高中英語牛津譯林版 (2019)必修 第一冊Unit 1 Back to school優(yōu)秀導學案及答案

這是一份高中英語牛津譯林版 (2019)必修 第一冊Unit 1 Back to school優(yōu)秀導學案及答案，共17頁。
Sectin Ⅲ Grammar and usage








Ⅰ.單詞拼寫


根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞


1．He fund he was nw their main fcus(焦點) f attentin.


2．It is imprtant t get even these small details(細節(jié)) right.


3．The stry is based(基于) n a lt f histrical facts.


4．The cat was black except fr a patch f white n the very tip f its tail.


5．Peple like taking phts because phts are the witness f yuth and histry and can remind us f many happy scenes.


Ⅱ.拓展詞匯


根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞


1．tip n．指點，實用的提示；尖端；小費→tipper n．給小費者


2．base vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)(依據(jù)) n．根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)；基底；總部，大本營→based adj.(以某事)為基礎(chǔ)(或根據(jù))→baseless adj.無根據(jù)的


3．remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．令人回憶起某事的東西


4．detail n．細節(jié)；具體情況→ detailed adj.詳細的；細致的


Ⅲ.補全短語


根據(jù)提示補全下列短語


1．a(chǎn)s a result f 由于


2．stick t 堅持；固守；維持


3．pay attentin t 注意


4．cme true 實現(xiàn)


5．live a happy life 過幸福生活


6．(be) based n 基于，以……為基礎(chǔ)


7．give up 放棄


Ⅳ.選詞填空


選用上述短語的適當形式填空


1．Whatever happens，we'll stick t ur prmise.


2．This nvel is based n the family histry f the writer.


3．We shuld pay attentin t this frm the very beginning.


4．When did man's dream f flying int the sky cme true?


5．Thugh the girl's leg was cut ut as a result f the earthquake，she was nt disappinted.


eq \a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶])








fcus n．焦點；重點v.集中；聚焦


(教材P6)Setting gals gives yu a fcus in life.


設(shè)定目標能讓你生活中有專注對象。


(1)fcus n 集中精力做……


fcus/fix ne's attentin n sth.


把注意力集中到……


(2)the fcus f attentin 關(guān)注的焦點


①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)The cach is able t fcus n the kids while the ther parents are relieved t be ff the hk fr anther seasn.


教練能夠集中精力抓孩子們的訓練，其余的家長們也為免除了下個賽季的煩惱而感到寬慰。


②It was the main fcus f attentin at the meeting.


這是會議上關(guān)注的主要焦點。


③They fcus n keeping(keep) their sil rich and free f disease.


他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。


④They fcused all their attentin n finding a slutin t the prblem.


他們集中全部注意力尋找解決問題的辦法。


as a result f 由于；因為


(教材P6)As a result f yur actin，yur dream will cme true and hpefully，yu will live a happy life.


由于你的行動，你的夢想會成真，滿懷希望地，你會過上幸福的生活。


(1)result n． 結(jié)果


as a result 結(jié)果；因此


withut result 徒勞；毫無結(jié)果


(2)result vi. 發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生


result frm 是由……造成的


result in(＝lead t) 導致；造成


①As a result I ttally changed my shape.


因此，我已經(jīng)完全改變了我的形狀。


②The cnditins are pr; as a result，the wrkers left.＝The wrkers left as a result f the pr cnditins.


由于條件太差，工人們離開了。


③Let us hpe that peace will result frm ur talks.


讓我們期望，我們的會談會帶來和平。


④His carelessness resulted in his failure.


他的粗心導致了他的失敗。


[圖形助記] 巧記“因果”





[名師點津]


as a result是副詞短語，單獨使用，作狀語，可用逗號隔開；as a result f是介詞短語，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞以及what引導的賓語從句。


base vt.以……為基礎(chǔ)(依據(jù))


n．根據(jù)；基礎(chǔ)；基底；總部，大本營


(教材P7)Instead，yu shuld set gals based n yur abilities and skills.


相反，你應該根據(jù)你的能力和技能來設(shè)定目標。


(1)把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上


(2)at the base f以……為基點；在……的底部


(3)be based n/upn以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)


①A new Chinese televisin drama，titled In the Name f Peple，was based n the same nvel，written by Zhu Meisen.


