專(zhuān)題8. 閱讀理解七選五（練）（原卷版+解析版）

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（模擬精練+真題演練）
根據(jù)文章選擇正確的選項(xiàng)
（2023年江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)高三模擬考試試卷）
The Upside t Being Outside
Research shws that being in nature makes peple feel gd, whether they’re rughing it in the wilderness fr days r just hanging ut at a lcal park fr a while. One study was cnducted in the city f Birmingham, Alabama. Researchers fund that mst participants’ md and well-being imprved significantly when they spent time in urban parks, even thugh the average visit was nly arund half an hur.
1 Fr example, scientists in the United Kingdm studied the impact f the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged peple t interact with nature fr 30 days by enjying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flwers. Participants were measurably happier and healthier thrughut the challenge…and fr mnths afterwards, t. 2
Hw des nature bst peple’s happiness? Scientists say that spending time in natural settings reduces stress and anxiety, which benefits mental and physical health. Research shws ur brains are mre relaxed in natural settings.
T mst peple, it’s nt news that nature can be calming. But multiple studies have fund that spending time in nature als has sme mre surprising benefits, like imprving creativity and prblem-slving. 3 Anther fund that expsure t nature helped peple scre better n tests. That’s mre prf that ging utside is a smart mve!
What accunts fr the cnnectin with cgnitin and creativity? It culd be that a gd dse f nature acts as a cure t infrmatin verlad. Everyday life invlves a lt f multitasking. Sme scientists therize that spending time in nature enables ur brains t rest and recver frm mental tiredness. 4
Naturally, scientific studies dn’t cver everything that’s great abut the great utdrs. 5 Frm recreatin and exercise t happiness and creativity, there are lts f upsides t getting utside.
A．One study revealed that peple were better at figuring ut puzzles after a fur-day camping trip.
B．Accrding t many scientific studies, there’s a gd chance it’ll make yu happier, healthier, and mre creative.
C．What’s mre, the lift peple get frm nature is lng lasting.
D．Lts f peple enjy fun activities utside, like swimming, riding bikes, r climbing trees.
E．When the nly light yu’ve seen all day is the glw f a screen, it might be a gd idea t switch it ff.
F．This means that whether yu’re studying r playing vide games, heading utside t give yur brain a break might help yu get t the next level.
G．S, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating yur mind t a restful mini vacatin.
【答案】1．C 2．G 3．A 4．F 5．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是戶(hù)外活動(dòng)的好處。
1．根據(jù)空后的Fr example可知，空后內(nèi)容是對(duì)該空的舉例說(shuō)明，所以該空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空處所在段落的尾句“Participants were measurably happier and healthier thrughut the challenge…and fr mnths afterwards, t. (在整個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)過(guò)程中，參與者都更快樂(lè)、更健康……之后的幾個(gè)月也是如此。)”可知，該段講述的是在戶(hù)外活動(dòng)給參與者帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)會(huì)持續(xù)很久，C選項(xiàng)“What’s mre, the lift peple get frm nature is lng lasting. (更重要的是，人們從大自然中獲得的提升是持久的。)”表述的內(nèi)容與舉例說(shuō)明中的內(nèi)容一致，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．根據(jù)空前“Fr example, scientists in the United Kingdm studied the impact f the “30 Days Wild” campaign. It challenged peple t interact with nature fr 30 days by enjying earthy activities like feeding birds and planting flwers.Participants were measurably happier and healthier thrughut the challenge…and fr mnths afterwards, t. (例如，英國(guó)科學(xué)家研究了“野外30天”運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。它要求人們?cè)?0天內(nèi)與大自然互動(dòng)，享受像喂鳥(niǎo)和種花這樣的樸實(shí)活動(dòng)。參與者在整個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)過(guò)程中以及之后的幾個(gè)月里都明顯更快樂(lè)、更健康。在整個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)過(guò)程中，參與者都更快樂(lè)、更健康……之后的幾個(gè)月也是如此。)”可知，該段講述的是在戶(hù)外活動(dòng)給參與者帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，G選項(xiàng)“S, kicking back in a park is a bit like treating yur mind t a restful mini vacatin. (所以，在公園里放松一下有點(diǎn)像給你的大腦放個(gè)小長(zhǎng)假。)”，是對(duì)前面的總結(jié)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。
3．根據(jù)空前“But multiple studies have fund that spending time in nature als has sme mre surprising benefits, like imprving creativity and prblem-slving.(但多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，花時(shí)間在大自然中也有一些更令人驚訝的好處，比如提高創(chuàng)造力和解決問(wèn)題的能力。)”中的multiple studies以及空后句子“Anther fund that expsure t nature helped peple scre better n tests.(另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸大自然有助于人們?cè)诳荚囍腥〉酶玫某煽?jī)。)”中的anther可知，該空格應(yīng)該是關(guān)于在戶(hù)外好處的相關(guān)研究，A選項(xiàng)“One study revealed that peple were better at figuring ut puzzles after a fur-day camping trip.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們?cè)跒槠谒奶斓穆稜I(yíng)旅行后更善于找出謎題。)”講述的為一項(xiàng)關(guān)于戶(hù)外好處的研究，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．根據(jù)空格處于尾句可知，該空應(yīng)為本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)空前“Sme scientists therize that spending time in nature enables ur brains t rest and recver frm mental tiredness. (一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，花時(shí)間在大自然中可以讓我們的大腦休息并從精神疲勞中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。)”可知，戶(hù)外會(huì)讓大腦得到休息，從精神疲勞中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“This means that whether yu’re studying r playing vide games, heading utside t give yur brain a break might help yu get t the next level. (這意味著無(wú)論你是在學(xué)習(xí)還是玩電子游戲，到外面去讓你的大腦休息一下可能會(huì)幫助你達(dá)到一個(gè)新的水平。)”中的this means是對(duì)空前內(nèi)容的解釋?zhuān)Y(jié)合句意可知，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容吻合。故選F項(xiàng)。
5．根據(jù)空后“Frm recreatin and exercise t happiness and creativity, there are lts f upsides t getting utside. (從娛樂(lè)和鍛煉到快樂(lè)和創(chuàng)造力，戶(hù)外活動(dòng)有很多好處。)”的recreatin(娛樂(lè))相關(guān)的戶(hù)外活動(dòng)為全文首次出現(xiàn)可以推斷，此空處應(yīng)提到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)“Lts f peple enjy fun activities utside, like swimming, riding bikes, r climbing trees. (很多人在外面享受有趣的活動(dòng)，如游泳、騎自行車(chē)或爬樹(shù)。)”中的fun activity以及其后的舉例內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容一致。故選D項(xiàng)。
2.（廣東省揭陽(yáng)市普寧市2023年高三聯(lián)考試題）
Recycling is gd fr ur planet, but it can be cnfusing. Can I recycle plastic bags? What abut pizza cartns? Tthpaste tubes? Which bin shuld I use? There are s many questins, and mre than half f Americans are unsure abut hw t recycle. 6 Here’s a handy fur-step guide n hw t recycle effectively:
Knw what t put in the recycling bin. Keep it simple and fcus n the mst cmmnly recycled items, such as paper, glass, aluminum and plastic. 7 Dn’t use the recycled symbl as a guide. “The number n the cntainer is really fr peple t identify the type f resin (樹(shù)脂). That’s nt helpful fr the cmmn cnsumer,” said Cdy Marshall, a strategist at nnprfit Recycling Partnership.
8 It is really imprtant t knw what yu cannt put in yur bin. Yu can always check with yur city r at BeRecycled.rg. If yu live in the US, just plug in yur pstcde t search. Recycling cmpanies struggle with the same prblem items: hses (軟管), crds, needles and clthing, accrding t Marshall, s dn’t put thse items in yur bin.
Wash r clean items. D a quick clean t make sure there is n fd left in cntainers befre yu put them in the bin. 9 Save fd fr cmpsting (堆肥) in yur garden.
Dn’t bag it. Unless yu live in a place that requires it, like New Yrk City, keep the recyclables lst in the bin. “A lt f the time, it’s nt safe fr ur emplyees t tear thse bags pen, r it takes t much time,” said Keller. “ 10 ”
A．Knw what is nt recyclable.
B．The answers are nt hard t find.
C．A lt f bagged stuff ges right t the landfill.
D．Plastic bags can be used again r returned t grcery stres.
E．If yu really dn’t knw if an item is recyclable, then just thrw it in the garbage.
F．This is really imprtant if yu nly use ne bin because fd items culd ruin paper.
G．Hard plastics like water and sft drink bttles r anything like these can be recycled.
【答案】6．B 7．G 8．A 9．F 10．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了有效回收的4個(gè)步驟：知道要把什么放進(jìn)回收箱；知道什么是不可回收的；扔垃圾之前清理出食物殘留；不要把垃圾裝袋。
6．前文“There are s many questins, and mre than half f Americans are unsure abut hw t recycle.(有這么多的問(wèn)題，超過(guò)一半的美國(guó)人不確定如何回收)”提及了回收時(shí)有太多問(wèn)題令人困擾，后文“Here’s a handy fur-step guide n hw t recycle effectively(以下是有效回收垃圾的四步指南)”則說(shuō)到有效回收的4個(gè)步驟。由此推知，設(shè)空句作為中間過(guò)渡句，應(yīng)是與前文在句意邏輯上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，且引出后文內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)“The answers are nt hard t find.(答案不難找到)”的“The answers”對(duì)應(yīng)前文“questins”，句意上與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，且可引出后文內(nèi)容，用在文中可承前啟后，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
7．根據(jù)主題句“Knw what t put in the recycling bin.(知道該把什么放在回收箱里)”可知，該段主要講述可回收物品，G項(xiàng)“Hard plastics like water and sft drink bttles r anything like these can be recycled.(硬塑料，如水瓶和軟飲料瓶或類(lèi)似的任何東西，都可以回收)”介紹的是可回收的物品，貼合該段主題，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。
8．設(shè)空句為該段主題句。根據(jù)后文“It is really imprtant t knw what yu cannt put in yur bin.(知道哪些東西不能放進(jìn)垃圾桶是很重要的)”可知，本段介紹的是不可回收的物品。選項(xiàng)A“Knw what is nt recyclable.(知道什么是不可回收的)”可作該段主題句。故選A項(xiàng)。
9．前文“D a quick clean t make sure there is n fd left in cntainers befre yu put them in the bin.(在你把容器放進(jìn)垃圾桶之前，快速清理一下，確保容器里沒(méi)有食物殘留)”提及要將食物殘留清理出來(lái)，那么，設(shè)空句應(yīng)解釋這樣做的原因。選項(xiàng)F“This is really imprtant if yu nly use ne bin because fd items culd ruin paper.(如果你只用一個(gè)垃圾桶，這一點(diǎn)非常重要，因?yàn)槭澄飼?huì)破壞紙張)”解釋了原因，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。
10．前文“A lt f the time, it’s nt safe fr ur emplyees t tear thse bags pen, r it takes t much time(很多時(shí)候，我們的員工撕開(kāi)這些袋子是不安全的，或者需要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間)”提及袋裝垃圾有危害性或浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。由此推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)講述為了安全或不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，袋裝垃圾的去處。選項(xiàng)C“A lt f bagged stuff ges right t the landfill.(很多袋裝的東西直接被扔進(jìn)了垃圾填埋場(chǎng))”講到了袋裝垃圾不會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)人工處理，直接被扔進(jìn)了填埋場(chǎng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
3.（2023年湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)試題）
Have yu ever heard smene say, “breakfast is the mst imprtant meal f the day”, r give yu advice abut why it’s vital t start the day with a healthy breakfast. 11 Is it really that imprtant? In a sense, it really matters.
