gold shop? A．By watching the TV news. B．By questioning the man. C．By asking Mary's mother. D．By calling the police. A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“When we reached Mary's house，the TV was on.It was news time...from a gold shop.”可知，作者和瑪麗是通過看電視新聞知道這個(gè)男人房子里的金條是從金鋪偷來的。故答案選A。] 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Two Honest Girls B．A Ball and Gold Bars C．Skirts and Shorts D．A Stupid Thief B　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述了作者和瑪麗不小心把球踢進(jìn)了一個(gè)大個(gè)子男人的房子里，兩人在尋找球的過程中意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了被偷的金條的故事，故答案選B。] [題型解法指導(dǎo)] 【命題特點(diǎn)】 針對(duì)文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想、段落大意以及文章的標(biāo)題進(jìn)行設(shè)問。 【考查重點(diǎn)】 (1)對(duì)文章的歸納總結(jié)能力。 (2)對(duì)標(biāo)題關(guān)鍵詞的提煉能力。 【方法技巧】 (1)利用信息詞(如all in all等)確定主題句的位置。 (2)對(duì)于主題隱含的段落，先弄清問題的意思，然后快速通讀全文，逐項(xiàng)排除，確定主旨。 (3)記敘文：“何人何時(shí)何地何法做何事”。 (4)議論文：多在首段或尾段。 (5)夾敘夾議：多在尾段。 [題型對(duì)點(diǎn)演練] Over 70 percent of the “double single-child couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids，according to a recent survey. Women of China magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “single-child” generation，the Morning Post reports.The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average，with university education and monthly income of 4，000 yuan ($531)．Among them，43.5 percent have kids. Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids. Grown up as the “single-child”，the only child in a family since the family planning policy which was adopted in 1979，this generation depends much on their parents. The parents of the “single-child” generation focused more on their children's physical well-being rather than their attitudes and values，according to some psychologists. The research also found that the “double single-child couples” follow a rather traditional value system. Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years，25.2 percent two to five years，and 20 percent didn't tie the knot until dating for five years.Also，30 percent of the couples were schoolmates，while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone. Since their marriage is based on enduring relationships，65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise(妥協(xié)) and tolerance (寬容) are necessary in their marriage.Meanwhile，21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了讓父母照顧孩子的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。 1．The best title for the passage should be“________” . A．Mum and Dad，take care of my kid please B．Double single-child couples C．The problem of the single child D．A recent survey by Women of China A　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段就點(diǎn)明了文章的論點(diǎn)——很多獨(dú)生子女讓父母為他們照顧孩子。下文就圍繞這一論點(diǎn)展開具體論述。] 2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage? A．The majority of the “double single-child couples” in China depend much on their parents. B．The parents of the“single-child” generation cared more about their study and education. C．One-fifth of the couples surveyed didn't get married until dating for five years. D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段可知，這些獨(dú)生子女的父母更多地關(guān)心他們的物質(zhì)生活，而不是他們的態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀，這里的態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀當(dāng)然包括他們的學(xué)習(xí)觀和教育觀，故B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)文中均有表述。] 3．Which of the following descriptions about“double single-child couples” is TRUE? A．They are single children in either family and they are independent. B．They are single children in either family and they are dependent on their parents. C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves. D．They，who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知，他們都是獨(dú)生子女，并且很依賴他們的父母。] 4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that ________． A．parents are concerned about their children's physical life as well as the spiritual life B．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long time C．once begun，“double single-child couples” marriage will last forever D．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀念包括：夫婦雙方都要有一定的妥協(xié)和容忍。由第五段可以排除A項(xiàng)；由第七段可以排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)文中沒有提到。] 5．According to the passage，we can learn that ________ is necessary in a marriage. A．wealth B．health C．understanding D．education C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“...65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage.”中的compromise和tolerance 可知，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。A、B、D三項(xiàng)文中也有涉及，但都不是最準(zhǔn)確的。] 