一部新的中文電視劇，名為《人民的名義》，以周梅森所寫的同名小說為藍本。


②If yu base an imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn，yu will regret it sner r later.


如果把一個重要的決定更多地建立在情感基礎(chǔ)上，而不是以理性思考為基礎(chǔ)，你遲早會后悔的。


③They fund the plane at the base f the muntain.


他們在山腳下發(fā)現(xiàn)了飛機。


remind vt.提醒；使想起


(教材P7)This will remind yu f what yu are wrking fr and keep yu fcused.


這會提醒你為什么工作并且讓你精力集中。


remind sb.f sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事


remind sb.t d sth.提醒某人做某事


remind sb.that ...使某人想起……；提醒某人……


①I was abut t call Jack t remind him that we wuld meet at 8：00 am when he came in.


我正要給杰克打電話提醒他我們在上午8點見面，這時他進來了。


②Please remind me t write(write) t my mther tmrrw.


請?zhí)嵝盐颐魈旖o我母親寫信。


③I dn't want them t remind me f her.


我不想因它們想起她來。


[名師點津]


其他常見的由“v.＋sb.＋f sth.”構(gòu)成的短語有：infrm sb.f sth.通知某人某事；rb sb.f sth.搶劫某人某物；warn sb.f sth.警告某人某事。





Ⅰ.句子成分





構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主語和謂語，次要成分有賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語和同位語。


一、 主語


[即時訓練1] 找出下面句子的主語


①Children grw very fast.


②Nbdy knws wh tk the key.


③The first was a nvel.


④What he said is quite true.


[答案] ①Children ②Nbdy ③The first ④What he said


二、謂語


[即時訓練2] 找出下面句子的謂語


①What happened？


②The plane tk ff at 10 'clck.


③We were beaten by their team.


④Yu can d it.


[答案] ①happened ②tk ff ③were beaten ④can d


三、賓語


[即時訓練3] 找出下列句子的賓語


①He takes a cld bath every mrning.


②All f us like him.


③D yu mind my pening the windw？


④He began t learn English a year ag.


[答案] ①a cld bath ②him ③my pening the windw ④t learn English


四、補語


[即時訓練4] 找出下列句子的補語


①We made him ur mnitr.


②I dn't believe the stry true.


③The dctr advised her t stay in bed fr a week.


④Yu shuld put yur things in rder.


[答案] ①ur mnitr ②true ③t stay in bed ④in rder


五、狀語


[即時訓練5] 找出下列句子的狀語


①He knws hw t teach English prperly.


②He will leave fr Shanghai the day after tmrrw.


③He heard sme nises when he was reading.


[答案] ①prperly ②the day after tmrrw ③when he was reading


六、表語


[即時訓練6] 找出下列句子的表語


①Africa is a big cntinent.


②Our chief methd is t learn English thrugh practice.


③Their jb is teaching English.


[答案] ①a big cntinent ②t learn English thrugh practice ③teaching English


七、定語


[即時訓練7] 找出下列句子的定語


①There are few wmen wrkers in the factry.


②The il wrkers here cme frm Daqing.


③We have gt ten desks in the rm.


④Yesterday the scientist made a reprt n mdern science.


[答案] ①few wmen ②il ③ten ④n mdern science


八、同位語


[即時訓練8] 找出下列句子的同位語


①This is Miss Green，the new English teacher.


②We all wanted t see her.


③We are facing the questin whether he has knwn it.


[答案] ①the new English teacher ②all ③whether he has knwn it


Ⅱ.句子結(jié)構(gòu)





英語句子有長有短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成八種基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這八種基本結(jié)構(gòu)是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語八種基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下：


基本結(jié)構(gòu)一：主謂——主語＋謂語(SV)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)二：主系表——主語＋連系動詞＋表語(SVP)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)三：主謂賓——主語＋謂語＋賓語(SVO)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)四：主謂賓賓——主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(SVOO)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)五：主謂賓補——主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補語(SVOC)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)六：主謂狀——主語＋謂語＋狀語(SVA)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)七：主謂賓狀——主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(SVOA)


基本結(jié)構(gòu)八：存在句——引導詞there引導的句子


基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、主謂——主語＋謂語(SV)


謂語動詞是不及物動詞，后面不能跟賓語，也無被動語態(tài)。如agree，lie，wrk，argue，lie，belng，cme，g，reply等。


Tm has arrived．


He smiled．


[即時訓練1] 把下列句子譯成英語


①會議已經(jīng)開始了。


The meeting has begun.