Energy restratin
The wrd “breakfast” cmes frm “breaking the fast” — the idea f ending the perid in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneratin prcess that takes place while we sleep cnsumes sme f ur natural fd reserves t heal ur bdies. 12 S, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
Weight management
There are als many ften-quted studies which seem t link a state f besity with skipping breakfast. 13 In a US study, 50,000 peple were mnitred ver seven years, and thse wh ate a healthy breakfast were fund t have a lwer BMI, which seems t suggest that breakfast may indeed help peple maintain a healthy weight.
Better brain functin
14 Breakfast is als assciated with imprved brain functin, including cncentratin and language. A review f 54 studies fund that eating breakfast can imprve memry, thugh the effects n ther brain functins were incnclusive. Hwever, ne f the researchers says there is reasnable evidence that breakfast des imprve cncentratin.
What’s mst imprtant is what we eat fr breakfast. High-prtein breakfasts have been fund particularly effective in reducing fd cravings and cnsumptin later in the day. Hwever, studies fund that there is n agreement n what type f breakfast is healthier. 15
A．Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stres.
B．This feast is necessarily gives us a new start.
C．Weight-lss is likely t cause them health prblems.
D．Breakfast has been fund t affect mre than just weight.
E．Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lse weight.
F．Many peple are recmmended t manage their weight by skipping meals.
G．Breakfast types dn’t matter as much as simply eating smething.
【答案】11．B 12．A 13．E 14．D 15．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了早餐的作用。
11．上文“Have yu ever heard smene say, “breakfast is the mst imprtant meal f the day”, r give yu advice abut why it’s vital t start the day with a healthy breakfast. (你是否聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)，“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”，或者給你建議為什么以健康的早餐開(kāi)始新的一天是至關(guān)重要的。)”提出有人說(shuō)早餐的重要性，B項(xiàng)“This feast is necessarily gives us a new start.(這場(chǎng)“盛宴”必然給了我們一個(gè)新的開(kāi)始。)”承接上文，繼續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)早餐的作用，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．上文“The regeneratin prcess that takes place while we sleep cnsumes sme f ur natural fd reserves t heal ur bdies.(在我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)進(jìn)行的再生過(guò)程會(huì)消耗一些我們的天然食物儲(chǔ)備來(lái)治愈我們的身體。)”提出晚上睡覺(jué)會(huì)消耗身體中的食物儲(chǔ)備，A項(xiàng)“Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stres.(早餐幫助我們補(bǔ)充耗盡的儲(chǔ)備。)”承接上文，說(shuō)明早餐可以補(bǔ)充消耗的儲(chǔ)備，照應(yīng)主題“Energy restratin”。故選A項(xiàng)。
13．上文“There are als many ften-quted studies which seem t link a state f besity with skipping breakfast.(還有許多經(jīng)常被引用的研究似乎將肥胖狀態(tài)與不吃早餐聯(lián)系起來(lái)。)”提出關(guān)于肥胖與早餐的研究，E項(xiàng)“Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lse weight.(因此，表明健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥。)”給出研究的結(jié)論：健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥。上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。
14．第三段中介紹了健康的早餐可以調(diào)節(jié)體重和減肥，設(shè)空句下文“Breakfast is als assciated with imprved brain functin, including cncentratin and language.(早餐還能改善大腦功能，包括注意力和語(yǔ)言能力。)”提出新的功能：改善大腦功能。D項(xiàng)“Breakfast has been fund t affect mre than just weight.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，早餐影響的不僅僅是體重。)”承上啟下，句中“mre than just weight”照應(yīng)第三段內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。
15．上文“Hwever, studies fund that there is n agreement n what type f breakfast is healthier.(然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于哪種類(lèi)型的早餐更健康，人們并沒(méi)有一致的看法。)”提出對(duì)于早餐類(lèi)型沒(méi)有確定的說(shuō)法，G項(xiàng)“Breakfast types dn’t matter as much as simply eating smething.(早餐的種類(lèi)并不重要，重要的是吃點(diǎn)東西。)”承接上文，說(shuō)明早餐類(lèi)型并不重要，但是一定要吃早餐，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。
4.（2023年湖南省長(zhǎng)沙一中高三試題）
In the face f wildlife lss and habitat destructin, it’s easy t feel pwerless t imprve. But any actin yu take, n matter hw small, will help restre the wrld t its natural balance. Here are 4 things yu can d t help wildlife.
Think twice befre landscaping.
16 But unless yu’re cnfrnting a genuine safety issue, remember that what’s unpleasant t yu is sweet hme t squirrels, birds, wrms and ther animals that yu might nt even knw are there. If yu must landscape yur yard, d s in a way that wn’t drive away native wildlife.
Keep yur cats indrs.
It’s irnic that many peple wh claim t lve wildlife have n prblem allwing their cats t ram freely utside. Cats are animals, t. 17 Outdr cats, hwever, dn’t think twice abut killing wild birds. In case yu’re thinking abut “warning” the birds by attaching a bell t yur cat’s cllar, dn’t bther: Birds have an inbrn tendency t flee lud, startling nises, nt jingling pieces f metal.
Dn’t feed any animals but birds.
That deer that wanders int yur backyard might lk hungry and helpless. 18 Giving fd t animals accustms them t human cntact, but nt all human beings are as warmhearted as yu are. Feeding wild birds, n the ther hand. is OK as lng as yu dn’t have utdr cats and yu prvide a meal in keeping with the bird’s natural diet. 19
Clean up litter (nt nly yur wn).
If yu’re cncerned abut prtecting wildlife, yu knw better than t litter. But it’s nt enugh t keep yur wn yard r picnic area clean. Yu shuld g the extra mile and pick up cans and bttles left by ther peple. 20
A．Chse nuts and seeds rather than prcessed bread.
B．It seems cruel t keep them shut up inside the huse.
C．Hwever, if yu feed it, yu wn’t be ding it any favrs.
D．Mst peple dn’t want wild animals t destry their rses.
E．Smal animals can easily get trapped in r injured by this litter.
F．If yu have the space, establishing a “mini meadw (草地)” as a brder r bundary area is anther effective way t attract birds, as well as beneficial insects.
G．If yu have just purchased a huse r a piece f land, yu might be tempted t chp (砍) dwn unsightly trees.
【答案】16．G 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了為了幫助野生動(dòng)物，你可以做到的四件事。
【詳解】16. 此句是第二段的段首句，其作用應(yīng)該是引出本段小標(biāo)題要表達(dá)的意思。結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Think twice befre landscaping.(在改造之前要三思。)”與最后一句“If yu must landscape yur yard, d s in a way that wn’t drive away native wildlife.(如果你必須改造你的院子，以不會(huì)趕走本地野生動(dòng)物的方式來(lái)做。)”可知，本段是建議大家在改造住所（landscape v.）時(shí)，要考慮到對(duì)周?chē)吧鷦?dòng)植物的影響，由下文“But unless yu’re cnfrnting a genuine safety issue, remember that what’s unpleasant t yu is sweet hme t squirrels, birds, wrms and ther animals that yu might nt even knw are there. (但是，除非你面對(duì)的是真正的安全問(wèn)題，否則請(qǐng)記住，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)不愉快的東西卻是松鼠、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、蠕蟲(chóng)和其他你可能不知道存在的動(dòng)物的甜蜜家園。)”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G選項(xiàng)“如果你剛買(mǎi)了房子或者一塊地，你可能會(huì)忍不住去砍倒那些難看的樹(shù)木。”符合，其中的“chp dwn unsightly trees”就是landscape的具體做法，故選G。
17. 后一句“Outdr cats, hwever, dn’t think twice abut killing wild birds.(然而，在家門(mén)以外的貓對(duì)于捕殺鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)毫不仁慈)”指出把貓放出去它們會(huì)吃野生動(dòng)物，由hwever可知，前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)B“把它們關(guān)在屋子里似乎很殘忍。”符合，雖然把貓關(guān)在屋子似乎很殘忍，但是如果放出來(lái)，它們會(huì)吃掉野生動(dòng)物，且選項(xiàng)中keep them shut up inside the huse呼應(yīng)本段標(biāo)題“Keep yur cats indrs.(把你的貓關(guān)在屋里。)”，故選B。
18. 根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Dn’t feed any animals but birds.(除了鳥(niǎo)，不要喂任何動(dòng)物。)”可知要保護(hù)動(dòng)物，我們就要克制住給野生動(dòng)物喂食的想法，結(jié)合前一句“That deer that wanders int yur backyard might lk hungry and helpless. (跑到你家后院來(lái)的野生鹿看起來(lái)很餓很無(wú)助)”可知，跑到你家后院來(lái)的野生鹿看起來(lái)很餓很無(wú)助，但是也不應(yīng)該喂它們，C項(xiàng)“ 但是，如果你喂它，你就不會(huì)對(duì)它有任何好處?！狈?，呼應(yīng)本段主題，故選C。
19. 此處前一句說(shuō)“Feeding wild birds, n the ther hand is OK as lng as yu dn’t have utdr cats and yu prvide a meal in keeping with the bird’s natural diet. (另一方面，喂養(yǎng)野生鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)是可以的，只要你在戶(hù)外沒(méi)有貓，你提供一餐符合鳥(niǎo)的自然飲食就是可以打。)”給野生鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)喂養(yǎng)與它們食譜中一致的食物是可以的，那就意味著盡量給它們喂食純天然未經(jīng)加工的東西，A項(xiàng)“ 選擇堅(jiān)果和種子而不是加工過(guò)的面包?！狈希蔬xA。
20. 此段的小標(biāo)題“Clean up litter (nt nly yur wn).(清理垃圾（不僅僅是你自己的）。)”告訴我們，要保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物，我們要做的不僅是隨時(shí)清理自己產(chǎn)生的垃圾，上文“Yu shuld g the extra mile and pick up cans and bttles left by ther peple. (你應(yīng)該多走一段路，撿起別人留下的易拉罐和瓶子。)”指出我們要撿起別人留下的易拉罐和瓶子，空處承接上文，指出這么做的原因，即能保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，E項(xiàng)“小動(dòng)物很容易被這些垃圾困住或受傷。”符合，故選E。
5.（2023年浙江省麗水市三校聯(lián)考試題）
Garden lights are extremely imprtant. 21 We have prepared the ultimate guide that aims t prvide yu with all the infrmatin that yu culd pssibly need. S, what are yu waiting fr? Let’s get started.