二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題 [學(xué)考真題鏈接] (2021年1月廣東省學(xué)業(yè)水平)In many families today, both the mother and the father have jobs outside the home. This can make it difficult to take care of the children. To help, some companies are changing the work rules. These companies are trying to be more family-friendly. What are companies doing to become family-friendly? Many companies are allowing their employees(雇員) to work flexible(靈活的) hours. With flexible hours, people can work full time, but they don't have to work to a nine-to-five schedule. Some employees choose to come early and leave early. Some employees choose to work ten hours one day and six hours the next. Most companies say that flexible hours increase productivity. In the United States, about one-third of full-time employees have flexible work schedules. Family-friendly companies also allow two employees to share one job.Each employee does half the job and gets half the salary. In the United States，27% of the companies offer some kind of job sharing. Many family-friendly companies also give paid leave to both parents when a baby is born. In many countries，employers have to give female workers time off before and after the birth of a child. In the United States, for example，female employees get 12 weeks of unpaid time off. New mothers can stay at home, but they don't get their salary. In some countries, employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child. In Finland，for example，both male and female employees get paid leave. Women get 105 days of paid leave and men get 42. The way people work is changing. For many people，that is a good thing. 1．Some companies make some changes in their work rules to ________． A．a(chǎn)llow parents to work at home B．give parents more time to relax C．provide parents with more job opportunities D．enable parents to take care of their children D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In many families today，...some companies are changing the work rules.”可知，父母都在外面工作，無人照顧孩子，為了解決此問題，一些公司改變了工作制度，讓員工有時(shí)間來照顧家庭和孩子。故答案選D。] 2．According to Paragraph 2, employees in family-friendly companies ________． A．can arrange their work time themselves B．can work with their babies around C．must work from nine to five D．must share jobs with others A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“What are companies doing to become family-friendly？...to work flexible hours.”可知，為了有利于員工照顧孩子，很多公司允許其員工有靈活的工作時(shí)間。故答案選A。] 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．Employers become busier with flexible hours. B．Employers have enough time to look after their children. C．Employees can get job-sharing opportunities in some American companies. D．Employees can have three months' paid leave in some American companies. C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，美國(guó)的一些公司允許兩名員工共同從事一份工作，每位員工做一半的工作并獲得一半的薪水。故答案選C。] 4．In some countries, paid leave is given to both parents when ________． A．they have physical problems B．they have a new baby C．they do a good job D．they do extra work B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In some countries，employers have to give all workers paid leave for the birth of their child.”可知，一些公司會(huì)在嬰兒出生時(shí)給父母雙方帶薪休假。故答案選B。] 5．This passage is mainly about ________． A．some companies' family-friendly rules B．ways of job sharing in some companies C．job opportunities for female employees D．companies' work rules about getting leave A　[主旨大意題。文章介紹了如何解決父母都在外面工作，無人照顧孩子的問題。一些公司改變了工作制度，讓員工有更多的時(shí)間來照顧家庭和孩子。故答案選A。] [題型解法指導(dǎo)] 【命題特點(diǎn)】 針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身設(shè)問，可以直接或間接找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等設(shè)問。 【考查重點(diǎn)】 (1)直接理解題(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。 (2)語意轉(zhuǎn)化題(需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語意上的轉(zhuǎn)換)。 【方法技巧】 1．查讀法 (1)速讀全文，掌握大意。 (2)按文章體裁、作者組材方式尋找關(guān)鍵信息詞。 (3)找到細(xì)節(jié)，認(rèn)真推敲，甚至計(jì)算等。 2．按組材模式閱讀(常見模式) (1)列舉型：抓住作者所舉事例。 (2)時(shí)間、空間型：掌握具體的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)。 (3)分類、例證型：掌握例證的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，以便得到答案。 (4)程序型：理清說明事物的順序，從而得出答案。 (5)因果分析型：理清因果關(guān)系，從而推出答案。 (6)比較、對(duì)比型：通過比較，對(duì)比事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，找到答案。 [題型對(duì)點(diǎn)演練] Samuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata (奏鳴曲) by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him. Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music. Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me—I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note”，says Samuel. Recently，Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.” However，Samuel's ability to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word. Samuel is still only a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇人物傳記。文章主要講述了英國(guó)19歲的音樂天才Samuel Osmond的故事。 1．What is special about Samuel Osmond? A．He has a gift for writing music. B．He can write down the note he hears. C．He is a top student at the law school. D．He can play the musical piece he hears. D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“...he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.”可知，Samuel Osmond的天賦在于他可以彈出他聽到的音樂片段。故選D。] 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents. B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician. C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability. D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers. B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents...”可知，Samuel在父母的期待下打算成為律師，故選B。由“...but music teachers told him he should study music instead”可知，老師只是建議他學(xué)習(xí)音樂而放棄法律，故D項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。] 3．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ________． A．received a good early education in music B．