②他離開了。


He left.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)二、主系表——主語＋連系動詞＋表語(SVP)


連系動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語的身份、特征、類屬、狀態(tài)等的表語。連系動詞除了be動詞之外，還有：


1．表示感官的動詞：feel，appear，lk，smell，taste，sund等；


2．表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的動詞：remain，stay，keep，cntinue等；


3．表示轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動詞：becme，get，turn，g，run，fall，cme，grw等。


Yur pet dg is there．


Tm became a dctr．


[即時訓練2] 把下列句子譯成英語


①這本書很有趣。


The bk is very interesting.


②他看上去是累了。


He lks tired．


基本結(jié)構(gòu)三、主謂賓——主語＋謂語＋賓語(SVO)


謂語動詞為只帶一個賓語的及物動詞，這種動詞被稱為單賓語及物動詞。


He teaches English．


I lve yu．


I dn't knw hw t learn English．


She said that she wuld study hard．


[即時訓練3] 把下列句子譯成英語


①她喜歡這些花。


She likes the flwers.


②父親買了輛汽車。


Dad bught a car.


③他們已經(jīng)離開了那家旅館。


They have left the htel.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)四、主謂賓賓——主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(SVOO)


謂語動詞為能帶一個間接賓語和一個直接賓語的及物動詞，這類動詞被稱為雙賓語及物動詞。一般地說，賓語指人為間接賓語，賓語指物為直接賓語。如果直接賓語放在及物動詞之后、間接賓語之前，那么兩個賓語之間有一個介詞(t，fr等)。


My father bught me a car．(me為間接賓語，a car 為直接賓語)


The singer sang us anther sng．(us為間接賓語，anther sng 為直接賓語)


The singer sang anther sng fr us.


The teacher ffered sme advice n learning English t us.


[即時訓練4] 把下列句子譯成英語


①他把這消息告訴了她。


He tld her the news.


②他給了我一個蘋果。


He gave me an apple.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)五、主謂賓補——主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補語(SVOC)


謂語動詞為能帶復合賓語(賓語＋賓語補語)的及物動詞，這類動詞叫作復合賓語及物動詞。賓語補語是用來描述或說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征。賓語是賓語補語的邏輯主語(暗含的主語)。


Tm made the baby laugh．


His illness left him weak．


We fund urselves in great truble．


What made yu here?


[即時訓練5] 把下列句子譯成英語


①他叫我待在家里。


He tld me t stay hme.


②這氣味使他惡心。


The smell made him sick.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)六、主謂狀——主語＋謂語＋狀語(SVA)


The meeting begins at half past nine．


The bks f this kind sell well．


Many changes tk place in my hme twn．


[即時訓練6] 把下列句子譯成英語


①他們暫住在一家旅館里。


They are staying in a htel.


②這種面包不好長期存放。


This bread wn't keep fr a lng time.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)七、主謂賓狀——主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(SVOA)


She stpped teaching English tw years ag．


I will d it tmrrw．


I like t swim this afternn．


[即時訓練7] 把下列句子譯成英語


①這列火車九點鐘駛離倫敦。


The train leaves Lndn at nine.


②他的話使我深受感動。


What he said tuched me greatly.


③我很容易地找到了這本書。


I fund the bk easily.


基本結(jié)構(gòu)八、存在句——引導詞there引導的句子


所謂存在句，就是指表示某處存在有某人或某物，其典型結(jié)構(gòu)是there be...這類表達，所以存在句在通常情況下指的就是there be句型。there be句型中的there為引導詞，無詞義；be為謂語動詞，根據(jù)情況可以有單復數(shù)的變化，也可以有不同的時態(tài)變化；there be后面的名詞為句子主語。


There is a garden at the back f the huse.


There are fewer bys than girls in my class.


There are nt enugh peple t d the jb.


[即時訓練8] 把下列句子譯成英語


①門口有個男人。


There is a man at the dr.