The first thing that yu need t d is t use LED lights that are knwn fr their lw heat emissin. It wuld als help reduce the attractin t flies r insects. 22 Hence, yu need t g fr a lwer heat emissins ptin. The lights are gd fr the envirnment and help yu save energy csts.
Next, yu have t install light shields (保護(hù)罩) fr creating a physical barrier between the utdr elements and lights. By getting light shields, yu get t increase the prtectin f yur expensive utdr lights. 23 Dn’t frget t take the accurate measurement f the lights when shpping fr light shields.
When it cmes t using garden lights, lcatin is everything. 24 Yu need t place the garden lights in a lcatin where the utdr lighting cmpnents wuld be prtected frm the elements. They shuld prvide sufficient lighting and last a lng time at the same time.
Finally, yu als have t maintain the garden lights system fr ensuring that it cntinues t be prperly cntrlled. Regardless f which type f garden lights yu get, yu have t ensure that they are well maintained and serviced frm time t time. 25 Yu have n excuse nt t get them serviced.
A．It is nt smething that shuld be taken lightly.
B．Unexpected elements will cause damage t the lights.
C．It can be frustrating t see them taking ver the lighting.
D．Place them in the crrect psitin t wrk and last a lng time.
E．They can make yur garden area safer and mre beautiful in n time.
F．Yu shuld seek help frm a lighting prfessinal fr the best utcme.
G．They als help ensure the lights d nt shine t bright in just ne spt.
【答案】21．E 22．C 23．G 24．D 25．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章提供了使用庭院照明方面的建議。
21．前文“Garden lights are extremely imprtant.（庭院燈是非常重要的。）”說(shuō)明庭院燈的重要性，E項(xiàng)“They can make yur garden area safer and mre beautiful in n time.（它們可以立刻讓你的庭院更安全、更美麗。）”符合語(yǔ)境，解釋了重要的原因，承接前文。雖然A項(xiàng)“It is nt smething that shuld be taken lightly.（它不是可以掉以輕心的東西。）”語(yǔ)義上可以承接前文，但是其中的“It”無(wú)法指代前文的“Garden lights”，因此不合語(yǔ)境。故選E。
22．前文“It wuld als help reduce the attractin t flies r insects.（這也有助于減少對(duì)蒼蠅或昆蟲(chóng)的吸引力。）”提到用LED等可以減少蒼蠅或昆蟲(chóng)，C項(xiàng)“It can be frustrating t see them taking ver the lighting.（看到它們借用照明是令人沮喪的。）”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明燈下有蒼蠅或昆蟲(chóng)的壞處，承接前文，其中的“them”指代前文的“flies r insects”。故選C。
23．前文“By getting light shields, yu get t increase the prtectin f yur expensive utdr lights.（通過(guò)獲得遮光罩，你可以增加對(duì)昂貴的戶(hù)外燈的保護(hù)。）”指出用遮光罩的好處，G項(xiàng)“They als help ensure the lights d nt shine t bright in just ne spt.（它們還有助于確保燈光不會(huì)在一個(gè)地方太亮。）”符合語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)一步指出用遮光罩的好處，承接前文，其中的“They”指代前文的“l(fā)ight shields”。故選G。
24．前文“When it cmes t using garden lights, lcatin is everything.（使用庭院燈時(shí)，位置就是一切。）”指出位置的重要性，D項(xiàng)“Place them in the crrect psitin t wrk and last a lng time.（放置在正確的位置才能工作，延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。）”符合語(yǔ)境，解釋位置重要的原因，承接前文，其中的“them”指代前文的“garden lights”。故選D。
25．后文“Yu have n excuse nt t get them serviced.（你沒(méi)有理由不去保養(yǎng)它們。）”指出有理由保養(yǎng)庭院燈，B項(xiàng)“Unexpected elements will cause damage t the lights.（意想不到的因素會(huì)損壞燈。）”符合語(yǔ)境，指出庭院燈可能會(huì)損壞，自然引出后文的保養(yǎng)，后文的“them”指代其中的“the lights”。故選B。
6.（河南省部分名校2023年高三聯(lián)合檢測(cè)）
Yu may dislike yur jb, but due t financial burdens r lack f ther jb ffers, yu’re frced t stay where yu are. 26
Identify exactly what it is that’s causing the aversin (厭惡).Is it the mean bss? Is it the verly cmpetitive c-wrkers? Is there a new and added respnsibility that yu cannt handle r are nt equipped t d well? Make a prs and cns (優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)) list f yur current jb related t wrk envirnments, c-wrkers, management and s n. 27 It will als help yu identify what yu dn’t want in yur next jb if yu decide t begin a jb search.
Make an effrt t develp cnnectin. 28 Create meaning in yur wrk by finding ways t feel cnnected if it feels meaningless. Cnnecting with thers can help yu feel mre purpseful in yur wrk. Create pprtunities t cnnect with c-wrkers s that yur emplyment becmes mre than just a surce f incme.
Fcus n the psitive. 29 If yu’re unsure what t d when yu dislike yur jb, fcus n what yu appreciate abut it and mentally blck ut the unfavrable aspects. Yu may dislike yur current jb, but remaining with it may be the best ptin if it’s simply a stepping stne t yur prfessinal bjectives a few years dwn the rad.
30 Hwever much yu dislike yur jb, just think f the millins f unemplyed peple wh are desperate t find wrk. While yur jb may be far frm perfect, it’s still a jb. It pays yu a wage and ffers yu a chance t cntribute t sciety.
A．Be grateful fr having a jb.
B．This will help yu srt ut a prblem.
C．Reduce yur stress levels utside f wrk.
D．Remember hw t carry ut yur duties well.
E．Are yu having truble finding purpse in yur wrk?
F．Yu dn’t really dislike everything abut yur jb right nw, d yu?
G．There’re ways t help yu determine hw t enjy wrk when yu dislike it.
【答案】26．G 27．B 28．E 29．F 30．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在不得已的情況下盡可能地享受你不喜歡的工作的方法。
26．根據(jù)前句“Yu may dislike yur jb, but due t financial burdens r lack f ther jb ffers, yu’re frced t stay where yu are. (你可能不喜歡你的工作，但由于經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)或缺乏其他工作機(jī)會(huì)，你被迫留在原地)”談到被迫待在不喜歡的工作崗位這一情況，下文則介紹了享受不喜歡的工作的方法。所以設(shè)空處承上啟下，提出有一些方法可以幫助你享受這份你不喜歡的工作。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“There’re ways t help yu determine hw t enjy wrk when yu dislike it.( 當(dāng)你不喜歡工作時(shí)，有一些方法可以幫助你決定如何享受工作)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G。
27．根據(jù)前句“Make a prs and cns (優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)) list f yur current jb related t wrk envirnments, c-wrkers, management and s n.( 把你目前的工作與工作環(huán)境、同事、管理等相關(guān)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)列出來(lái))”談到要列出當(dāng)前工作的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，而后句“It will als help yu identify what yu dn’t want in yur next jb if yu decide t begin a jb search.( 如果你決定開(kāi)始找工作，它還可以幫助你確定下一份工作中你不想要的東西)”則列舉說(shuō)明這樣做的好處，且B項(xiàng)中的This will help 與空后的It will als help相對(duì)應(yīng)。所以選擇項(xiàng)B“This will help yu srt ut a prblem. (這將幫助你解決問(wèn)題)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B。
28．根據(jù)本段段首句“Make an effrt t develp cnnectin.(努力建立聯(lián)系)”以及空后的“Create meaning in yur wrk by finding ways t feel cnnected if it feels meaningless. (在你的工作中創(chuàng)造意義，如果它感覺(jué)沒(méi)有意義，通過(guò)尋找方法讓你感到聯(lián)系)”可知，本段旨在說(shuō)明如何通過(guò)建立聯(lián)系創(chuàng)造工作的意義，且E項(xiàng)中的finding purpse與空后的Create meaning相對(duì)應(yīng)。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Are yu having truble finding purpse in yur wrk?(你在工作中找不到目標(biāo)嗎?)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選E。
29．根據(jù)本段段首句“Fcus n the psitive.(關(guān)注積極的一面)”以及下文“If yu’re unsure what t d when yu dislike yur jb, fcus n what yu appreciate abut it and mentally blck ut the unfavrable aspects.(當(dāng)你不喜歡你的工作時(shí)，如果你不確定該怎么做，那就把注意力集中在你喜歡它的地方，把不喜歡的方面排除在外)”可知，本段主要介紹要關(guān)注工作中好的一面。F項(xiàng)與本段內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，承接下文。所以選擇項(xiàng)F“Yu dn’t really dislike everything abut yur jb right nw, d yu? ( 你現(xiàn)在并不是真的不喜歡你工作的一切，對(duì)吧?)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F。
30．結(jié)合下文“Hwever much yu dislike yur jb, just think f the millins f unemplyed peple wh are desperate t find wrk. While yur jb may be far frm perfect, it’s still a jb. It pays yu a wage and ffers yu a chance t cntribute t sciety(不管你多么不喜歡你的工作，想想數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的失業(yè)者，他們迫切地想找到工作。雖然你的工作可能遠(yuǎn)非完美，但它仍然是一份工作。它給你工資，給你一個(gè)為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，本段主要講述了要感恩擁有一份工作。所以選擇項(xiàng)A“Be grateful fr having a jb. (感謝你有一份工作)”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選A。
7.（2023年湖北省華中師范大學(xué)附中適應(yīng)性試題）
Phtgraphy fr me has always been a key. It pens up drs, gives me an excuse t travel with mre purpse, and lets me see behind the scenes. 31 —“Better get back t taking phts. Nice t chat!”