played the guitar and the piano perfectly C．could play the piano without reading music D．could play the guitar better than his father C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Samuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised.”和“...without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me...”可知，他雖然沒有接受過專業(yè)的音樂訓(xùn)練，但是他卻能非常熟練地彈鋼琴，大家都為此感到很驚訝。故選C。] 4．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4? A．He became famous during a special event at his college. B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately. C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists. D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces. B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Samuel says confidently，‘It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.’”可知，Samuel對(duì)他超群的記憶力很自信，即很自豪。故選B。根據(jù)第四段的“He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.”可知，他只是在一個(gè)較難的樂章方面超越了一些專業(yè)鋼琴家，并不是總體上超越了他們，故C項(xiàng)犯了以偏概全的錯(cuò)誤。] 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The qualities of a musician B．The story of a musical talent C．The importance of early education D．The relationship between memory and music B　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述了英國(guó)19歲的音樂天才Samuel Osmond的故事。故選B。] 三、詞義猜測(cè)題 [學(xué)考真題鏈接] (2021年1月廣東省學(xué)業(yè)水平)Modern inventions have greatly increased people's love of speed. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour, aircraft cross the world within a day，while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time，but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag(時(shí)差反應(yīng))：our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain.Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists. Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about. What do we do with the time we have saved then? Certainly not relax. We are so used to constant(連續(xù)不斷的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world. Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time, we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle. Their lives went on at a much slower speed, and in a familiar pattern. We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays. Modern technology has changed everything. 1．The underlined word “l(fā)ightning” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________． A．fast　　　 B．unexpected C．possible D．exciting A　[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面“汽車行駛100公里用一個(gè)多小時(shí)，飛機(jī)繞世界飛行用不到一天的時(shí)間”以及后面“事實(shí)上，我們對(duì)速度的熱愛是永無止境的”可知，此處應(yīng)是說計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)行速度快，故選A。] 2．According to Paragraph 2，we save time at the price of our ________． A．happiness B．health C．wealth D．safety B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“All this saves time，but at a price...uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag...results in eye pain and fingers pain...harm to our brains”等可知，所有這些節(jié)省的時(shí)間讓我們付出了健康的代價(jià)。故選B。] 3．According to the passage，modern inventions make life ________． A．happier and more relaxing B．faster and less enjoyable C．simpler and less comfortable D．slower and healthier B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Modern inventions have brought us great benefits，but at the same time，we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.”可知，現(xiàn)代的發(fā)明給我們節(jié)省了很多時(shí)間，但同時(shí)也讓我們的生活失去了許多樂趣，故答案選B。] 4．The last paragraph suggests that ________． A．life in the future will be better B．we should do more physical work C．we cannot enjoy modern life D．our life cannot be what it used to be D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“We might admire a way of life like this，yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays.”可知，我們或許會(huì)羨慕這樣的生活模式(過去清閑和傳統(tǒng)的生活模式)，然而對(duì)于現(xiàn)代的我們而言這樣的生活模式只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想！故答案選D。] 5．Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from? A．Business. B．Education. C．Life. D．Sports. C　[文章出處題。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)代科技給人類生活帶來省時(shí)高效的同時(shí)也使人類失去了過往生活的簡(jiǎn)單和安逸。故答案選C。] [題型解法指導(dǎo)] 【命題特點(diǎn)】 利用上下文判斷單詞、短語或句子在特定語言環(huán)境中確切含義的能力。 【考查重點(diǎn)】 (1)生詞的語境猜測(cè)。 (2)詞組及短語的指代。 【設(shè)問方式】 (1)The word “...”refers to... (2)The underlined phrase means... (3)By saying“...”we mean... (4)The expression“...”stands for... 【方法技巧】 (1)利用上下文，通過對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)或平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的同義詞、反義詞進(jìn)行判斷。 (2)利用定語從句、同位語從句等進(jìn)行判斷。 (3)根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如but，however，not only...but also等進(jìn)行判斷。 (4)利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行判斷。 [題型對(duì)點(diǎn)演練] I still remember—my hands and my fingers still remember—what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays.The trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again and the old leaves would be lying around like a muddy sea of leaves. “Get that all swept up！”the headmaster would tell us.“I want the whole place cleaned up，at once！”There was enough work there，to last over a week.Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands，our fingers，our nails.