高中Unit 5 Working the Land學(xué)案及答案

這是一份高中Unit 5 Working the Land學(xué)案及答案，文件包含Part2docx、Part1docx等2份學(xué)案配套教學(xué)資源，其中學(xué)案共111頁， 歡迎下載使用。
?Part 2　Using Language,Assessing Your Progress,Video Time


1.主題語境:人與社會——評估化學(xué)耕作和有機耕作
2.語篇類型:說明文
3.課文內(nèi)容分析
本文介紹了化學(xué)耕作和有機耕作兩種耕作方式的特點,分析了各自的優(yōu)缺點,最后的結(jié)論是人類如果想要既吃得飽又吃得健康,同時保持環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,還有很長的路要走。閱讀本文,可以啟發(fā)學(xué)生從多角度思考農(nóng)業(yè)耕作的方式,辯證地看待化學(xué)耕作和有機耕作的問題。


答案:1.land　2.lead to　3.nutrition　4.minerals　5.chemicals　6.natural　7.change　8.use


1.It is celebrated in more than 150 countries,raising awareness and knowledge of the problems and causes behind world hunger and poverty.(教材第54頁)
它在150多個國家舉行慶?；顒?提高人們對世界饑餓和貧困背后的問題和原因的認識和了解。
◆poverty n.貧窮;貧困
Happily,this village has risen above the poverty line.
令人高興的是,這個村已經(jīng)脫離了貧困線。
[備用例句]
There is a disappointing poverty of creativity in their work.
他們的工作缺乏創(chuàng)造力,令人失望。



單句語法填空
①He was shocked by the 　　　　(poor)he saw around him.?
②The poor man 　　　　 poverty sleeps on the floor at the doorway.?
③The programme for the evening party was 　　　　 (poor) organised.?
翻譯句子
④這個國家三分之一的人口生活在貧困線或以下。


答案:①poverty　②in?、踦oorly　④A third of the population in this country is living at or below the poverty line.
2.This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.(教材第55頁)
這會影響土里種植的作物,繼而影響消化這些作物的人畜。
◆in turn 相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而;依次;輪流
Each of us in turn had to be asked the same question by her.
我們每個人都得依次被她問同樣的問題。
When my mother was ill,my brother and I took care of her in turn.
母親生病時,我和兄弟輪流看護她。
Increased production will,in turn,lead to increased profits.
增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。



單句語法填空
①There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke 　　　　 turn.?
②Now that we have finished the design,it is their turn 　　　　 (construct).?
③At the meeting we took turns 　　　　 (put) forward a number of suggestions.?
④The two daughters looked after their sick mother 　　　　 turns.?
完成句子
⑤他們輪流照顧他的妹妹。
They 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 attending his little sister.?
⑥輪到你來擦窗戶了。
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to clean the windows.?
答案:①in　②to construct?、踭o put?、躡y　⑤took turns in/at?、轎t’s your turn
3.They may look beautiful on the outside,but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals,and they often have less flavour as well.(教材第55頁)
此類作物外表靚麗,而內(nèi)里卻經(jīng)常是水分多于必需礦物質(zhì),并且往往口感較差。
◆essential adj.完全必要的;極其重要的
Even in small companies,computers are an essential tool.
即使在小公司里,計算機也是必不可少的工具。
It’s essential for you to make the right decisions at the very start.
重要的是你從一開始就要做出正確的決定。
[備用例句]
①The words are essential for everybody to learn English.
這些詞對于每一個英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說,都是必備的。
②It is essential that you get a visa before you travel abroad.
到國外旅游之前拿到簽證是必不可少的。



單句語法填空
①Sun and water are essential 　　　　 the growth of crops.?
②It is essential for us 　　　　 (set) our goal realistically.?
③It is essential that he 　　　　 (learn) Chinese history.?
翻譯句子
④有必要采取有效的措施來保障我們公民的權(quán)利。



答案:①to/for　②to set?、?should) learn?、躀t is essential that effective measures(should) be taken to protect our civil rights.
4.As an alternative,some farmers have switched to organic farming...(教材第55頁)
作為一種替代方法,有些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向有機耕作……
◆alternative n.可供選擇的事物 adj.可供替代的;非傳統(tǒng)的
We are very sad to have to do this,but there is no other alternative.
我們?yōu)椴坏貌贿@么做而感到難過,但是現(xiàn)在沒有別的選擇。
We have no alternative but to fire Tom.
除了解雇湯姆,我們別無選擇。
There were alternative methods of travel available.
有其他的旅行方式可供選擇。
[備用例句]
There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat.
有能替代動物肉類的其他營養(yǎng)來源。



①“別無選擇只好做……”的其他表達形式還有:have no choice but to do sth.; can’t do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中,若but之前出現(xiàn)實義動詞do的某種形式,but之后要用省略to的不定式,否則,but之后的to不能省略。
②在短語an alternative to中,to為介詞。

單句語法填空
①　　　　 (alternative),he may sell products to an export company.?
②The soldier had no alternative but 　　　　 (obey) orders.?
③If you don’t like the school lunch,you have the alternative of 　　　　 (bring) your own.?
④Fruit is a healthy alternative 　　　　 chocolate.?
完成句子
⑤The criminal 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 (除……別無選擇) to tell the truth of his crime.?
答案:①Alternatively?、趖o obey?、踒ringing
④to　⑤had no alternative/choice but
5.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(教材第56頁)
有機耕作的農(nóng)民也種植土壤深度要求不同的多樣性作物,以保持土壤肥沃。
◆depth n.向下(或向里)的距離;深(度)
What’s the depth of the water here?
這兒的水有多深?
We will discuss these three areas in depth.
我們將深入探討這3個領(lǐng)域。
[備用例句]
I didn’t go in depth into the matter with him.
這個問題我沒同他深談。



溫馨提示:
要注意以下量詞的詞形變化:
adj.
deep
high
wide
long
broad
strong
n.
depth
height
width
length
breadth
strength
v.
deepen
heighten
widen
lengthen
broaden
strengthen

單句語法填空
①Plant the beans 　　　　 a depth of about six inches.?
②This is a new subject and needs to be explored 　　　　 depth.?
③I was in the 　　　　 (deep) of despair when the baby was sick.?
完成句子
④我相信,大多數(shù)開發(fā)者在內(nèi)心深處都想當(dāng)英雄。
　　　　 　　　　,I believe most developers want to be the hero.?
答案:①at?、趇n　③depths?、蹹eep down

1.As for chemical fertilisers,crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(教材第55頁)
至于化學(xué)肥料,用其施肥的作物通常生長過快而營養(yǎng)不足。
◆句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition為too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)。too...to...意為“太……而不能……”,表示否定含義。
Nothing is too small to celebrate.(2020全國Ⅰ卷,七選五)
小事再小也值得慶祝。
We can’t be too careful to do our homework.
我們做作業(yè)時越細心越好。
The little boy is too shy to speak to her.
小男孩太害羞,不敢和她講話。
She is too young to know right from wrong.
她太小,還分不清是非。