What is my advice t beginners? I didn’t study phtgraphy; I’m nt frmally trained; 32 But that’s nt what phtgraphy is abut fr me. If yu want t be a phtgrapher, be cnstantly asking yurself the questin: “What is the stry here?” It desn’t matter if yu are shting a dish at yur favrite restaurant r the fd waste prcessing plant that deals with wat’s left ver— 33 What des that mean? If I’m phtgraphing a dinner party fr Scial Supply, it’s imprtant t capture nt just the plate f fd, but t step back and capture the scene arund it. If I’m taking phts f a mushrm harvest in Yunnan, I make sure t find an angle that shws just hw much they’ve harvested, but als a few clse-ups f the weathered hands that are carefully srting.
34 I’ve taken hundreds f thusands f phts this year alne. The mre yu sht the better yu will be. S, start shting—anything and everything, but specially yur fiends’ businesses and prjects.
D I have a gd camera? Yes, but sme peple still think that the phts I pst frm my phne were taken n that camera, s dn’t cnfuse a gd device with being a gd phtgrapher. 35 s start there, and start tday.
A．Let the stry guide yu.
B．I have virtually n art experience.
C．Like anything, phtgraphy requires practice.
D．Phtgraphy becmes an incredible drive t explre.
E．Sme f my favrite phtgraphers just use their phne.
F．It als helps t slip ut f awkward small talk at parties.
G．I feel deeply cnnected with whatever is captured thrugh my camera lens.
【答案】31．F 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。作者結(jié)合自身經(jīng)歷給出了一些攝影的建議。
31．上文“Phtgraphy fr me has always been a key. It pens up drs, gives me an excuse t travel with mre purpse, and lets me see behind the scenes.(攝影對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)一直是個(gè)關(guān)鍵。它為我打開(kāi)了一扇門(mén)，給了我一個(gè)更有目的旅行的借口，讓我看到了幕后。)”提到了攝影對(duì)作者的重要性；下文““Better get back t taking phts. Nice t chat!”(“還是聊回拍照吧。這很好聊!”)”轉(zhuǎn)而提到“回到拍照的話題”，為過(guò)渡句，下文第二段開(kāi)始提出學(xué)習(xí)攝影的建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是承接上文的話題，與攝影的好處相關(guān)。F項(xiàng)“It als helps t slip ut f awkward small talk at parties.(這也有助于在聚會(huì)上避免尷尬的閑聊。)”中的it指代上文的Phtgraphy，als helps也與上文對(duì)應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)。
32．上文“I didn’t study phtgraphy; I’m nt frmally trained;(我沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)攝影；我沒(méi)有受過(guò)正規(guī)訓(xùn)練；)”提到了作者既沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)攝影，也沒(méi)有受過(guò)正規(guī)訓(xùn)練；下文“But that’s nt what phtgraphy is abut fr me.(但這不是攝影對(duì)我的意義。)”轉(zhuǎn)而提到上文提到的那些都不是攝影對(duì)作者的意義。結(jié)合設(shè)空處前面的分號(hào)可知，設(shè)空處與上文兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成排比句式。B項(xiàng)“I have virtually n art experience.(我?guī)缀鯖](méi)有美術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”與上文對(duì)應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
33．上文“If yu want t be a phtgrapher, be cnstantly asking yurself the questin: “What is the stry here?” It desn’t matter if yu are shting a dish at yur favrite restaurant r the fd waste prcessing plant that deals with wat’s left ver(如果你想成為一名攝影師，就要不斷地問(wèn)自己這個(gè)問(wèn)題：“這里的故事是什么？”無(wú)論你是在你最喜歡的餐館拍攝一道菜，還是在處理剩飯剩菜的食物垃圾處理廠)”提到了如果相當(dāng)一名攝影師，就要不斷問(wèn)自己“這里的故事是什么？”；下文“What des that mean? If I’m phtgraphing a dinner party fr Scial Supply, it’s imprtant t capture nt just the plate f fd, but t step back and capture the scene arund it.(這是什么意思？如果我正在為Scial Supply拍攝晚宴，重要的是不僅要捕捉一盤(pán)食物，還要退后一步，捕捉周?chē)膱?chǎng)景。)”通過(guò)舉例子進(jìn)一步解釋了問(wèn)“這里的故事是什么？”的含義。A項(xiàng)“Let the stry guide yu.(讓故事引導(dǎo)你。)”與上文的“What is the stry here?”對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。
34．設(shè)空處位于段首，為段落主旨句；下文“I’ve taken hundreds f thusands f phts this year alne. The mre yu sht the better yu will be. S, start shting—anything and everything, but specially yur fiends’ businesses and prjects.(僅今年一年，我就拍了數(shù)十萬(wàn)張照片。你拍得越多，你就會(huì)越好。所以，開(kāi)始拍攝吧，什么都可以，尤其是你朋友的生意和項(xiàng)目。)”提到了拍得越多，就會(huì)越好，說(shuō)明攝影是需要練習(xí)的。C項(xiàng)“Like anything, phtgraphy requires practice.(像任何事情一樣，攝影需要練習(xí)。)”最能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。
35．上文“D I have a gd camera? Yes, but sme peple still think that the phts I pst frm my phne were taken n that camera, s dn’t cnfuse a gd device with being a gd phtgrapher.(我有好的相機(jī)嗎？是的，但有些人仍然認(rèn)為我從手機(jī)上發(fā)布的照片是用那臺(tái)相機(jī)拍攝的，所以不要把一個(gè)好設(shè)備和一個(gè)好攝影師混為一談。)”提到了不要把好設(shè)備和好攝影師混為一談，由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與攝影設(shè)備和攝影師有關(guān)。E項(xiàng)“Sme f my favrite phtgraphers just use their phne.(我最喜歡的一些攝影師只用他們的手機(jī)拍。)”與上下文對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
8.（2023年吉林省吉林大學(xué)附中高三試題）
When a heavy strm hit, residents f the flating cmmunity f Schnschip in Amsterdam had little dubt abut whether they culd ride it ut. They tied up their wn stuff, and checked in with neighbrs t ensure everyne had enugh fd and water. 36 , rising alng with the water and ging back t its riginal psitin after the rain stpped.
A flating huse can be cnstructed n any shreline and is able t deal with rising seas by remaining n the tp f the water’s surface. 37 , flating hmes are fixed t the shre and are usually cnnected t the lcal sewer (污水管道) system and pwer grid. They are structurally similar t huses built n land.
38 . Siti Belen, the Schnschip resident, says that when she first mved in, strmy weather made her think twice. “Yu feel it in yur stmach,” she says, adding that she has gtten used t the feeling. Flating hmes als require extra infrastructure and wrk t cnnect t the electricity grid and sewer system.
39 . “If there are flds, it’s expected that many peple will mve t higher grund. But the alternative is t stay clse t castal cities and explre expansin nt the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. “ 40 . That’s unavidable merely half a century away. We need t start nw t increase the scale f flating develpments.”