②房間里有幾個女孩。


There are sme girls in the rm.


③桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。


There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.





Ⅰ.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分


1．The students gt n the schl bus.


2．He handed me the newspaper.


3．I shall answer yur questin after class．


4．What a beautiful Chinese painting!


5．They went hunting tgether early in the mrning．


6．His jb is t train swimmers．


7．He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing．


8．There is ging t be an American film tnight.


9．He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.


10．His wish is t becme a scientist．


[答案] 1.主語，定語 2.間接賓語 3.謂語，狀語 4.定語 5.狀語，狀語 6.定語，表語 7.賓語，狀語 8.謂語，主語 9.謂語 10.主語，表語


Ⅱ.單句改錯 (每小題僅有1處錯誤)


1．He managed t finishing the wrk in time.finishing→finish


2．The apples were tasted sweet.were tasted→taste


3．Wuld yu please tell t me yur address？去掉t


4．It is ur duty t keep ur classrm cleanly and tidy.cleanly→clean


5．There is hundreds f peple n the waiting list.is→are


v.＋ -(e)d → adj.
v.＋ up→動詞短語
addicted adj.上癮的


bred adj.厭煩的


delighted adj.高興的，快樂的
take up 拿起；接受；開始；繼續(xù)


clean up 清出，收拾干凈


give up 放棄，戒除
語 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟
先觀察原句
后自主感悟
1.The teacher gave a speech.


2.Many students jin schl clubs.


3.We shuld develp gd study habits.


4.Listening t music makes me relaxed.


5.He is made chairman f the club.


6.Maggie plans her study carefully.


7.It's a lvely day.


8.I went t a large library yesterday.


9.They girls may g there by bus.
1.例句1中的黑體詞在句中作主語。


2.例句2中的黑體詞在句中作謂語。


3.例句3中的黑體詞在句中作賓語。


4.例句4中的黑體詞在句中作賓語補語。


5.例句5中的黑體詞在句中作主語補語。


6.例句6中的黑體詞在句中作狀語。


7.例句7中的黑體詞在句中作表語。


8.例句8中的黑體詞在句中作定語。


9.例句9中的黑體詞在句中作同位語。
主語定義
主語是一個句子所敘述的主體
主語位置
一般位于句首，但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當主語為疑問詞時)和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面
哪些詞可以作主語
名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式，動名詞，名詞化的形容詞，短語，句子


The village is very beautiful.(名詞)


Wh is speaking，please？(代詞)


Tw will be enugh.(數(shù)詞)


T translate this ideal int reality needs hard wrk.(不定式)


Skating is gd exercise.(動名詞)


The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.(名詞化的形容詞)


Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.(短語)


What has happened prves that ur plicy is right.(句子)
謂語定義
謂語說明主語發(fā)出的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)，動詞在句中作謂語
謂語位置
一般放在主語之后
謂語構(gòu)成
1.簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成


He practices running every mrning.


2.復合謂語：


(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成


Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks.


He has caught a bad cld.


(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成


We are students.
賓語定義
賓語表示動作的對象或承受者
賓語位置
一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面
哪些詞可以作賓語
名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞化的形容詞，不定式，動名詞，動名詞短語，句子


She is ding her hmewrk nw.(名詞)


I like it very much.(代詞)


Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)


They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名詞化的形容詞)


He likes t play basketball.(不定式)


I like swimming.(動名詞)


We enjy listening t the music.(動名詞短語)


He tld me that he was a teacher befre.(句子)
賓語種類
(1)雙賓語(間接賓語＋直接賓語)


Lend me yur dictinary，please.


(2)復合賓語(賓語＋賓補)


They elected him their mnitr.
賓語補語定義
對賓語作補充說明，使句子的意義完整
賓語補語位置
帶有賓語補語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞(如make等＋賓語＋賓補)
哪些詞可以作賓語補語
賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和句子充當


His father named him Dngming.(名詞)


They painted their bat white.(形容詞)


Let the fresh air in.(副詞)


Yu mustn't frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式)


We saw her entering the rm.(現(xiàn)在分詞)


I had my bike repaired yesterday.(過去分詞)


We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介詞短語)


We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(句子)
主語補語
被動語態(tài)的主語補語與主動語態(tài)的賓語補語是密切相關(guān)的。例如：


(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.