有時too...to...也表示肯定意義:
①too后跟anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等表示心情、心理活動狀態(tài)或心理傾向的形容詞時;
②too前有but、only、all等詞對其進行修飾時;
③否定詞not、never等用在too前時。

翻譯句子
①湯姆個頭太矮了,夠不著桌子上的蘋果。


②他急于知道考試結(jié)果。


③我能找到人聊聊天,太高興了。


句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④She was so excited that she couldn’t say a word when she heard the news.
→She 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to say a word when she heard the news.?
答案:①Tom is too short to reach the apples on the table.
②He is too eager to know the result of the examination.
③I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.
④was too excited
2.Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground,making it ready again for the next batch of crops.(教材第56頁)
種植不同作物的原因,是為了把重要的礦物質(zhì)重新放回土壤之中,讓土壤為下一批作物(的種植)做好準備。
◆句中making it...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語,表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果,making的邏輯主語為前面的整個句子,所表示的是謂語動詞的直接結(jié)果,是意料中的結(jié)果。
Many people moved to New York,making it the largest city in the USA.
很多人去了紐約,使之成為美國最大的城市。
The car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
這輛車遇到了交通堵塞,結(jié)果晚點了。
[備用例句]
①A hearty laugh relieves physical tension,leaving your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.
開懷大笑緩解身體緊張,讓你的肌肉放松超過半個小時。
②The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.
那孩子滑了一跤,頭撞到了門上。



動詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語,但它通常表示一種“偶然的;出人意料的”結(jié)果,有時為了強調(diào)這種意外的結(jié)果,可在不定式前面加only,譯為“(結(jié)果)卻……;只(只是)……”。

完成句子
①I hurried to his house,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他不在家).?
②He fell off the bike,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 (頭撞到了一塊大石頭上).?
③More highways have been built in China,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 (使更容易) for people to travel from one place to another.?
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
④His parents died early and left him an orphan.
→His parents died early,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.?
⑤The snow lasted a week,which resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
→The snow lasted a week,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.?
答案:①only to find him out?、趆itting his head against a big stone?、踡aking it much easier?、躭eaving him an orphan ⑤resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area

What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(教材第56頁)
他們不能如愿的原因是化學(xué)耕作滿足了全世界對食物的高需求。
◆句中What keeps them from doing so為what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,that chemical farming...around the world是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。

單句情境寫作
1.昨天發(fā)生嚴重事故的原因是他開車太快。


2.但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)最令我感動的卻是,他們把做這些都當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然的。


3.最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。


答案:1.What caused the serious accident yesterday was the fact that he was driving too fast.
2.But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.
3.What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.

What other important aspects of agriculture do you want to know about? (教材第58頁)
你還想了解農(nóng)業(yè)的哪些重要方面?
◆aspect n.方面;層面;朝向;方位
This was one aspect of her character he hadn’t seen before.
這是他過去沒有了解到的她性格的一個方面。
Students may pursue research in any aspect of computational linguistics.
學(xué)生可以就計算語言學(xué)的任何一個方面展開研究。
He has made progress in every aspect.
他在各方面都有起色。
The house has a south-west aspect.
房子為西南朝向。



單句語法填空
①He showed us every 　　　　 (aspect) of the game that we had never seen before.?
②The relations between our two countries have improved markedly 　　　　 every aspect.?
③Have you thought about the problem 　　　　 every aspect??
翻譯句子
④他對這里工作的各方面都感興趣。


答案:①aspect?、趇n?、踗rom　④He was interested in all aspects of the work here.


Write an argumentative essay on forming

1.文本類型:辯論型文章。
2.要點內(nèi)容:
①化學(xué)種植和有機種植的不同種植方法;
②化學(xué)種植和有機種植對環(huán)境的不同影響。



1.表達觀點型文章常用詞組:
have a positive attitude 有一個積極的態(tài)度
draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
contribute to your health 有助于你的身體健康
put forward a suggestion 提出建議
do harm to people’s health 傷害人們的健康
cause a lot of diseases 導(dǎo)致很多疾病
a waste of money 浪費錢
give up smoking 戒煙
take my advice into consideration 考慮我的建議
stay away from junk food 遠離垃圾食品
2.表達觀點型文章首段常用句式:
I’m sorry to hear/learn that...
聽說……我很難過
In my opinion,it is wrong to/that...
在我看來,……是錯誤的
I don’t think it is a very good way to...
我認為……不是一個很好的方法
Thank you for your letter asking me about...
謝謝你來信詢問我有關(guān)……
I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up...
我寫信是勸你放棄……
3.表達觀點型文章中段常用句式:
Here are my reasons.First of all,I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先,我認為如果……會更好
The reasons for...are as follows.First,...Second,...Last but not least,...
……的原因如下。首先,…… 第二,…… 最后但同樣重要的是,……
On the one hand...,on the other hand...
一方面……,另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
沒有人能忽視……的事實
If I were you,I would...
如果我是你,我會……
4.表達觀點型文章尾段常用句式:
In short/In conclusion/In closing...
總之……
All things considered...
從各方面看來……
As far as I’m concerned,...
就我而言,……
From what has been discussed above,...
通過以上討論,……
Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
請考慮我的建議,做出最后的決定。

假設(shè)你是李華,最近,你班開展了主題為“Chemical Farming or Organic Farming”的征文活動。請寫一篇你支持開展有機農(nóng)業(yè)的英語文章,發(fā)表在學(xué)校校報的英語專版上。
1.化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)的危害;
2.有機農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)點及理由;
3.根據(jù)自己掌握的相關(guān)知識,批判性地發(fā)表自己的觀點。


Ⅰ.對接單元詞匯
1.　　　　　　　　　 n.不足;缺少;短缺?
2.　　　　　　　　 vt.(通常經(jīng)過努力)獲得;得到?
3.　　　　　　　　 adj.傳統(tǒng)的;習(xí)慣的?
4.　　　　　　　　 adj.熱切的;十分強烈?的;激烈的
5.　　　　　　　　 vt.產(chǎn)生;引起?
6.　　　　　　　? 在內(nèi)心深處;本質(zhì)上;實際上
7.　　　　　　　　 n.泥土;土壤;國土;領(lǐng)土?
8.　　　　　　　　 adj.與化學(xué)有關(guān)的;化學(xué)的 n.化學(xué)制品;化學(xué)品?
9.　　　　　　　　 n.味道;特點;特色?
10.　　　　　　　　 n.肥料?
11.　　　　　　　　 adj.有營養(yǎng)的;營養(yǎng)豐富的?
12.　　　　　　　　 adj.有機的;不使用化肥的;有機物的?
13.　　　　　　　　 adv.全部地;完整地;完全地?
答案:1.shortage　2.attain　3.conventional 4.intense　5.generate　6.deep down 7.soil　8.chemical　9.flavour　10.fertiliser 11.nutritious　12.organic　13.entirely
Ⅱ.巧用單元句式、語法
翻譯句子
1.最近我們班就化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機農(nóng)業(yè)舉行了一場激烈的討論。


2.在我看來,我們應(yīng)該提倡有機農(nóng)業(yè)。


3.化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)存在著諸多不足。它通常是通過在深層使用大量的化學(xué)肥料來實現(xiàn)。


4.殘留在作物內(nèi)部的化學(xué)物質(zhì)很難被洗掉,這往往會導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。


5.而且,用傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)方法生產(chǎn)的食物味道不好。


6.有機農(nóng)業(yè)不涉及化學(xué)品,對我們的健康和環(huán)境都有利。


7.更重要的是,有機種植的農(nóng)民使用完全自然的方法來保持土壤肥沃,作物以健康的方式生長。


8.農(nóng)作物、蔬菜和水果味道更好,也更有營養(yǎng)。


9.俗話說,健康是第一財富,所以選擇有機食品是更明智的。


答案:1.Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.
2.In my opinion,we should advocate organic agriculture.
3.There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture. It is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
4.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,which often causes cancer or other illnesses.
5.Also,food that is produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
6.Organic farming involves no chemicals and it benefits both our health and the environment.
7.More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way.
8.The crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
9.As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.