A．They then barded their flating huses
B．But the benefits may utweigh the csts
C．Since flating huses are n the increase
D．We feel safer in a strm because we are flating
E．Unlike husebat which can easily be mved and relcated
F．Hundreds f millins f peple will be displaced by sea level rise
G．Severe wind and rain, r even the passing ships, can rck the buildings
【答案】36．A 37．E 38．G 39．B 40．F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了對(duì)抗暴風(fēng)雨的新方法——漂浮房屋。
36．下文“rising alng with the water and ging back t its riginal psitin after the rain stpped. (隨著水的上升，雨停后又回到原來(lái)的位置。)”，及第二段開(kāi)頭“A flating huse can be cnstructed n any shreline and is able t deal with rising seas by remaining n the tp f the water’s surface. (浮動(dòng)房屋可以在任何海岸線上建造，并且能夠通過(guò)留在水面頂部來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)海平面上升。)”可知，在暴雨來(lái)臨時(shí)人們就登上了浮動(dòng)房屋，雨停后就會(huì)回到原來(lái)的位置。A項(xiàng)“They then barded their flating huses (然后他們登上了他們的浮動(dòng)房屋)”與上下文一致。故選A。
37．根據(jù)下文“flating hmes are fixed t the shre and are usually cnnected t the lcal sewer (污水管道) system and pwer grid.(漂浮房屋固定在岸邊，通常連接到當(dāng)?shù)氐南滤老到y(tǒng)和電網(wǎng)。)”和“They are structurally similar t huses built n land. (它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上類(lèi)似于在陸地上建造的房屋。)可知，此處講述漂浮房屋的建立，下文用陸地房屋與漂浮房屋進(jìn)行比較，E項(xiàng)“Unlike husebat which can easily be mved and relcated (不像可以很容易地移動(dòng)和重新安置的的游艇)”符合語(yǔ)境，說(shuō)明了漂浮房屋與游艇不一樣，需要固定在岸邊，不移動(dòng)和重新安置。故選E。
38．根據(jù)下文“Siti Belen, the Schnschip resident, says that when she first mved in, strmy weather made her think twice. “Yu feel it in yur stmach,” she says, adding that she has gtten used t the feeling. (Schnschip居民Siti Belen說(shuō)，當(dāng)她第一次搬進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，暴風(fēng)雨的天氣讓她三思?！澳愀惺艿侥愕奈冈诜v，”她說(shuō)，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這種感覺(jué)。)”可知，居民Siti Belen對(duì)于暴風(fēng)雨天氣起初很緊張，后來(lái)逐漸習(xí)慣，因此推斷空處應(yīng)是講述暴風(fēng)雨中的情況，G項(xiàng)“Severe wind and rain, r even the passing ships, can rck the buildings (狂風(fēng)暴雨，甚至是過(guò)往的船只，都會(huì)撼動(dòng)建筑物)”符合上下文，故選G。
39．根據(jù)上文“Flating hmes als require extra infrastructure and wrk t cnnect t the electricity grid and sewer system. (漂浮房屋還需要額外的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和工作來(lái)連接到電網(wǎng)和下水道系統(tǒng)。)可知，浮動(dòng)房屋的建造需要額外基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建立和額外的工作，因此需要資金投入，結(jié)合下文““If there are flds, it’s expected that many peple will mve t higher grund. But the alternative is t stay clse t castal cities and explre expansin nt the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. (“如果發(fā)生洪水，預(yù)計(jì)許多人將搬到更高的地方。但一種選擇是留在沿海的城市，探索向水上擴(kuò)張”Rutger de Graaf說(shuō)。)”可知，如果發(fā)生洪水，人們會(huì)搬到高處，但是也可以選擇探索向水上擴(kuò)張，因此推斷雖然浮動(dòng)房屋的建造會(huì)需要大量開(kāi)支，但是如果發(fā)生洪水，浮動(dòng)房屋的會(huì)有益處，因此推斷帶來(lái)的收益可能大于開(kāi)支，B項(xiàng)“But the benefits may utweigh the csts(浮動(dòng)房屋的收益可能大于開(kāi)支)”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選B。
40．根據(jù)下文“That’s unavidable merely half a century away. We need t start nw t increase the scale f flating develpments. (這在半個(gè)世紀(jì)之后是不可避免的。我們需要從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，擴(kuò)大浮動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)的規(guī)模。)”可知，that指代上文提到的事情，空處應(yīng)是講述不可避免的事情，承接上文浮動(dòng)房屋是為了應(yīng)對(duì)洪水爆發(fā)，海平面上升，因此推斷不可避免的事情是指發(fā)生洪水，海平面上升，人們會(huì)流離失所，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Hundreds f millins f peple will be displaced by sea level rise(數(shù)億人將因海平面上升而流離失所)”符合語(yǔ)境，下文倡導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在就需要開(kāi)始漂浮房屋的研發(fā)。故選F。
9.（2023年山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三6月試題）
The pwer f psitive thinking
Is yur glass f milk half-full r half-empty? 41 D they fcus n the psitives (a half-full glass) r the negatives (a half-empty ne)? Thinking psitively, with a belief that mst things will turn ut well, is called ptimism — and it’s knwn t bst yur well-being. The gd news is that everybdy can learn t think mre psitively.
42
Research shws that peple wh are ptimistic and think psitively tend t experience less stress and cpe well when faced with life’s challenges. Peple wh are mre pessimistic (expect that the wrst will happen) may find it hard t believe that these challenges will pass.
Wrrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybdy can wrry frm time t time. Wrrying can help t keep yu safe — if yu were never wrried and were verly psitive abut hw things wuld turn ut, yu wuldn’t recgnize risks. “ 43 It’s like a fire alarm,” says child psychtherapist Rachel Melville-Thmas. “The truble is that smetimes it ges ff when there isn’t a huge danger t face.” When this happens, yu can feel anxius and hpeless abut what lies ahead.
Learn t think psitively.
Optimism is shaped by yur genes which carry characteristics inherited frm yur parents and by what happens t yu. 44 Research has shwn that it can help t draw r write an utcme that’s psitive-fr example, an image f yu playing guitar, having passed yur next grade. 45
A．Yur genes will in turn help btain it.
B．This questin makes yu lst in thught.
C．Why is thinking psitively gd fr yu?
D．Imagining this can mtivate yu t wrk t achieve it.
E．Wrrying is ur brain warning us f smething threatening.
F．Hwever, whatever yur starting pint is, everyne can learn it.
G．This saying is ften used t test peple’s utlk in a situatin.
【答案】41．G 42．C 43．E 44．F 45．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了積極的思考帶來(lái)的好處，以及怎么樣學(xué)會(huì)積極的思考。
41．根據(jù)前文“Is yur glass f milk half-full r half-empty?(你的牛奶是半滿(mǎn)的還是半空的?)”以及后文“D they fcus n the psitives (a half-full glass) r the negatives (a half-empty ne)?(他們關(guān)注的是積極的一面(半滿(mǎn)的杯子)還是消極的一面(半空的杯子)?)”可知，空處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的解釋?zhuān)熬涫亲鍪裁从玫?，所以G項(xiàng)“This saying is ften used t test peple’s utlk in a situatin.(這句話經(jīng)常被用來(lái)測(cè)試人們?cè)谀撤N情況下的看法)”符合文意，其中This saying指代前文那句話。故選G項(xiàng)。
42．分析設(shè)空，可知是本段的小標(biāo)題，是對(duì)本段的概括，根據(jù)下文“Research shws that peple wh are ptimistic and think psitively tend t experience less stress and cpe well when faced with life’s challenges. Peple wh are mre pessimistic (expect that the wrst will happen) may find it hard t believe that these challenges will pass.(研究表明，樂(lè)觀和積極思考的人在面對(duì)生活挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)往往會(huì)經(jīng)歷更少的壓力，并能很好地應(yīng)對(duì)。更悲觀的人(認(rèn)為最壞的事情會(huì)發(fā)生)可能很難相信這些挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)過(guò)去)”可知，本段主要講述了，樂(lè)觀和積極思考的好處，所以C項(xiàng)“Why is thinking psitively gd fr yu?(為什么積極思考對(duì)你有好處?)”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。
43．根據(jù)前文“Everybdy can wrry frm time t time. Wrrying can help t keep yu safe—if yu were never wrried and were verly psitive abut hw things wuld turn ut, yu wuldn’t recgnize risks.(每個(gè)人都會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)?dān)心。擔(dān)心可以幫助你保持安全——如果你從不擔(dān)心，對(duì)事情的結(jié)果過(guò)于樂(lè)觀，你就不會(huì)意識(shí)到風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可知，本段主要講述了擔(dān)心的好處，在根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Wrrying is like a fire alarm.(憂(yōu)慮就像火警)”，可知E項(xiàng)“Wrrying is ur brain warning us f smething threatening.(擔(dān)心是我們的大腦警告我們有危險(xiǎn)。)”符合本段主題，其中Wrrying為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E項(xiàng)。
44．根據(jù)前文“Optimism is shaped by yur genes, which carry characteristics inherited frm yur parents, and by what happens t yu.(樂(lè)觀是由你的基因塑造的，它帶有從你父母那里遺傳來(lái)的特征，也由你身上發(fā)生的事情決定)”以及后文“Research has shwn that it can help t draw r write an utcme that’s psitive —fr example, an image f yu playing guitar, having passed yur next grade. (研究表明，畫(huà)或?qū)懸粋€(gè)積極的結(jié)果會(huì)有所幫助——例如，你彈吉他的畫(huà)面，已經(jīng)通過(guò)了下一個(gè)等級(jí))”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Hwever, whatever yur starting pint is, everyne can learn it.(然而，無(wú)論你的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是什么，每個(gè)人都可以學(xué)習(xí)它)”和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。
45．分析設(shè)空，謂語(yǔ)段尾，應(yīng)是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，所以根據(jù)前文“Research has shwn that it can help t draw r write an utcme that’s psitive-fr example, an image f yu playing guitar, having passed yur next grade.(研究表明，畫(huà)或?qū)懸粋€(gè)積極的結(jié)果是有幫助的——比如，你彈吉他的畫(huà)面，通過(guò)了下一個(gè)等級(jí))”可知，前文講述想象積極的結(jié)果是有幫助的，所以D項(xiàng)“Imagining this can mtivate yu t wrk t achieve it.(想象這個(gè)可以激勵(lì)你致力于去實(shí)現(xiàn)它)”符合文意，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選D項(xiàng)。
10.（2023屆山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三二模英語(yǔ)試題）
I’ve been living in Spain fr decades and I securely guarantee that I have a talent in figuring ut the cl hidden lcal spts. As a freigner, I culdn’t care less abut ding the turisty things r enjying fancy cuisine. 46 S I always attempt t find smething that’s appealing and fun yet represents the lcal culture, and that ffers an interactin with the lcals.
My reputatin fr ding this has grwn. 47 Since I am smewhat fluent in Spanish, I culd charge peple fr this and becme smewhat f an fficial tur guide. I chse nt t thugh, because t me, the mst imprtant thing is making sure the turist, wh already spent a lt f time and mney getting t where I am, has the fun and cultural experience they culd pssibly have. 48 In that case, turists can explre the lcal culture further at the lwest cst. They culd therwise spend a significant sum f mney n a guided tur that keeps them cmfrtable but separated frm the culture. I chse t give them an experience that’s deeper and pens their mind, all fr free.
49 When smene is visiting yur area, dn’t just take them t the turisty spts. Shw them the places that mean smething t yu. Shw them yur heart thrugh the places that yu shw them and the experience yu give them. There’s smething gd in almst every twn ut there. If yu dn’t have any spts in yur area that yu like, learn t find the gd in the place yu live. If yu find the gd in where yu live, yu will als find the gd in yurself. It’s a time that bth yu and the turist will prbably never btain again. 50
A．Everyne can d the same.
B．I culd hardly have imagined it wuld happen.
C．It culd als help me create a lifelng cnnectin with them.