“Now see that it's done properly，and be quick about it，”the headmaster would say to the older pupils，“or you'll have to answer for it！” So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peanuts about to cut and gather in crops.If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected，the big boys，instead of giving us a helping hand，used to beat us with branches pulled from the trees.In order to avoid these blows，we used to bribe(賄賂) the older boys with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal.And if we happened to have any money on us，the coins changed hands at once.If we did not do this，if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse，the blows were redoubled.They hit us so violently and with such evil enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being whipped not so much to make us work harder，but rather to beat us into a state of obedience(服從) in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money. Occasionally one of us，worn out by such calculated cruelty，would have the courage to complain to the headmaster.He would of course be very angry，but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small—nothing compared to what they had done to us.And the fact was that however much we complained，our situation did not improve in the slightest.Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on，but somehow we never dreamed of doing so；I don't know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent，but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it，for such beating is completely foreign to our nature. 【語篇解讀】　本文介紹作者過完假期返校后校長(zhǎng)讓孩子們清掃落葉的經(jīng)歷，為此作者受了不少苦，故記憶深刻。 1．The statement “my hands and my fingers still remember” in Paragraph 1 means that “ ”． A．the author's hands were severely injured in the cleaning up B．the author seldom did such hard work as the cleaning up C．the author was bullied by the big boys in the cleaning up D．the author's hands were his only tool for the cleaning D　[句意猜測(cè)題。作者一開始用了兩個(gè)remember表明他對(duì)假期后返校要清掃落葉一事記憶深刻。第二段提到自己在為學(xué)校清掃落葉時(shí)沒有別的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推斷“手和指尖都記得”是因?yàn)樵诖髵叱?，作者的手作為唯一的清潔工具受了不少的罪，故選D。] 2．The headmaster would tell the students to clean up the school yard at the beginning of the term because ________． A．he was too lazy B．there were many fallen leaves on the ground C．the school yard was covered with mud D．the students didn't finish their homework B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句提到假期后學(xué)校會(huì)堆滿落葉，第二段校長(zhǎng)發(fā)布學(xué)生大掃除的命令，兩者之間的因果關(guān)系顯而易見，因此本題應(yīng)選B。] 3．The headmaster asked the older boys to ________． A．beat those who worked slowly B．treat the small boys as peanuts C．take charge of the process of the cleaning D．do the cleaning all by themselves C　[推理判斷題。第二段最后一句，特別是其中的see，表明校長(zhǎng)讓大孩子們做大掃除的“監(jiān)工”，負(fù)責(zé)帶領(lǐng)其他孩子們把學(xué)校打掃干凈。這也可以從該段最后一句的“or you'll have to answer for it！”(否則你們就要為此負(fù)責(zé))可以看出答案。故選C。] 4．According to Paragraph 3，if the author had any money on him，he most probably ________． A．gave it to the big boys so as to please them B．gave it as a bribe to the headmaster C．spent it all on his midday meal D．spent it buying midday meals for the big boys A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四句中的“the coins changed hands at once”可理解為“錢馬上就會(huì)易主”，即到了大孩子們的口袋里。故答案為A。] 5．When receiving complaints，the headmaster would deal with the big boys by means of ________． A．slight punishment B．harsh criticism C．complete indifference D．good beating A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的complaints可定位到最后一段開頭兩句。該段第二句表明校長(zhǎng)對(duì)大孩子的懲罰很輕微，因此本題應(yīng)選A。] 四、推理判斷題 [學(xué)考真題鏈接] (2019年1月廣東省學(xué)業(yè)水平)Nowadays，many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.The result is that our brain easily feels tired.We need to give the brain a rest，but how? David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah.He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.Carl，who works for a mobile phone company，says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed.It also prepares him for the work he must do.“Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it's very relaxing.When you return to work on Monday，you're in a better state of mind.I really like the way I feel on Monday.”Kate is a senior editor.She says camping brings her some peace she couldn't have otherwise.She even finds herself more creative. David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.When people go camping，they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather，learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking. Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。過度使用電子設(shè)備的后果是我們的大腦會(huì)感到疲勞。作者以卡爾和凱特為例展示了露營(yíng)的好處。 1．What is the result of using electronic devices too much? A．We will waste time. B．Our brain will feel tired. C．Our study will be influenced. D．Our brain will be refreshed. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“The result is that our brain easily feels tired.”可知，過度使用電子設(shè)備的后果是我們的大腦會(huì)感到疲勞。故選B。] 2．How does Carl feel after camping? A．Warm.　　　 B．Calm. C．Relaxed. D．Peaceful. C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed”可知，露營(yíng)后卡爾感到放松。故選C。] 3．