1.用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句升級第2句。


2.用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句升級第3句。


3.用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語升級第4句。


4.用過去分詞作定語簡化第5句。


5.用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語升級第6句。


6.將第7句和第8句合并為一個句子,使之更加有條理。


答案:1.In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.
2.There are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.
3.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.
4.Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.
5.Organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.
6.Organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.

Recently our class held an intense discussion on chemical agriculture and organic agriculture.In my opinion,what our society needs is to advocate organic agriculture.The following are my reasons.
On one hand,there are many shortages existing in chemical agriculture,which is often attained by using lots of chemical fertilisers deep down.The chemicals staying inside the crops are hard to be washed off,often causing cancer or other illnesses.Also,food produced in the conventional chemical way tastes bad.On the other hand,organic farming involves no chemicals,benefiting both our health and the environment.More importantly,organic farmers use entirely natural means to keep the soil rich and crops grow in a healthy way,so the crops,vegetables and fruits have a better flavour and are more nutritious.
As a saying goes,health is the first wealth,so it is wiser to choose organic food.

假設(shè)你是李華,你所在的中學(xué)正面向?qū)W生征集意見,詢問學(xué)生是否贊成開設(shè)線上課堂(online classrooms)。請給校長寫一封電子郵件,表達你贊同開設(shè)線上課堂的觀點。要點如下:
1.網(wǎng)上教學(xué)資源豐富;
2.提高課堂效率;
3.線上課堂利于環(huán)保;
4.其他理由。
注意:
1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3.開頭、結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Headmaster,









Yours sincerely,
Li Hua


　　One possible version:
Dear Headmaster,
We have been asked about our opinions on opening online classrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with,everyone learns differently.Students can customise their smart devices with materials that fit their level and learning style.Moreover,when connected to the Internet,students can interact with teachers from all over the world and enjoy tons of useful materials,which obviously will enable them to learn more efficiently.For the sake of environmental protection,opening online classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly,I believe students will develop their interests by enjoying a new way of learning.
I hope you would take my ideas into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
課時作業(yè)(十)　UNIT 5　Part 2

Ⅰ.語境填詞
1.My 　　　　 (digest) is terrible and now I think I have to go to see a doctor.?
2.In an ideal world there would be no 　　　　 (poor) and disease.?
3.The 　　　　 (deep) of the well is around 6 metres.?
4.We shall see that this is not 　　　　 (entire) true.?
5.　　　　 instance,gas stations,cafes are allowed to keep operating on Sundays.?
6.Do you know how much you spend on clothes and 　　　　 (grocery) annually??
7. We will discuss each of these items 　　　　 turn.?
8.He had strayed from the path of 　　　　(convention) behaviour.?
9. It is important to introduce children to healthy 　　　　 (nutrition) foods from when they begin to eat solids.?
10.Some of these 　　　　 (bacterium) are actually good for you.?
答案:1.digestion　2.poverty　3.depth　
4.entirely　5.For　6.groceries　7.in　
8.conventional　9.nutritious　10.bacteria
　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　
Ⅱ.單句情境寫作
1.出口的下降反過來又減少了國內(nèi)的支出。(in turn)
?
2.例如,如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)有人偷東西,你會怎么做?(for instance)
?
3.我們的價格保持競爭力是至關(guān)重要的。(essential)
?
4.作為備選方案,可以執(zhí)行以下步驟。(alternative)
?
5.農(nóng)民們采取措施使他們的莊稼免受病害。(free from)
?
6.這跟我要找的顏色差遠了。(nowhere near)
?
答案:1.Falling exports have,in turn,decreased domestic spending.
2.What would you do,for instance,if you found someone stealing?
3.It is essential that our prices remain competitive.
4.As an alternative,the following steps can be performed.
5.The farmers take measures to keep their crops free from disease.
6.It’s nowhere near the colour I’m looking for.

閱讀
A

　　The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat,it has,at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives (添加劑) caused cancer.
Yet,these additives remain in our food,and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包裝) of foods are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to their animals,and because of this,penicillin has been found in the milk of cows.Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health,but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although some countries have tried to control such things,the practice continues.
1.According to this passage,we can know 　　　.?
A.perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B.perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C.cancer was discovered in 1945
D.science has made food unfit to eat
2.Things that are used to keep colours in meats are 　　　.?
A.harmful B.useless
C.helpless D.dangerous
3. People use additives 　　　.?
A.to make food more unfit to eat
B.to improve the colour of the food
C.to change the colour of the food
D.to take off the disease of the food
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是食物雖然可以讓我們生存,但是現(xiàn)在的很多疾病也是與食物有關(guān)的,所以我們要特別注意自己的飲食健康。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式。
答案及剖析:
1.A　細節(jié)理解題。考查學(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Some research has shown...is related to food as well.”可知,也許大多數(shù)的人類疾病是由我們的飲食引起的。故選A。
2.A　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised...other food additives(添加劑) caused cancer.”可知,用來保持肉類顏色的東西是有害的。故選A。
3.B　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“In 1945,some researchers realised that things commonly used to keep colours in meats and other food additives(添加劑) caused cancer.”可推斷,人們往往使用添加劑來改善食物的顏色。故選B。
B