D．What’s mst crucial is experiencing the genuine cuntry and culture.
E．I knw better than turists themselves what they are eager t experience.
F．Dn’t rush the experience, thrughly enjy every mment with that persn.
G．I’m being asked frequently t ffer peple turs, bth t friends and strangers.
【答案】46．D 47．G 48．C 49．A 50．F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述的是作者作為一位生活在西班牙的外國(guó)人，建議人們帶游客體驗(yàn)一下當(dāng)?shù)匾恍┪说摹⒂腥び帜艽懋?dāng)?shù)匚幕牡胤健?br>46．根據(jù)空后“S I always attempt t find smething that’s appealing and fun yet represents the lcal culture, and that ffers an interactin with the lcals.(所以我總是試圖找到一些既吸引人又有趣的東西，同時(shí)又能代表當(dāng)?shù)匚幕⑻峁┡c當(dāng)?shù)厝嘶?dòng)的機(jī)會(huì))”中的s可知，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)“What’s mst crucial is experiencing the genuine cuntry and culture.(最重要的是體驗(yàn)真正的國(guó)家和文化)”中的experiencing the genuine cuntry and culture與空后內(nèi)容相關(guān)，都與體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕嚓P(guān)，且與空后內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
47．根據(jù)空后的“Since I am smewhat fluent in Spanish, I culd charge peple fr this and becme smewhat f an fficial tur guide.(因?yàn)槲业奈靼嘌勒Z(yǔ)說(shuō)得比較流利，所以我可以向人們收取費(fèi)用，這樣我就可以成為一名正式導(dǎo)游)”可知，此處講述的是作者因西班牙語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很流利而成為正式的導(dǎo)游，G選項(xiàng)“I’m being asked frequently t ffer peple turs, bth t friends and strangers.(我經(jīng)常被要求提供人們提供旅游，既有朋友也有陌生人)”講述的內(nèi)容與作者作導(dǎo)游相關(guān)。故選G項(xiàng)。
48．根據(jù)空前的“I chse nt t thugh, because t me, the mst imprtant thing is making sure the turist, wh already spent a lt f time and mney getting t where I am, has the fun and cultural experience they culd pssibly have.(但我選擇不這么做，因?yàn)閷?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是確保那些已經(jīng)花了很多時(shí)間和金錢(qián)來(lái)到我所在的地方的游客，能盡可能地享受到樂(lè)趣和文化體驗(yàn))”可知，作者認(rèn)為最重要的是確保游客體驗(yàn)到該有的樂(lè)趣和文化體驗(yàn)，結(jié)合空后“In that case, turists can explre the lcal culture further at the lwest cst.(在這種情況下,游客們可以以最低的成本進(jìn)一步研究當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?”可知，那樣的話，游客就能以最低的價(jià)格體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕善渲械膇n that case可推斷，此空處是使游客能以最低的價(jià)格體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕姆绞?，C選項(xiàng)“It culd als help me create a lifelng cnnectin with them.(它還可以幫我與他們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)終身關(guān)系)”中的them與空前的they指代一致，且與空后的in that case指代內(nèi)容相關(guān)。故先C項(xiàng)。
49．分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此空處為本段的主題，根據(jù)空后的“When smene is visiting yur area, dn’t just take them t the turisty spts. Shw them the places that mean smething t yu. Shw them yur heart thrugh the places that yu shw them and the experience yu give them.(當(dāng)有人來(lái)你的地區(qū)旅游時(shí)，不要只帶他們?nèi)ヂ糜尉包c(diǎn)。帶他們?nèi)ツ切?duì)你有意義的地方。通過(guò)你帶他們?nèi)サ牡胤胶湍憬o他們的經(jīng)歷，向他們展示你的心)”可知，本段講述的是有人去你所在的地區(qū)，不要帶他們?nèi)ゾ包c(diǎn)，你可以帶他們?nèi)ツ阌X(jué)得有意義的地方，結(jié)合上一段中講述的作者帶他游客去他所在地區(qū)體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕芍?，該段講述的與上文作者的做法一樣，A選項(xiàng)“Everyne can d the same.(每個(gè)人都可以做同樣的事情)”概括了本段的內(nèi)容，且起到了承上啟下的作用。故選A項(xiàng)。
50．根據(jù)空前的“It’s a time that bth yu and the turist will prbably never btain again.(這是一個(gè)你和游客可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再獲得的時(shí)刻)”可知，此處講述的是這是與游客很可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)獲得的時(shí)間，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Dn’t rush the experience, thrughly enjy every mment with that persn.(不要匆忙的體驗(yàn)，徹底享受和那人在一起的每一刻)”中的“enjy every mment with that persn.”與空前的內(nèi)容吻合，其中的that persn與空前的the turist指代一致。故選F項(xiàng)。
11.（2023年安徽省安慶市一中三模英語(yǔ)試題）
If yu have ever had truble persuading yurself t d things yu shuld d r wuld like t d, yu have experienced prcrastinatin. If yu are a typical prcrastinatr, perhaps yu spend an excessive amunt f time watching TV, playing vide games checking Facebk eating (even when yu’re nt hungry), bsessively cleaning r pacing back and frth thrugh the ffice. 51 Once again, yu end up ding nthing. Sund familiar?
Lazy peple dn’t d anything and are just fine with it. 52 . They truly want t fulfil their bligatins but just can’t figure ut hw.
53 . Relaxing recharges yu with energy. In cntrast, prcrastinating drains it frm yu. The less energy yu have, the greater the chances f yu putting ff yur respnsibilities, and, nce mre, yu will accmplish nthing.
The studies n prcrastinatin ever cnducted indicates that failure f the ability t listen t urselves is mst likely the main reasn why we put things ff. The scientific name f this ability is self-regulatin. Self-regulatin is the ability t cnsciusly cntrl yur emtins. 54 Thanks t this, yu will prcrastinate less. Current research indicates that willpwer can be cmpared t a muscle. It is pssible t strengthen it thrugh training.
T vercme prcrastinatin, yu need t start by setting the bar as lw as pssible. Creating habits isn’t abut quantity; it’s abut small steps and regular repetitin. By making gradual increases nce yu learn a new habit, yu can strengthen yur willpwer muscle. As yu slwly raise the bar, yur willpwer will gain strength. 55 .
A．Dn’t cnfuse prcrastinatin with relaxatin, either.
B．The mre pwerful it is the easier it will be fr yu t make a breakthrugh.
C．Afterwards, yu feel pwerless and are vercme with feelings f guilt and frustratin.
D．If yu train willpwer t perfrm ne activity, yu can use its strength t d ther things as well.
E．Prcrastinatrs, hwever, have the desire t actually d smething but can’t frce themselves t start.
F．Learning hw t develp gd habits and kick bad nes can be achieved by taking small steps.
G．The mre develped this ability is, the mre ften yu will d what yu tell yurself t d and the better yu will resist temptatin.
【答案】51．C 52．E 53．A 54．G 55．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了拖延癥的癥狀，和產(chǎn)生原因是和自我調(diào)節(jié)能力有關(guān)，以及解決辦法。
51．根據(jù)前文“If yu are a typical prcrastinatr, perhaps yu spend an excessive amunt f time watching TV, playing vide games checking Facebk eating (even when yu’re nt hungry), bsessively cleaning r pacing back and frth thrugh the ffice.(如果你是一個(gè)典型的拖延癥患者，也許你花了太多的時(shí)間看電視、玩電子游戲、上Facebk、吃東西(即使你不餓)、強(qiáng)迫性地打掃衛(wèi)生或在辦公室里來(lái)回踱步)”可知，空處應(yīng)是這么做的后果，所以C項(xiàng)“Afterwards, yu feel pwerless and are vercme with feelings f guilt and frustratin.(之后，你感到無(wú)能為力，并被內(nèi)疚和挫敗感所征服)”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。
52．根據(jù)前文“Lazy peple dn’t d anything and are just fine with it.(懶惰的人什么都不做，而且覺(jué)得很好)”以及后文“They truly want t fulfil their bligatins but just can’t figure ut hw.(他們真的很想履行自己的義務(wù)，只是不知道該怎么做)”可知，空處應(yīng)是過(guò)渡句，由講述懶惰的人到有拖延癥的人，并指出二者的區(qū)別，所以E項(xiàng)“Prcrastinatrs, hwever, have the desire t actually d smething but can’t frce themselves t start.(然而，拖延者有真正想做某事的愿望，但不能強(qiáng)迫自己開(kāi)始)”符合文意。故先E項(xiàng)。
53．分析設(shè)空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Relaxing recharges yu with energy. In cntrast, prcrastinating drains it frm yu. The less energy yu have, the greater the chances f yu putting ff yur respnsibilities, and, nce mre, yu will accmplish nthing.(放松能讓你重新充滿(mǎn)能量。相反，拖延癥會(huì)耗盡你的精力。你的精力越少，你就越有可能拖延你的責(zé)任，然后，再一次，你將一事無(wú)成)”可知，本段是講放松和拖延癥的區(qū)別，所以A項(xiàng)“Dn’t cnfuse prcrastinatin with relaxatin, either.(也不要把拖延和放松混為一談)”符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。
54．根據(jù)前文“The studies n prcrastinatin ever cnducted indicates that failure f the ability t listen t urselves is mst likely the main reasn why we put things ff. The scientific name f this ability is self-regulatin. Self-regulatin is the ability t cnsciusly cntrl yur emtins.(關(guān)于拖延癥的研究表明，無(wú)法傾聽(tīng)自己的能力很可能是我們做事拖延的主要原因。這種能力的學(xué)名是自我調(diào)節(jié)。自我調(diào)節(jié)是有意識(shí)地控制自己情緒的能力)”可知，本段是在講述自我調(diào)節(jié)能力差是我們做事拖延的主要原因，所以G項(xiàng)“The mre develped this ability is, the mre ften yu will d what yu tell yurself t d and the better yu will resist temptatin.(這種能力越強(qiáng)，你就會(huì)越經(jīng)常地去做你告訴自己要做的事情，你就能更好地抵制誘惑)”是對(duì)自我調(diào)節(jié)能力的進(jìn)一步描述，符合本段主題。故選G項(xiàng)。
55．分析設(shè)空，空處位于段尾，是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“T vercme prcrastinatin, yu need t start by setting the bar as lw as pssible. Creating habits isn’t abut quantity; it’s abut small steps and regular repetitin. By making gradual increases nce yu learn a new habit, yu can strengthen yur willpwer muscle. As yu slwly raise the bar, yur willpwer will gain strength.(為了克服拖延癥，你需要從設(shè)定盡可能低的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開(kāi)始。養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣與數(shù)量無(wú)關(guān)；這是關(guān)于小步驟和定期重復(fù)。一旦你學(xué)會(huì)了一個(gè)新習(xí)慣，通過(guò)逐漸增加，你可以增強(qiáng)你的意志力。當(dāng)你慢慢提高桿時(shí)，你的意志力就會(huì)增強(qiáng))”可知，B項(xiàng)“The mre pwerful it is the easier it will be fr yu t make a breakthrugh.(它越強(qiáng)大，你就越容易取得突破)”符合文意，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，it代指前文的意志力。故選B項(xiàng)。
12.（2023屆安徽省皖江聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考試卷）
Every day, a sea f decisins stretches befre us. It’s impssible t make a perfect chice every time. But there is ne particularly effective technique t imprve ur chances: critical thinking.