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples? A．To share a good camping site. B．To share their work experiences. C．To show their interest in camping. D．To show advantages of camping. D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs.His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate，two experienced campers.”可知，作者以卡爾和凱特為例主要是為了展示露營(yíng)的好處。故選D。] 4．Which of the following is the benefit of camping? A．It helps protect the environment. B．It helps us learn more about nature. C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain. D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations. B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus.”可知，露營(yíng)的好處是它幫助我們更多地了解自然。故選B。] 5．What is the author's attitude towards camping? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful. A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful，too.But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways.And it brings more health benefit as well.”可知，作者對(duì)露營(yíng)的態(tài)度是“積極的”。故選A。] [題型解法指導(dǎo)] 【命題特點(diǎn)】 根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意。常用的詞有infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。 【考查重點(diǎn)】 表層意思的理解與推理；深層含義的領(lǐng)悟與推理；同時(shí)涉及數(shù)據(jù)推斷，知識(shí)推斷，邏輯結(jié)論推斷，表明作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)的推斷等。 【方法技巧】 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推斷；整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷；根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理得出結(jié)論。 [題型對(duì)點(diǎn)演練] I've spent over a year in India，and in those 365 plus days，I've learned a lot about getting around Indian cities.My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated，particularly by taxi and rickshaw (火力車) drivers，but that doesn't mean those are bad ways to travel，as long as you know what you're doing.Below are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi，India，and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams(欺詐)． Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are，if you arrive in Delhi by plane，as soon as you make it through customs，you'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers.At the Delhi airport，be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths.One is inside the airport，and the other is outside.The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police，rather than by independent taxi drivers. Rickshaws are one of my favourite ways to get around Indian cities，in part because it's how the locals often travel.Auto-rickshaws are more common，but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi.If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw，you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only set you back about 15 rupees.Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees，depending on the distance. If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals，take a public bus.Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning.They are，however，very cheap.A bus trip won't set you back any more than 15 rupees，as long as you stay within the city limits.Since Indian buses get so crowded，try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat. The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi.Fares are reasonable，between 6 and 22 rupees.All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English，and tokens can be purchased for between 6 and 22 rupees. 【語篇解讀】　本文作者給去印度德里旅行的游客就交通方面提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。 1．The author is trying to ________in Delhi through this text. A．give some advice of travelling B．expect us to travel around C．show his/her experiences D．explain the difficulties of travelling A　[推理判斷題。通讀全文，我們可以看出，作者在本文中給讀者提出了一些建議，告訴讀者在德里旅行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的一些問題。因此，本文的寫作目的也就是要給讀者提出建議。] 2．To avoid being cheated，you ought to ________ if you want to take a taxi at the Delhi airport. A．pay more to the drivers to keep safe B．show your ticket to the driver C．go to a police-run booth D．go out of the airport C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句可知，在機(jī)場(chǎng)搭乘出租車時(shí)，應(yīng)到警察經(jīng)營(yíng)的攤位。] 3．The author suggests taking a rickshaw in order to ________． A．save some money B．enjoy the comfortable trip C．gain a unique experience D．help the local rickshaw drivers C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句可知，作者建議乘坐人力車以獲得一種獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。] 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．You won't have to pay much if you travel around by bus in India. B．It will be difficult for you to get a seat if you get on the bus halfway. C．A rickshaw driver only charges whatever amount you give him. D．You'll have to speak English if you travel around in India. B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句可知，為了上車后能有一個(gè)座位，作者建議最好從起點(diǎn)站上車。這就意味著如果中途上車的話，就很難有座位了。] 5．Which may be the main topic of the text? A．Hotel recommendations in Delhi B．Weather conditions in Delhi C．Food and drink in Delhi D．Car rentals in Delhi D　[主旨大意題。由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介紹了關(guān)于在德里交通方面避免受騙的幾點(diǎn)建議。在給出的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中，只有D項(xiàng)與交通有關(guān)。據(jù)此，我們可以確定后面最有可能要討論的是汽車租賃業(yè)務(wù)。]