　　At every turn in the Netherlands,the future of sustainable(可持續(xù)的) agriculture is taking shape—not in the meeting rooms of big companies but on thousands of modest family farms.
You can see it vividly on the farm run by Ted Duijvestijn and his brothers.At the Duijvestijns’ 36-acre greenhouse near the old city of Delf,visitors wander among the deep green tomato plants,which are 20 feet tall.Rooted not in soil but in materials made from leaves and stalks,the plants are heavy with tomatoes—15 varieties in all—to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.
Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.The farm produces all of its own energy and fertiliser and even some of the packaging materials necessary for the crop’s distribution and sale.The growing environment is kept at perfect temperatures year-round by geothermal heat(地?zé)? that can be found under at least half of the Netherlands.Only rainwater is used for irrigation.Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.Once each year the entire crop is regrown from seeds,and the old plants are processed to make packaging materials.The few pests that manage to enter the greenhouse are greeted by an army of fierce insects that shows no interest in tomatoes.The nutrition in the soil can be improved by growing plants that work with certain bacteria to produce their own fertiliser.In short,it’s an entirely self-contained food system.
“Look at the island of Bali in Indonesia!” Ted explains.“For at least a thousand years,its farmers have raised ducks and fish within the same rice field.It’s irrigated by the canal systems sculpted by human hands along mountains.They are our model.”
4.What can we learn about the Duijvestijns’ tomatoes?
A.Their colour is deep green.
B.There are 15 on each plant.
C.They are very tasty.
D.They grow in rich natural soil.
5.The Duijvestijns,greenhouse 　　　.?
A.does not have insects
B.is heated by solar energy
C.produces its own chemical fertiliser
D.consumes much less water
6.What does the underlined word “self-contained” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Independent. B.Reliable.
C.Satisfying. D.Separated.
7.Why does Ted mention the island of Bali?
A.He is attracted to its canal systems.
B.He will also raise ducks in his farm.
C.He wants to see the beautiful island.
D.He appreciates its farming methods.
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭Duijvestijns生態(tài)農(nóng)場的基本情況。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生關(guān)于人與環(huán)境、人與動植物和諧共存的意識。
答案及剖析:
4.C　推理判斷題。考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Rooted not in soil but in materials...to suit the taste of the most demanding customers.”可知,Ted Duijvestijns農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)的西紅柿非常美味。故選C。
5.D　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Each kilogram of tomatoes from their plants requires less than 15 kilograms of water,compared with 61 kilograms for plants in open fields.”可知,Duijvestijns生態(tài)農(nóng)場耗水量少。故選D。
6.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的主題句“Since 2004,the Duijvestijns have declared resource independence on every front.”以及本段的細節(jié)內(nèi)容可推斷,該農(nóng)場完全能自給自足,self-contained意為“自給自足的”。故選A。
7.D　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“They are our model.”可推斷,Ted提到巴厘島是因為他非常欣賞巴厘島上的耕作方法。故選D。
核心素養(yǎng)提升(UNIT 5)
(時間:120分鐘　滿分:150分)

高考主播音頻
第一部分　聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1.What is the man’s problem?(　C　)
A.He has no patience to wait for his wife.
B.He can’t see the sign clearly.
C.He’s parked in the wrong place.
2.What will Barbara do?(　A　)
A.Play volleyball.
B.Watch a game.
C.Find a player.
3.When did Susan leave home?(　A　)
A.At 5:30. B.At 6:10. C.At 6:15.
4.How does the woman think of the restaurant?(　A　)
A.Good food with high price.
B.Good food with reasonable price.
C.Good food with low price.
5.What did the man do first last night?(　B　)
A.He studied.
B.He did the dishes.
C.He walked the dog.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
　　聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
　　聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6.What does the boy say about programs for teenagers?(　A　)
A.They’re dull.
B.They’re enjoyable.
C.They’re old.
7.What will the boy do this evening?(　B　)
A.Watch TV.
B.Listen to music.
C.Read a book.
　　聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。
8.What did the woman buy as her husband’s birthday present?(　C　)
A.A hat. B.A tie. C.A shirt.
9.Why did the assistant refuse to help the woman?(　B　)
A.Because the woman didn’t show him the receipt.
B.Because the thing she wanted to change had been worn.
C.Because the woman told a lie.
　　聽第8段材料,回答第10～12題。
10.Where did the boy go just now?(　A　)
A.To the headmaster’s office.
B.To the classroom.
C.To his home.
11.How did the boy feel at first?(　A　)
A.Nervous. B.Excited. C.Proud.
12.What do we know about the boy?(　B　)
A.He did something wrong.
B.He won an international competition.
C.He failed to hand in an essay.
　　聽第9段材料,回答第13～16題。
13.Where does the woman come from?(　A　)
A.London.
B.San Francisco.
C.Los Angeles.
14.How will the woman travel to Monterey?(　B　)
A.By plane. B.By car. C.By train.
15.How long will the woman stay at the man’s place?(　B　)
A.Three nights.
B.Four nights.
C.A week.
16.What will the weather be like in Monterey?(　C　)
A.Cold. B.Hot. C.Warm.
　　聽第10段材料,回答第17～20題。
17.Who is making the announcement?(　B　)
A.The city mayor.
B.A Campus Security officer.
C.The marathon organiser.
18.When does the race start?(　A　)
A.At 7:30 am.
B.At 8:00 am.
C.At 9:00 am.
19.What does the speaker ask the listeners to do?(　C　)
A.Get excited about the marathon.
B.Call the marathon organisers to complain.
C.Finish their business before 9:00.
20.Why should people get a map?(　B　)
A.To find the closest parking lots.
B.To figure out where there might be traffic problems.
C.To find out which shops and banks are open.
聽力原文
第一節(jié)
(Text 1)
W:Sir,did you see the “No Parking” sign?
M:I won’t be here long.My wife will finish shopping in five minutes.
W:Sorry,sir.Not even for one minute!You’ll get fined if you don’t go!
(Text 2)
M:Barbara,you see those girls over there?They need another player for a volleyball game.Would you like to join them?
W:Seems like it’s a game for fun.Sure,I’ll be there soon.
(Text 3)
M:I wonder if Susan will be here by six.
W:Her husband said she left home at half past five.She should be here at ten past six,a quarter past six at the latest.
(Text 4)
M:How was the restaurant where you ate last night?
W:The food was quite good,but the price was shocking.
M:I know.It’s difficult to find a restaurant that has both good food and reasonable price.
(Text 5)
M:Last night I was very busy.First,I had to do the dishes.Then,I had to take my dog out for a walk.After I got back home,I played the piano for an hour.
W:Let me guess,you saved your studying for last.
第二節(jié)
(Text 6)
W:Let’s watch TV.There are some programs on TV for teenagers.
M:I know,but the programs are always boring.What kind of programs do you like?
W:I like sports shows and movies.
M:I don’t really like watching sports—I like taking part in them.And most of the movies on TV are very old.Don’t you think so?
W:Well,I’m not sure.Then what are you going to do this evening?
M:Well,I’m going to enjoy some songs on the radio.
(Text 7)
M:Can I help you?
W:Well,I bought this shirt last week for my husband’s birthday,and er...well he doesn’t like it.Could I change it for something else,such as a tie or a hat?
M:Certainly,madam,provided that it hasn’t been worn,and if you have the receipt.
W:Yes,here it is.
M:OK,er...this shirt looks as if it were worn.I’m afraid I can’t put that back on the shelf.
W:Oh,that’s a pity.
(Text 8)
W:Hey,Peter!Where were you? I was looking for you everywhere.
M:I’m sorry,but I went to the headmaster’s office just now.
W:Were you nervous?
M:Yes.When I went inside his office,my heart was beating faster than ever.
W:What happened then?
M:Everyone came to me and shook my hands.Then,I saw my parents.They came up and hugged me.
W:Were they congratulating you?
M:Yes! You got it!I won an international essay competition for my essay called Saving Our Earth.They gave me a medal!
(Text 9)
M:Hi,Laura.I see you’re coming to California in October.When will you come to stay with us?
W:We can’t wait to see you and Tim.Jack and I have decided to spend three weeks in California.Then we are flying to San Francisco and after that flying back to London from Los Angeles.
M:So are you going to rent a car or take a train?
W:We’d spend three days in San Francisco,then hire a car.We’ll drive to visit you in Monterey for a few days,and then head south toward Los Angeles.
M:When are you arriving?
W:October the seventh.I think it’s a Monday.And what will the weather be like?
M:It’s normally about 70 degrees,sorry,that’s 20 degrees Celsius in your language!
W:Great,so we can go to the beach?
M:Absolutely.Here you can go practically all year round.
W:I’m so excited.If we could stay for four nights from the seventh,that could be just great.
M:You’re booked in.Just give me a ring when you set off from San Francisco.
(Text 10)
W:Please be advised that many streets in and around the Howard University campus will be closed on Sunday,Dec.1st,from 8:30 am to 3:30 pm as part of the Williams Route 66 Marathon.The city of Smithville has advised us that we should expect traffic problems,especially when runners are likely to be passing our school.Campus Security officers will be on hand to help direct the traffic,but you should expect difficulty entering and exiting the campus.The marathon begins downtown at 7:30 am More than 11,000 people are expected to attend this event,and a significant traffic jam is expected.Remember that visitors may also be lining the streets to cheer on the competitors,so it’s best to finish any shopping or banking before 9:00.We know that some of you will need to conduct business as usual.Students and employees who park in the apartment parking lots may be able to enter and exit through gates along the main streets that are normally closed during regular hours.You’d better get a map of the marathon course so that you can handle the traffic problems.You may also call their office at 218-155-1292.If you have concerns,please contact us at Campus Security by phone at 218-155-3616,or leave a comment on our website.
第二部分　閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
　　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Looking for something fun to do this summer? Ready to learn about leadership and make a difference in your community? Apply to volunteer! Volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff.
Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program
Help promote opportunities to play and lead playground participants in games, sports, arts & crafts, and make new friendships.
Dates:June 14-August 12, Monday-Friday
Times:9 am-3 pm
Application Deadline:May 25
The View
Help promote opportunities to take care of children in a social setting.This program includes trips to the Bloomington Family Aquatic Center.
Dates:June 14-August 6, Monday-Friday
Times:9 am-4 pm
Application Deadline:April 24
Adaptive Softball
Softball volunteers teach and encourage people with disabilities at weekly softball games at Tarnhill Park.Volunteers can choose to coach youth and/or adults on Tuesdays.
Dates:Tuesdays, June 14-August 10
Times:6:15 am-8:15 pm
Application Deadline:May 31
Farmers Market Volunteer
The Farmers Market is looking for volunteers in three types:Market Operations, Family Activities and Cooking display.
Dates:Mondays & Saturdays, June 12-October 23
Times:7 am-2 pm with varying shifts
Application Deadline:April 16
To apply to volunteer, visit BloomingtonMN.gov.All volunteers must apply online and fill out the application form before an interview.For more information, contact Parks and Recreation at 952-563-8877 or e-mail at parksrec@BloomingtonMN.gov.
21.Which program will you choose if you are not free on Mondays?
A.Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program.
B.Adaptive Softball.
C.Farmers Market Volunteer.
D.The View.
22.If you are good at cooking, you may apply to the related program on 　　　.?
A.April 15 B.April 20
C.May 24 D.May 31
23.What should you do to gain the opportunity as a volunteer?
A.Send the application form by e-mail.
B.Go for an interview directly.
C.Contact the organisers at 952-563-8877.
D.Fill in an application form online.
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個志愿者活動的情況,包括時間安排、活動內(nèi)容等信息。閱讀本文有利于開闊學(xué)生的視野,培養(yǎng)其熱愛生活的意識。
答案及剖析:
21.B　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Summer Adventure Playgrounds Program部分中的“Dates:June 14-August 12, Monday-Friday”,The View部分中的“Dates:June 14-August 6, Monday-Friday”,Adaptive Softball部分中的“Dates:Tuesdays, June 14-August 10”,以及Farmers Market Volunteer部分中的“Dates:Mondays & Saturdays, June 12-October 23”可知,如果你周一沒有時間,你可以選擇Adaptive Softball項目。故選B。
22.A　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Farmers Market Volunteer部分中的“The Farmers Market is looking for volunteers in three types:
Market Operations, Family Activities and Cooking display.”以及“Application Deadline:April 16”可知,如果你擅長烹飪,可以在4月15日申請相關(guān)課程。故選A。
23.D　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的“All volunteers must apply online and fill out the application form before an interview.”可知,你應(yīng)該在網(wǎng)上填寫申請表來獲得作為志愿者的機會。故選D。
B