Prepare yur questin.
56 Fr example, if yu’re wndering whether t g fr fitness, there are many factrs that will clud yur reasns. But, if yu knw clearly what yu can get by bdy-shaping, that’ll help yu decide whether it really suits yur needs.
Gather yur infrmatin.
There’s lts f it ut there, s having a clear idea f yur questin will help yu determine what’s relevant. If yu’re trying t decide n a diet t imprve yur nutritin, yu may ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins. 57
Cnsider the implicatins.
Imagine yu’ve chsen a business based n his prmise t make t cheaper fr drivers t fill upn gas. At first glance, that seems great. 58 If gasline use is less restricted by cst, this culd als cause a huge surge in air pllutin—an unintended cnsequence that’s imprtant t think abut.
59
Ask yurself why s many peple are drawn t cuntless travel trips r destinatins. Even if yu disagree with everything that travel agencies say, explring the viewpints might explain why sme rutes that dn’t seem valid t yu appeal t thers. This will a lw yu t explre alternatives, evaluate yur wn chices, and ultimately help yu make mre infrmed decisins.
This abve prcess is just ne tl, and it certainly wn’t remve difficult decisins frm ur lives. 60 And, if enugh f us use it, it has the pwer t make the wrld a mre reasnable place.
A．Explre ther pints f view.
B．Apply the infrmatin cllected.
C．In ther wrds, get t knw what yu’re lking fr.
D．Then what abut the lng-term envirnmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number f psitive chices we make.
F．Therefre, ask yurself abut what interests yu mst and what is needed.
G．It helps yu weigh different ptins, mving yu clser t a wiser decisin.
【答案】56．C 57．G 58．D 59．A 60．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要講述了人們面臨著無(wú)數(shù)的抉擇，具備了批判性思維，可以提高我們做出完美抉擇的機(jī)會(huì)。
56．上文小標(biāo)題“Prepare yur questin(準(zhǔn)備你的問(wèn)題)”可知是要準(zhǔn)備問(wèn)題?？仗幬挥诰涫?，結(jié)合下文“But, if yu knw clearly what yu can get by bdy-shaping, that’ll help yu decide whether it really suits yur needs.(但是，如果你清楚地知道你可以通過(guò)塑身得到什么，這將有助于你決定它是否真的適合你的需要。)”可知，通過(guò)提出的問(wèn)題來(lái)確定塑身是否真的適合自身需求。C選項(xiàng)“In ther wrds, get t knw what yu’re lking fr.(換句話說(shuō)，知道你所追求的東西。)”與下文承接，用問(wèn)題判斷是否是自己想要的，故選C項(xiàng)。
57．上文“If yu’re trying t decide n a diet t imprve yur nutritin, yu may ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins.(如果你正試圖決定飲食來(lái)改善你的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，你可以向?qū)＜艺髑笏麄兊慕ㄗh，或者尋求其他人的意見(jiàn)。)”可知，要收集建議。G項(xiàng)“It helps yu weigh different ptins, mving yu clser t a wiser decisin. (它幫助你衡量不同的選擇，讓你更明智地做出決定。)”中it指代上文中的“ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins”，故選G項(xiàng)。
58．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題以及文中舉出的司機(jī)加油便宜的例子，結(jié)合下文“If gasline use is less restricted by cst, this culd als cause a huge surge in air pllutin—an unintended cnsequence that’s imprtant t think abut.(如果汽油的使用不那么受成本的限制，這也可能導(dǎo)致空氣污染的急劇增加——這是一個(gè)值得考慮的意想不到的后果。)”可知，這與D項(xiàng)“Then what abut the lng-term envirnmental effects?(那么長(zhǎng)期的環(huán)境影響又如何呢？)” 中的envirnmental effects相一致，故選D項(xiàng)。
59．該題是標(biāo)題選擇。結(jié)合下文“Even if yu disagree with everything that travel agencies say, explring the viewpints might explain why sme rutes that dn’t seem valid t yu appeal t thers.(即使你不同意旅行社所說(shuō)的一切，探索這些觀點(diǎn)也可能解釋為什么一些對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)似乎無(wú)效的路線會(huì)吸引其他人。)”可知，要去探索他人的觀點(diǎn)。這與選項(xiàng)A項(xiàng)“Explre ther pints f view (探索他人的觀點(diǎn))”相一致，故選A項(xiàng)。
60．結(jié)合上文“This abve prcess is just ne tl, and it certainly wn’t remve difficult decisins frm ur lives.(上述過(guò)程只是一個(gè)工具，它肯定不會(huì)從我們的生活中消除困難的決定。)”可知，這些方法并不能消除我們生活中的困難，E項(xiàng)“But it can help us increase the number f psitive chices we make.(但它可以幫助我們?cè)黾幼龀龇e極選擇的次數(shù)。)”與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，又承接下文，故選E項(xiàng)。
13.（2023年浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三聯(lián)考）
As much as 80 percent f premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle chices. 61 But thers may nt have crssed yur mind. “A small change in yur everyday rutine can ptentially have a big impact in the lng run,” says preventive cardilgist Dr. Beth Abramsn.
●Get eight hurs f sleep.
“When yu're nt rested, everything that happens in yur life is a lt mre stressful,” says Dr. Arya Sharma, a prfessr f medicine at the University f Alberta. If we're sleep deprived, ur bdies als have mre difficulty cntrlling bld pressure, inflammatin and glucse levels. 62
● 63
Ding gd fr thers helps yur self-esteem and relieves stress. Research published in Psychsmatic Medicine in 2016 shwed that a feeling f purpse in life is linked t a lwer likelihd f heart attack and strke. “We knw that lneliness is a risk factr fr heart health,” adds Sharma. “Vlunteering gets yu ut f the huse and creates a scial netwrk.”
●Avid plluted air.
Expsure t this kind f pllutin ver time raises yur risk f heart disease. Inhaling cntaminants frmed frm chemicals like Sulphur (硫) dixide, carbn and nitrgen xides may irritate arteries (動(dòng)脈) and increase inflammatin. 64 Try t get yur utdr exercise far away frm highways and industrial districts, and spend mre time indrs when the air quality index is pr.
●Eat breakfast.
A recent study in the Jurnal f the American Cllege f Cardilgy fund that healthy peple wh skipped breakfast were almst three times mre likely t have heart disease six years later than thse wh partk in a substantial mrning meal. Accrding t Abramsn, yu need t eat a balanced diet as part f a healthy lifestyle. 65 If yu're eating a prper breakfast, yu’re less likely t be hungry later and make pr fd chices.
A．Be scial and utging.
B．Engage in vluntary wrk.
C．There are physilgical effects f this cnditin n the bdy.
D．These factrs can all have an impact n cardivascular (心血管的) health.
E．Chse whle-grain, lw-fat breakfast fds and include fruit.
F．Sme strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well knwn.
G．Even shrt perids f expsure are unhealthy fr peple with ther health risks.
【答案】61．F 62．D 63．B 64．G 65．E
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何預(yù)防心臟病提出了一些建議。
61．根據(jù)上文“As much as 80 percent f premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle chices. (多達(dá)80%的早發(fā)心臟病是可以通過(guò)選擇特定的生活方式來(lái)預(yù)防的)”可知，本句主要是在特定生活方式進(jìn)行舉例：鍛煉和控制體重，故F選項(xiàng)“有些策略，如鍛煉和控制體重，是眾所周知的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。
62．根據(jù)上文““When yu're nt rested, everything that happens in yur life is a lt mre stressful,” says Dr. Arya Sharma, a prfessr f medicine at the University f Alberta. If we're sleep deprived, ur bdies als have mre difficulty cntrlling bld pressure, inflammatin and glucse levels. (阿爾伯塔大學(xué)(University f Alberta)醫(yī)學(xué)教授Arya Sharma博士說(shuō)：“當(dāng)你沒(méi)有休息好時(shí)，生活中發(fā)生的每件事都會(huì)給你帶來(lái)更多壓力?！比绻覀兯卟蛔悖覀兊纳眢w也會(huì)更難控制血壓、炎癥和血糖水平)”可知，上文提到了血壓、炎癥和血糖水平，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)說(shuō)明這些因素對(duì)心血管的影響。故D選項(xiàng)“這些因素都會(huì)影響心血管健康”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。
63．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ding gd fr thers helps yur self-esteem and relieves stress. Research published in Psychsmatic Medicine in 2016 shwed that a feeling f purpse in life is linked t a lwer likelihd f heart attack and strke. “We knw that lneliness is a risk factr fr heart health,” adds Sharma. “Vlunteering gets yu ut f the huse and creates a scial netwrk.” (為別人做好事有助于你的自尊和緩解壓力。2016年發(fā)表在《身心醫(yī)學(xué)》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，生活中的目標(biāo)感與心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的可能性較低有關(guān)。“我們知道孤獨(dú)是心臟健康的一個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，”夏爾馬補(bǔ)充說(shuō)?！爸驹富顒?dòng)可以讓你走出家門(mén)，建立一個(gè)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)?！?”可知，本段的主旨是從事志愿活動(dòng)，可以有助于你的自尊和緩解壓力。故B選項(xiàng)“從事志愿工作”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。
64．根據(jù)上文“Expsure t this kind f pllutin ver time raises yur risk f heart disease. Inhaling cntaminants frmed frm chemicals like Sulphur (硫) dixide, carbn and nitrgen xides may irritate arteries (動(dòng)脈) and increase inflammatin. (長(zhǎng)期暴露在這種污染中會(huì)增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。吸入由二氧化硫、碳和氮氧化物等化學(xué)物質(zhì)形成的污染物可能會(huì)刺激動(dòng)脈并增加炎癥)”以及后文“Try t get yur utdr exercise far away frm highways and industrial districts, and spend mre time indrs when the air quality index is pr. (盡量遠(yuǎn)離高速公路和工業(yè)區(qū)進(jìn)行戶(hù)外鍛煉，在空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)較差的時(shí)候多呆在室內(nèi))”可知，上文提到了污染對(duì)身體的危害，本句進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：即使是短時(shí)間的接觸對(duì)有其他健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō)也是不健康的。故G選項(xiàng)“即使是短時(shí)間的接觸對(duì)有其他健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō)也是不健康的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。
65．根據(jù)后文“If yu’re eating a prper breakfast, yu’re less likely t be hungry later and make pr fd chices. (如果你吃了一頓合適的早餐，你就不太可能在之后感到饑餓，也不太可能做出糟糕的食物選擇)”可知，本句主要針對(duì)早餐吃的食物進(jìn)行建議。故E選項(xiàng)“選擇全麥、低脂的早餐食物，包括水果”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
14.（2023年北京市首都師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢試題）
Children lve getting dirty. 66 But getting muddy culd have a pwerful effect n their wellbeing, t.
