譯林版（2024）八年級上冊英語 Unit8 單元語法知識點(diǎn) 講義（含練習(xí)題及答案）

這是一份譯林版（2024）八年級上冊英語 Unit8 單元語法知識點(diǎn) 講義（含練習(xí)題及答案），共9頁。
譯林版（2024）八年級上冊英語 Unit8 單元語法知識點(diǎn) 講義 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 我們可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如: I was reading at 8 p.m. last night. 昨晚八點(diǎn)我正在讀書。 What were you doing last month? 你上個(gè)月一直在做什么? 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成,否定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“was/ were + not +動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成。如: The boy was cleaning the house.那個(gè)男孩在打掃房子。 We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)侯我們沒在購物。 有些動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí),主要有: 1.表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞,如love, hate, like, know等。 2.部分連系動(dòng)詞,如seem、 appear 等。 3.感官動(dòng)詞,如see, hear, smell, sound, taste等。 4.短暫性動(dòng)詞,如decide、stop等。 拓展： 1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語： 1) then, at this/that time, at 9.00 last night …,when…, while, at ten o’clock yesterday 2) this morning, the whole day/morning, all day yesterday, from 8 to 10pm yesterday evening.…etc. 2. 動(dòng)詞ing形式的構(gòu)成： 1) 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞+ ing: think → thinking 2) 以不發(fā)音e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去- e + ing: take → taking 3) 以ie 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, -ie + y + ing: lie → lying // tie → tying // die → dying 4) 某些以“一個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 雙寫輔音字母+ ing: run → running // swim → swimming // get → getting 3. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 1) S主語 + was / were + verb-ing. 如： I was doing some shopping. People were running wildly. 2) 否定形式：S主語 + was / were + not + doing. was not = wasn’t //were not = weren’t; 如： I was not reading. People were not running wildly. 3) 一般疑問句：將 was / were 調(diào)到主語前。結(jié)構(gòu)為:Was/Were+主語+verb-ing? 肯定回答：Yes, 主語+was/were. 否定回答：No, 主語+ was not/wasn’t.// were not/weren’t. 如：Was he running? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t. Were they running? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 注意：肯定回答時(shí)主語be動(dòng)詞不能縮寫，否定回答時(shí)be動(dòng)詞和not可以用完全形式也可以用縮寫。 4) 特殊疑問句： wh-+was/ were +主語+V-ing. 特殊疑問句的問答，如： ---What was the girl doing just now? ---She was running just now. ---What were the boys doing just now? ---They were jumping just now. ---What was the bear doing just now? ---It was skiing just now. 4. 注意： 1) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞由“be的某種形式+ 動(dòng)詞ing形式” 這兩部分構(gòu)成。這時(shí)be是助動(dòng)詞，沒有實(shí)際意思，只起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的作用。如： We having breakfast at that time. (錯(cuò)） We were having breakfast at that time. (正) 2) 表示感覺，愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞，如：have（有），know, understand, love, like, want, hope, hear, see等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 3) 雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母再加ing形式的動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞須雙寫的動(dòng)詞）有： 一M一D一R加二G; 一個(gè)MM點(diǎn)頭喜歡游泳。（swimming/nodding/preferring）; 兩個(gè)GG慢跑著去挖掘; (jogging/digging) 四N五P加十一T; 四N：開始計(jì)劃跑贏了；(beginning/planning/running/winning); 五P：停止踩踏放棄拖地去購物。(stopping/stepping/dropping/mopping/shopping); 十一T：得到讓坐去聊天，遺憾的是忘記放下切割，打賭設(shè)置擊打！ (getting/letting/sitting/chatting; regretting/forgetting/putting/cutting；betting/setting/hitting) 4) 有幾個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，如：begin, start, come, go, leave, arrive, return, die等。如： Mr. Wang was leaving Donghai for Beijing at this time yesterday. = Mr. Wang would leave Donghai for Beijing at this time yesterday. 鞏固練習(xí)：按照要求完成下列練習(xí)。 ( ) 1.She________ apples in her garden when I________ to see her yesterday. A. picked，went B. was picking，went C. picked，was going D. was picking，was going ( ) 2.—Why didn’t you come and open the door for me, dear? —Oh, sorry, I ________ in the kitchen. I didn’t hear you. A. cooked B. would cook C. was cooking D. am cooking ( ) 3. _______ the Blacks ________ TV at seven yesterday? A. Did; watch B. Was, watching C. Were; watching D. Do; watch ( ) 4. As she _______ the newspaper, Granny ________ asleep. A. read , was falling B. was reading；fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell 5. My brother came into the bedroom while I __________ (dance). 6. --- I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. --- Sorry, I _____________ (swim) with my friends at that time. 7. When you ____________ (knock) at the door yesterday, I _____________ (do) some washing. 8. While my mother ________________ (watch) TV, I _______________ (make) a kite. 9. The boy was cleaning the house.(改為否定句) The boy _______ ______ _________ the house. The boy _______ ______ the house. 10. We were having breakfast at that time.(改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答) _________ you __________ breakfast at that time? _________, _________ _________. 答案： 1-4：BCCB 5.was dancing; 6.was swimming; 7.knocked, was doing; 8.was watching, was making; 9.was not cleaning；wasn’t cleaning 10.Were, having; Yes, we were. when, while和as的用法 when, while 和as 這三個(gè)詞均有“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”的意思。如: There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived.他到場時(shí)會(huì)議室已有很多人。 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看電視時(shí)她媽媽在睡覺。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我騎車上學(xué)時(shí)看見一起交通事故。 when和as既可以指某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,也可以指某一段時(shí)間,其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作既可以是瞬間性的,也可以是延續(xù)性的;while指一段時(shí)間,其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。指一段時(shí)間時(shí),when, while和as都可用；指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用when或as, 不能用while。試比較: When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (√) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (x) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (√) 當(dāng)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),又發(fā)生了另一動(dòng)作,我們常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的長動(dòng)作, 用一般過去時(shí)表示短動(dòng)作, 此時(shí)when, while, as.都可以連接主從句, 構(gòu)成“一般過去時(shí)+when/while/as +過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu), 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作成為一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的“背景”。這種情況下, 連詞when, while, as 既可位于句中,也可位于句首。如: It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner.我們在吃晚飯時(shí),開始下起大雨。(have dinner為長動(dòng)作) When/While/As we were reading, a stranger came in.當(dāng)我們正在看書時(shí),一個(gè)陌生人走了進(jìn)來。(read為長動(dòng)作) 談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的長動(dòng)作(事件、情況),常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while +過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。while也可位于句首。如: They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill.當(dāng)我們在爬山時(shí)他們在劃船。 While she was making a phone call, I was writing an email.當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí),我正在寫一封電子郵件。 強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生,常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when +一般過去時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如: I was walking in the street when he called me.他打電話給我時(shí),我正走在街上。 當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí),只能用as。此時(shí)as有“隨著…”“一邊……，一邊……”的意思。如: As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過去,中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。 The little girls sang as they played.小姑娘們一邊玩,一邊唱。 鞏固練習(xí)：用 “when/while/as”填空。1._________ you meet a word you don’t know, look it up in the dictionary. 2. The students took notes ________ they listened. 3.________ the wind rose, the noise increased. 4. She called __________ I was out. 5. We must strike ______ the iron is hot. 6.________you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 7. I was just reading a book ______ she came into my room. 8. It began to rain heavily ______ we were having dinner. 9.______I got to the museum, the door was closed. 10. I was walking in the street ______ he called me. 答案： 1.When; 2.as/when; 3.As; 4.when/as； 5.while； 6.When; 7.when； 8.while；9.When; 10.when；