I bought several packs of seeds, 24 small plastic seed pots, plant fertiliser and potting soil.I made sure the soil didn’t contain added fertiliser.I wanted something that I could grow quickly, that wouldn’t take up a lot of space and that wouldn’t get too big.I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland.So I knew I needed a plant that could grow when it’s cool.I picked radishes (小蘿卜), which grow well in the early fall or spring.Some varieties can grow a full radish in only 21 days.
I kept 12 of the pots and one pack of seeds for myself.I gave the other 12 pots and the other packet of seeds—along with some fertiliser and soil—to my editor, Sarah.This was to provide an additional control for location.After all, what if my yard just happens to be much better for growing plants? What if it’s worse? By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah’s, I hoped to make sure that any difference with the plants came from the fertiliser.
Sarah and I planted our seeds.Sometimes, seeds don’t sprout (發(fā)芽).So we carefully planted four evenly (相等地) spaced seeds in each pot.Six of my pots (and six of Sarah’s) served as controls-pots that would not get fertiliser.Our other six were treated with fertiliser.For each of us, this added up to 24 control seeds, and 24 seeds that would get fertiliser.
We watered all the plants equally with clean water every other day (unless it rained).Once a week, we applied fertiliser to half the pots.We also took pictures every day, so we could see the plants change over time.As I expected, many of our seeds didn’t sprout.In fact, only about a fourth of mine sprouted.Sarah has a greener thumb.She successfully grew half of hers.
24.Why does the author want to grow such a plant?
A.To enjoy it.
B.To make it very cool.
C.To take up more space.
D.To make an experiment.
25.In the author’s view, what’s the difference of plants Sarah and she grow?
A.From the fertiliser used.
B.From the different ways.
C.From the different soil.
D.From the seeds used.
26.What can we get from Paragraph 3?
A.The experiment is successful.
B.The author is respectful to her editor.
C.The author is considerate.
D.The process of the experiment is complex.
27.What do you think of Sarah?
A.She’s fond of growing plants.
B.She’s smarter than the author.
C.She has a gifted for growing plants.
D.She’s a devoted and friendly woman.
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文的寫作方法是夾敘夾議。作者通過講述在院子種植植物的全過程以及與同事薩拉的種植對比來說明自己要做的一個實驗,并以此來說明科學(xué)種植的重要性。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生嚴謹?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。
答案及剖析:
24.D　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland.So I knew I needed a plant that could grow when it’s cool.”可知,作者種植這樣一種植物是為了想要在秋季做實驗。故選D。
25.A　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,作者認為主要是肥料的使用帶來差異。故選A。
26.C　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)第三段的描述可知,作者與同事Sarah對種子進行了細致的分配,而且用兩種方法進行種植。由此推知,作者是一個考慮周到的人。故選C。
27.C　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sarah has a greener thumb.”可推知,作者的朋友薩拉在種植植物方面有一定的天賦。故選C。
C
In my everyday life,I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment,in particular climate change.It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.
Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than,let’s say,20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately:is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
After doing some research,I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts,the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions
(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels,including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding,we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes,clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group,so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.However,for the car and the other appliances (設(shè)備) that we need we can go with new,energy-saving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
28.What is the text mainly about?
A.What appliances to buy to save energy.
B.What a carbon footprint means in our life.
C.How to identify different carbon footprints.
D.How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
29.What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?
A.It is related to our consumption of fuels.
B.It is made when we are buying the products.
C.It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.
D.It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.
30.Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?
A.Using second-hand textbooks.
B.Using old and expensive cars.
C.Buying new but cheap clothes.
D.Buying new wooden furniture.
31.“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in 　　　.?
A.using the product
B.recycling the product
C.making the product
D.transporting the product
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。作者一直努力減少生活中的碳足跡,新型環(huán)保產(chǎn)品和使用過的傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,哪一種更能減少碳足跡呢?作者通過研究和對比給我們找到了答案:他們各有千秋。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識和創(chuàng)新精神。
答案及剖析:
28.D　主旨大意題?？疾閷W(xué)生理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices”和困擾作者的一個問題“is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods”,以及第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者通過研究得出答案,有些時候是新型環(huán)保產(chǎn)品好,有時候是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品更好。文章接下來的段落就是分析了作者這個答案是怎樣找到的。由此可知,文章主要是關(guān)于怎樣選擇更環(huán)保的生活方式的。故選D。
29.D　推理判斷題。考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“The secondary footprint is a measure...related to their production and breakdown.”可知,第二種碳足跡雖然不是我們直接產(chǎn)生的,但是也是我們使用的產(chǎn)品釋放出來的,也是要歸結(jié)到我們身上的。故選D。
30.A　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的“Things like dishes...used goods to avoid the added production.”可知,像盤子、衣服和家具這樣的物品是屬于“第二類型的足跡”,所以是越少越好,我們應(yīng)該注重尋找用過的物品來避免額外的生產(chǎn)。二手書屬于可以二次使用的物品,符合題意。故選A。
31.A　詞匯猜測題?？疾閷W(xué)生在具體語境中推測詞匯意義的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的“The main concern here...the product will make once it gets to you.”可知,“footprint”在其后的定語從句“the product will make once it gets to you”中充當(dāng)“make”的賓語,意思是“這種碳足跡就是產(chǎn)品到你手里之后,你使用中所產(chǎn)生的”。由此推知,畫線詞組the footprint指的是“產(chǎn)品使用過程中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳”。故選A。
D
Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have grown wood-like structures from cells taken from the leaves of a flowering plant.
The results were recently reported in a study.Velasquez-Garcia, the lead researcher, said the process is still in the early stage.But if it can be perfected, it could simplify and speed up the production of wood products.“The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” Velasquez-Garcia said.
For example, the current process of making a wooden table can take many years.First, a tree has to grow.Then, it must be cut down, transported, processed, etc.Velasquez-Garcia says lab-grown wood could combine all those steps into one.“You want a table, then you should just grow a table.” he said.
The process is similar in some ways to lab-produced meat, which is grown from live animal cells.But in the wood experiment, the MIT team collected live cells from the leaves of a zinnia plant.
The plant cells were then kept in an environment designed to support growth.Plant cells can become anything if they are induced to.
The experiment was carried out indoors, without soil or sunlight.During the process, the researchers used a mixture of two plant hormones that helped the cells grow a thick, strong wood-like structure.With further study, the researchers say they could use the same process to grow wood in specific shapes, such as a table.
Such a lab-based farming method “promises to improve yields while reducing plant waste and competition for arable land,” the research study states.
David Stern is a plant biologist, who was not involved in the study.He said one big question is whether the technology can remain economically competitive since the method would require major financial and intellectual investments.And he said new issues would arise when parts of forestry and agriculture were brought into the lab.“Agriculture uses the sun’s energy through photosynthesis, and...natural rainfall.It does not require buildings, heat, or artificial light,” Stern said.
32.What is the advantage of producing wood in the lab over traditional ways?
A.Lower cost.
B.Stronger structure.
C.More procedures.
D.Higher productivity.
33.The author mentioned lab-produced meat to 　　　.?
A.stress the high popularity it enjoys
B.help tell it from lab-produced wood
C.explain the wood experiment more clearly
D.provide another way of producing wood in the lab
34.What can we infer about the wood experiment?
A.It requires no light.
B.It failed eventually.
C.It needs to be perfected.
D.It produced no plant waste.
35.What is Stern’s attitude towards the lab-based farming method?
A.Cautious. B.Opposed.
C.Uncaring. D.Favourable.
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員從一種開花植物的葉子中提取細胞,培育出了木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。文章介紹了這項技術(shù)的一些優(yōu)勢和人們對此的看法。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)精神和創(chuàng)新意識。
答案及剖析:
32.D　細節(jié)理解題?？疾閷W(xué)生識別和理解文本中具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“Velasquez-Garcia, the lead researcher, said...changed in centuries and is very inefficient,’ Velasquez-Garcia said.”可知,與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,在實驗室生產(chǎn)木材的優(yōu)勢在于生產(chǎn)效率更高。故選D。
33.C　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)第四段“The process is similar in...the leaves of a zinnia plant.”可知,這一過程在某些方面與實驗室生產(chǎn)的肉類相似,后者是用活的動物細胞培養(yǎng)而成的。但在木材實驗中,麻省理工學(xué)院的研究小組從百日草的葉子中收集了活細胞。由此可推知,作者提到實驗室生產(chǎn)的肉是為了更清楚地解釋木材實驗。故選C。
34.C　推理判斷題?？疾閷W(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“With further study, the researchers say...in specific shapes, such as a table.”可知,研究人員說,通過進一步的研究,他們可以用同樣的方法種植特定形狀的木材,比如桌子。由最后一段中的“He said one big question...major financial and intellectual investments.”可知,一個大問題是,這種技術(shù)能否保持經(jīng)濟競爭力,因為這種方法需要大量的財力和智力投入。由此可推知,木材實驗需要進一步完善。故選C。
35.A　推理判斷題。考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文本信息進行推斷歸納的能力。根據(jù)最后一段可知,David Stern是一名植物生物學(xué)家,他沒有參與這項研究。他說,一個大問題是,這種技術(shù)能否保持經(jīng)濟競爭力,因為這種方法需要大量的財政和智力投資。他說,當(dāng)林業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的部分被納入實驗室時,新的問題將會出現(xiàn)。農(nóng)業(yè)通過光合作用和自然降雨來利用太陽能。它不需要建筑、供熱或人工照明。由此可推知,Stern對實驗室農(nóng)業(yè)方法持謹慎態(tài)度。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