(2)He was seen playing basketball yesterday.


句(1)中的含義不是我看見他，而是我看見他正在打籃球。playing basketball是賓語him的補語。所以叫賓語補語。


句(2)中的含義也不是他被看，而是別人看見他正在打籃球。這里的playing basketball是主語he的補語，故稱作主語補語。


主語和主語補語一起稱作復合主語。所以含有主語補語的句子一般是被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞是可以接復合賓語(賓語＋賓語補語)的及物動詞。句首的主語就是主語補語的邏輯主語。
狀語定義
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語
狀語位置
句首，句中，句尾
哪些詞可以作狀語
名詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，副詞性詞組，介詞短語，不定式，分詞，句子


Wait a minute.(名詞)


I've dne it hundreds f times.(數(shù)詞)


I gt hme，tired and thirsty.(形容詞)


Light travels mst quickly.(副詞)


Generally speaking，when taken accrding t the directins，the medicine has n side effect.(副詞性詞組)


He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介詞短語)


He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短語)


They came ut f the classrm，talking and laughing.(現(xiàn)在分詞)


Mr Black came back drunk that night.(過去分詞)


Once yu begin，yu must cntinue.(句子)
表語定義
表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)
表語位置
一般位于系動詞(如be，becme，get，lk，grw，turn，seem等)之后
哪些詞可以作表語
表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及句子表示


Our teacher f English is an American.(名詞)


Is it yurs？(代詞)


The weather has turned cld.(形容詞)


The speech is exciting.(分詞)


Three times seven is twenty ne？(數(shù)詞)


His jb is t teach English.(不定式)


His hbby is playing ftball.(動名詞)


The machine must be ut f rder.(介詞短語)


Time is up.The class is ver.(副詞)


The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表語從句)
定語定義
修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語
定語位置
被修飾的詞前或后
哪些詞可以作定語



名詞，代詞，名詞或代詞所有格，數(shù)詞，形容詞(限觀形齡色國材)，分詞，動名詞，不定式，介詞短語，句子可以作定語.


Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)


China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分詞)


There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.(名詞)


Is this yur bike？(代詞)


His sn needs Tm's pen.(名詞所有格)


Tw bys need tw pens.(數(shù)詞)


Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短語)


The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(動名詞)


He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介詞短語)


The by wh is tall is my brther.(句子)
同位語定義
一個名詞(其他形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進行解釋或補充說明，這個詞(或其他形式)就是同位語
同位語位置
同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致，并常常緊挨在一起
充當同位語的詞
名詞，動名詞，不定式，形容詞，名詞短語，動名詞短語，不定式短語，介詞短語，形容詞短語，直接引語，句子


Mr wang，my child's teacher，will be visiting us n Tuesday.(名詞)


I，the ldest girl in the family，always had t care fr the ther children.(名詞短語)


He enjys the exercise，swimming，in winter.(動名詞)


Asking him t jin us，that's a gd ides.(動名詞短語)


Their aspiratin，t becme free and independent，is deserving f every kind f help frm us.(不定式)


The questin what t d next hasn't been cnsidered.(不定式短語)


As the head f the cmpany，he had t explain what had happened.(介詞短語)


He，shrt and thin，is unfit fr the jb.(形容詞)


All the cuntries，big r small，are equal.(形容詞短語)


But nw the questin cmes t their minds，“Did she die yung because she was a clne？”(直接引語)


The girl were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)
語 境 自 主 領(lǐng) 悟
先觀察原句
后自主感悟
1.The car stpped.


2.Mary seemed pleased.


3.I lve ice cream.


4.Tm gave me a present.


5.We cnsider the wrk challenging.


6.They wrk hard.


7.We like the film very much.


8.There is a sprts centre in ur schl.
1.例句1是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動詞為不及物動詞stpped。


2.例句2是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語為形容詞pleased。


3.例句3是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語為名詞ice cream。


4.例句4是主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)，間接賓語為me，直接賓語為a present。


5.例句5是主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語為the wrk，賓語補語為challenging。


6.例句6是主謂狀結(jié)構(gòu)，狀語為hard。


7.例句7是主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語為the film，狀語為very much。


8.例句8是存在句，由引導詞there引導。