The sunflower, native to North America, is now cultivated worldwide, with Antarctica the only continent where it is not grown.36.　　　 They found this plant could provide them with a variety of useful products.By pointing or grinding, the seeds were turned into flour and used to make bread.Oil, also used in bread making, was obtained by squeezing the seeds.The native people enjoyed eating the seeds as a healthy snack food.?
37.　　 　 Native Americans also used the oil of the sunflower for hair grooming.Purple and yellow hair dyes were made from sunflowers and used as body paint and a way to decorate textiles and baskets.The dried stalks, being light and strong, were ideal for use as a building material.38.　　　They believed it was a good dressing for wounds and could treat snakebites effectively.?
Today there are over sixty varieties of sunflowers which are used to produce a wide range of products for both human and animal consumption.39.　　 　 The material which is left after the pressing is called “press cake” and is used to make feed for livestock.The sunflower seeds make an excellent snack food when roasted or even raw.The entire seed is often used in commercial birdseed mixtures for domestic and wild birds.40.　　　?
Industry uses sunflower oil in the production of paint, soaps, candles and many other products.However, remembering how beautiful the sunflower looks, what gardener wouldn’t love to have some of these tall, showy plants to beautify his or her garden?
A.Sunflower oil for cooking is obtained by pressing the seeds.
B.Many people enjoy the healthy bread produced from sunflower seed flour.
C.The nutrients in these seeds may reduce your risk of common health problems.
D.The sunflower follows the sun in its travels across the sky from dawn until dusk.
E.The sunflower was also used by Native Americans for a variety of medicinal purposes.
F.Native people of North America started cultivating the sunflower over 5,000 years ago.
G.However, the sunflower provided many products which were not used in food applications.
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了向日葵的種植以及一些用向日葵生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生人與環(huán)境、人與動植物和諧共存的意識。
答案及剖析:
36.F　考查學(xué)生理解段內(nèi)句間銜接關(guān)系的能力。根據(jù)上文“The sunflower, native to North America, is now cultivated worldwide, with Antarctica the only continent where it is not grown.”可知,上文提到了向日葵在北美洲的種植情況,F選項中“North America”對應(yīng)上文中“North America”。F選項“北美洲的原住民在5 000年前就開始種植向日葵了?！狈险Z境,且下文的“They”指代的就是北美洲的原住民。故選F。
37.G　考查學(xué)生理解段落主題句與段內(nèi)句間銜接關(guān)系的能力。根據(jù)后文“Native Americans also used the oil of the sunflower...being light and strong, were ideal for use as a building material.”可知,后文的例子表明與向日葵相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品多為日常使用,而不是用于生產(chǎn)食物。G選項“然而,向日葵提供的許多產(chǎn)品并沒有用于食品應(yīng)用。”符合語境。故選G。
38.E　考查學(xué)生理解段內(nèi)句間銜接關(guān)系的能力。根據(jù)后文“They believed it was a good dressing for wounds and could treat snakebites effectively.”可知,后文指出有人將向日葵作為一種藥品,來治療蛇咬傷,由此推知設(shè)空處陳述向日葵在醫(yī)藥方面的作用。E選項“向日葵也被印第安人用作多種藥用目的?！狈险Z境。故選E。
39.A　考查學(xué)生理解段內(nèi)句間銜接關(guān)系的能力。根據(jù)后文“The material which is left after the pressing is called ‘press cake’ and is used to make feed for livestock.”可知,后文提到了壓榨后剩下的材料,可見本句是在說明壓榨得到的產(chǎn)品,A選項中的“pressing”對應(yīng)后文中的“pressing”。A選項“烹飪用的葵花籽油是通過壓榨種子得到的?！狈险Z境。故選A。
40.B　考查學(xué)生理解段內(nèi)句間銜接關(guān)系的能力。根據(jù)上文“The sunflower seeds make an excellent snack...commercial birdseed mixtures for domestic and wild birds.”可知,上文提到了葵花籽可以制成食物,本句為本段最后一句,應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明葵花籽可以制成的食物,B選項中“sunflower seed”對應(yīng)上文中“sunflower seeds”。B選項“許多人喜歡用葵花籽面粉制成的健康面包?！狈险Z境。故選B。
第三部分　語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
A wave hit my face and I swallowed salt water.My chest was already burning as I struggled to 　41　.I had no air to call for help.In desperation I 　42　 one hand and waved it to get the lifeguard’s attention.?
Two young men were suddenly near me.“Help,” I　43　 to whisper.?
One of them grabbed my arm.The other grabbed his arm.Together they pulled me toward the 　44　.The lifeguard entered the water with his 　45　.“You can stand here,” he said.“The water’s shallow.”?
I shook my head.I was too 　46　 to stand, much less walk.They 　47　 me over the board.?
“You were caught in a riptide(激流),” the lifeguard said 　48　 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking, trying to catch my breath.?
“Are you all right now?” one of my 　49　 asked.?
I looked up at the two of them and　50　.For the first time I got a really good look at them.They looked 　51　 as if they were twins.?
“Thank you so much for saving my life.And thank you too,” I said to the lifeguard.
The few others had　52　 on the beach.I felt embarrassed and 　53　 to walk back to my towel.After just a few 　54　 I looked back again for the twins.?
“There you are!” Dom said when I got back to the towel.I looked back at the 　55　.Then I sat down with my friends to tell them about the angels.?
41.A.run B.breathe
C.swim D.relax
42.A.raised B.injured
C.sought D.left
43.A.refused B.managed
C.pretended D.forgot
44.A.bank B.opposite
C.shore D.field
45.A.board B.assistant
C.rope D.boat
46.A.sleepy B.frightened
C.annoyed D.worn
47.A.laid B.threw
C.hid D.teased
48.A.since B.as
C.but D.if
49.A.colleagues B.friends
C.rescuers D.customers
50.A.nodded B.slipped
C.apologised D.fell
51.A.handsome B.alike
C.pale D.happy
52.A.cooked B.slept
C.gathered D.shouted
53.A.broke down B.turned in
C.kept off D.got up
54.A.hours B.games
C.steps D.questions
55.A.picture B.record
C.pattern D.water
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在海里遇險被救生員營救的故事。閱讀本文有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)會感恩、學(xué)會生活的意識。
[文章脈絡(luò)]

答案及剖析:
41.B　根據(jù)下文“I had no air to call for help.”可知,作者在努力呼吸(breathe)。
42.A　根據(jù)下文“and waved it to get the lifeguard’s attention”可知,在絕望中作者舉起(raised)一只手搖動以得到救生員的注意。
43.B　根據(jù)下文作者獲救可知,此處指作者成功地(managed)低聲喊出了“救命”。
44.C　根據(jù)上文“One of them grabbed my arm.The other grabbed his arm.”可知,作者在海里游泳時遇到危險,所以是他們一起把作者拉向海岸(shore)。
45.A　根據(jù)下一段中的“They 　47　 me over the board.”可知,救生員拿著救生板(board)下水。?
46.D　根據(jù)第一、第二段作者努力求救的描述,以及下文“much less walk”可知,作者太疲憊了(worn),站不起來。
47.A　根據(jù)上文“I was too 　46　 to stand, much less walk.”可知,救生員讓作者站起來,但是作者太疲憊了站不起來,所以他們把作者放到(laid)救生板上面。?
48.B　as作為連詞,意為“當(dāng)……時候”,這里指救生員把作者抬到沙灘上時。
49.C　根據(jù)上文“‘You were caught in a riptide(激流),’ the lifeguard said 　48　 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking, trying to catch my breath.”可知,是兩名年輕人把作者從海里救出來,所以此處說的是救援者(rescuers)。?
50.A　根據(jù)下文“For the first time I got a really good look at them.”可知,作者感覺好多了,因此當(dāng)救援者問作者時,作者點了點頭(nodded)。
51.B　根據(jù)下文“as if they were twins”提示可知,這兩個人看起來很像(alike)。
52.C　看到海邊發(fā)生的這一幕,人們很好奇,所以聚集(gathered)過來。
53.D　根據(jù)上文“the lifeguard said 　48　 the three of them carried me onto the sand, still shaking”可知,當(dāng)時作者躺著,因此當(dāng)人們聚集在附近時,作者感到尷尬,站起來
(got up)走回去。?
54.C　根據(jù)上文“walk back to my towel”可知,走了幾步(steps),作者又回頭找那對
雙胞胎。
55.D　回想起剛才在水中發(fā)生的一幕,很是令人恐懼同時又很感激。所以作者又回頭看了看海里的水(water)。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Built over 2,200 years ago, Dujiangyan,56.　　 　　is the world’s oldest man-made water system, lies in Sichuan Province in Southwest China.This amazing engineering 57.　　　　 (achieve) is seen as a wonder in the development of Chinese science.?
In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands 58.　　　　 (suffer) from regular floods 59.　　　　 (cause) by overflow from the Minjiang River.
60.　　　　(help) the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution.Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.61.　　　　 (good) than ever, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 62.　　　　suitable for farming.?
Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live 63.　　　　(peace).Today, Dujiangyan 64.　　　　(admire) by scientists from around the world because of one feature.Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystem and fish populations to exist 65.　　　　 harmony.?
語篇導(dǎo)讀:本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國古代水利工程都江堰的歷史、作用等。閱讀本文有利于學(xué)生了解自然、學(xué)習(xí)自然,養(yǎng)成保護自然的意識,增強學(xué)生的家國情懷。
答案及剖析:
56.which　考查非限制性定語從句。“Dujiangyan”作先行詞,指物,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語,由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which。
57.achievement　考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少主語,再根據(jù)謂語動詞“is seen”可知,此處用名詞單數(shù)作主語,所給詞achieve是動詞,其名詞是achievement。故填achievement。
58.suffered　考查一般過去時。根據(jù)時間狀語“In ancient times”可知,句子用一般過去時。故填suffered。
59.caused　考查過去分詞作后置定語。此處“floods”和“cause”之間是被動關(guān)系,是過去分詞作后置定語。故填caused。
60.To help　考查動詞不定式作目的狀語。此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填To help。
61.Better　考查比較級。根據(jù)“than”可知,此處用形容詞比較級。故填Better。
62.it　考查代詞。結(jié)合句意可知,此處用“it”指代“Chengdu Plain”。故填it。
63.peacefully　考查副詞。用副詞修飾動詞“l(fā)ive”,所給詞peace是名詞,其副詞是peacefully。故填peacefully。
64.is admired　考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。這里在描述現(xiàn)在的狀況,且句子主語是第三人稱單數(shù)“Dujiangyan”,和謂語動詞admire之間是被動關(guān)系,是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填is admired。
65.in　考查介詞。固定短語:in harmony“協(xié)調(diào)一致,和諧地”。故填in。
第四部分　寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
　　上周六,校學(xué)生會組織了一次參觀雅琳農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)園的活動。假設(shè)你是李華,請你給校英文報寫一篇報道?；顒觾?nèi)容包括:
1.觀賞花草;
2.采摘蔬果;
3.了解現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。
注意:
1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右,題目已為你寫好;
2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Students’ Visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden







　　One possible version:
Students’ Visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden
Last Saturday, some students took part in an activity organised by the school student union.They paid a visit to Yalin Agricultural Ecological Garden.
Upon arrival, they were greatly attracted by the garden.They admired various beautiful flowers, trees and plants.Then, they went into the fields to pick fruit and vegetables.They also learned a great deal of knowledge about modern agriculture from the gardeners.
This activity benefited the students a lot.It not only broadened their horizons but also raised their awareness of green life.
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
　　閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Carol was nine years old.She lived with her father David, Mother May and elder brother Rob.The little family happily lived in a beautiful village surrounded with beautiful nature.The village was at the foot of a mountain, with beautiful views of the snowy mountain.The family survived on growing seasonal plants and trees.Their life is totally surrounded by nature and beauty.
While they lived a very happy life, Carol did not love the beautiful atmosphere of the village.She really wanted to move into the city and enjoy the city life.She wanted to shop, move around the city, watch movies, and eat in fantastic restaurants and cafes, etc.
However, there was hardly any chance that Carol’s family moved to the city as they had everything in the village.
One day, Carol fell asleep during the early noon and she had a sound sleep.Of course, she had a strange dream.She saw her grandmother in her dream as a fairy and her deceased grandmother granted her a wish.Carol requested her that she should love to enjoy the city life as she always desired.
Grandmother understood the desire of Carol, but still wanted to convince her that the peaceful village life was better than the city life.
She told Carol, “Baby, you cannot have access to fresh fruit and vegetables from plants as you have at your home.You cannot breathe fresh air.You cannot play with animals.You can hardly find any trees.You will not find peace as you see here! Do you still want to go to the city?”
Without hearing the concerns, Carol asked her grandmother to grant the wish.Grandmother granted her wish, but with a condition.Carol was told that she would only have 6 hours to spend in the city.
Later, she would return to the village.Carol agreed.
　　注意:
續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。
Paragraph 1:
　　Carol then found herself in the city with her friends.?
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Paragraph 2:
　　Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up.?
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1.閱讀文章,掌握主旨方向。

2.明確寫作思路,確定續(xù)寫內(nèi)容。

3.匯集故事線索,列出寫作要點。

4.優(yōu)化語言,完善續(xù)寫邏輯。
　　Carol then found herself in the city with her friends. Carol and her friends went to watch movies.After that they ate delicious food in a restaurant and shopped in a huge mall.Carol was happy that she had the chance to experience the life in the city.Yet at the same time, she understood that everything told by her grandmother was true in the city.There was no peace and no silences; the city life was fast and rushing.The air quality was not satisfying.She could hardly find any animal or even a tree.
　　Carol’s brother Rob was calling her for lunch and Carol woke up. She recalled what happened just now in her dream and realised that her life in the village with her family was far more wonderful than the city life.Carol understood that she was having a more joyful life.She shared her dream with her family while enjoying the fresh fruit and vegetables, and they laughed together.Carol also developed a love for plants, animals and beautiful nature.