“Dn’t get dirty!” was nce a cnstant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spil their best clthes. Whether they were running thrugh farmers’ fields, climbing trees r catching tadples, it was inevitable that children’s whites wuld turn brwn befre the day was ver.
Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 67
What is gained in laundry bills may be lst in the child’s wellbeing. Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. 68
Many f the psychlgical benefits f utdr play are already well established. Natural scenes prvide the perfect level f stimulatin, which is thught t help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多動(dòng)癥) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area. 69 The authrs recmmended using such “dses f nature” as a safe and accessible way f supprting children with ADHD, alngside ther tls.
70 Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals.
A．Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy.
B．Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds.
C．Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.
E．As fr the child’s physical health, the mst bvius advantage f utdr play may be the exercise.
F．Peple wh grw up n farms are less likely t develp asthma, allergies, r aut-immune disrders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】66．D 67．A 68．G 69．B 70．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了孩子們?cè)趹?hù)外玩耍、接觸大自然的重要性，并且指出這樣做對(duì)孩子們的身心健康及成長(zhǎng)有著積極的影響，特別是在現(xiàn)代城市化的生活和環(huán)境背景下，更應(yīng)該注意讓孩子們參與戶(hù)外活動(dòng)，樂(lè)享大自然。
66．根據(jù)前文“Children lve getting dirty.(孩子們喜歡弄臟。)”結(jié)合下文“But”可知與空處轉(zhuǎn)折，D項(xiàng)“They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.(他們像泥濘的磁鐵一樣被水坑吸引，而不考慮鞋子或衣服的顏色。)”與上下文一致，表明小孩們非常喜歡玩泥巴，不會(huì)顧及自己的衣服和鞋子會(huì)被弄臟，這突顯出小孩們對(duì)于在室外玩耍的渴望，D項(xiàng)“他們被像泥濘的磁鐵一樣的水坑吸引，完全不考慮鞋子和衣服的顏色?！狈?，故選D項(xiàng)。
67．根據(jù)前文“Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，許多父母可能暗暗希望他們的孩子有機(jī)會(huì)撿起一點(diǎn)泥土。隨著城市化的興起，以及電子游戲和社交媒體的誘惑，與大自然的接觸比過(guò)去少得多。)”可知現(xiàn)代的城市生活方式和娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)可能與大自然的接觸缺乏，導(dǎo)致了小孩們?cè)絹?lái)越難以有機(jī)會(huì)和時(shí)間去在戶(hù)外玩耍，與A項(xiàng)“Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy. (對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，根本沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)變得泥濘。)”與上下文一致，故選A項(xiàng)。
68．根據(jù)前文“Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. (根據(jù)最近的研究，外面的污垢正在與友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空處會(huì)提到微生物的作用，與G項(xiàng)“They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它們可以訓(xùn)練免疫系統(tǒng)并建立對(duì)一系列疾病的適應(yīng)力，包括過(guò)敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也會(huì)幫助小孩的免疫系統(tǒng)去建立對(duì)很多疾病的的抵抗能力和適應(yīng)性，包括過(guò)敏和哮喘等疾病。故選G項(xiàng)。
69．根據(jù)上文“Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多動(dòng)癥) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area.(支持這一理論，2009年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與在保存完好的城市地區(qū)的街道上步行20分鐘相比，患有多動(dòng)癥的兒童在公園散步20分鐘后能夠更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然場(chǎng)景對(duì)小孩的精神和認(rèn)知發(fā)展會(huì)有很好的刺激和幫助，與B項(xiàng)“Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds. (靠近草木似乎對(duì)他們的思想產(chǎn)生了有益的影響。)”與上下文一致，故選B項(xiàng)。
70．根據(jù)下文“Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals. (例如，泥漿和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行為可以幫助兒童發(fā)展他們的感官和運(yùn)動(dòng)相互作用的方式，稱(chēng)為感覺(jué)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展。這使孩子逐漸理解他或她的身體信號(hào)。)”可知本段主要講述了戶(hù)外玩耍可以幫助孩子們感覺(jué)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展，使他們理解他或她的身體信號(hào)，這是一種學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，與C項(xiàng)“Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.(除了這些恢復(fù)效果外，戶(hù)外游戲還可以提供寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”上下文一致，故選C項(xiàng)。
15.（2023年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市高三調(diào)研試題）
Nwadays, many f us are finding urselves tired ut, struggling t build balance back int ur lives. 71 Spending time near ceans, lakes, rivers and ther bule spaces can prvide a range f benefits including reducing anxiety, easing mental tiredness and refreshing us. Here is sme advice n hw t take advantage f the healing pwer f water.
72 Yu likely have sme water clse by, even if it is just a pnd alngside the rad. Start there. Then get ut t water yu can visit n the weekend r a vacatin. Urban water cunts—rivers, canals and funtains. 73 If yu can’t get t actual water, then paintings, phtgraphs, vides and mvies can prduce sme f the same benefits. Even virtual reality helps.
G ften. A little bit makes a big difference. 74 But an envirnmental psychlgist fund that spending a similar amunt f time near water has the same benefits. Even peple wh lk int aquariums(水族箱) have lwer heart rates and better mds after just 15 minutes.
Listen. One f the mst calming characteristics f water is its sund, typically steady and sft. The water sunds peple find having the strngest healing pwer are rain in a rainfrest, waves patting a beach, and a running stream. When the sunds f living things are added t the sunds f water, peple like them even better. Make an audi recrding f yur favrite water. 75
A．Remember that all water cunts.
B．It will bring back happy memries.
C．Stay in a place surrunded by water.
D．Accrding t researchers, water can help us.
E．S des dmestic water-in pls, bathtubs, even by fish tanks.
F．Spending sme time every day near water can speed up ur recvery.
G．It takes at least tw hurs a week in nature t imprve ur well-being.
【答案】71．D 72．A 73．E 74．G 75．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于如何利用水的治療力量的建議
71．根據(jù)空前的“Nwadays, many f us are finding urselves tired ut, struggling t build balance back int ur lives.(如今，我們中的許多人都發(fā)現(xiàn)自己疲憊不堪，努力恢復(fù)生活的平衡)”可知，當(dāng)前，很多人處于疲憊狀態(tài)，在努力地建立生活中的平衡，根據(jù)空后的“Spending time near ceans, lakes, rivers and ther bule spaces can prvide a range f benefits including reducing anxiety, easing mental tiredness and refreshing us.(在海洋、湖泊、河流和其他藍(lán)色空間附近度過(guò)一段時(shí)間可以帶來(lái)一系列好處，包括減少焦慮、緩解精神疲勞和讓我們精神煥發(fā))”可知，與水相關(guān)的環(huán)境在一起一段時(shí)間會(huì)有很大幫助，由此可推斷，此空處應(yīng)是承上啟下的作用，指出水可以幫助我們緩解疲憊。D選項(xiàng)“Accrding t researchers, water can help us.(據(jù)研究人員稱(chēng)，水可以幫助我們)”符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
72．根據(jù)分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的主題句，應(yīng)為祈使句，根據(jù)空后的“Yu likely have sme water clse by, even if it is just a pnd alngside the rad. Start there. Then get ut t water yu can visit n the weekend r a vacatin. Urban water cunts—rivers, canals and funtains.(你附近可能有一些水，即使它只是路邊的一個(gè)池塘。從這里開(kāi)始。然后到你可以在周末或假期參觀的水里去。城市用水——河流、運(yùn)河和噴泉)”可知，該段講述的只要是有水的地方就可以，無(wú)論是哪里的水，A選項(xiàng)“Remember that all water cunts.(記住，所有的水都可以)”符合題意，概括了本段的主題。故選A項(xiàng)。
73．根據(jù)上題分析的內(nèi)容，本段講述的是無(wú)論哪里的水都很重要，由此可知，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與此相關(guān)，根據(jù)空前的“Then get ut t water yu can visit n the weekend r a vacatin. Urban water cunts—rivers, canals and funtains.(然后到你可以在周末或假期參觀的水里去。城市用水——河流、運(yùn)河和噴泉)”可知，此處講述的是在周末時(shí)間去接觸外界的水，E選項(xiàng)“S des dmestic water-in pls, bathtubs, even by fish tanks.(家庭水池、浴缸，甚至魚(yú)缸也是如此)”講述的內(nèi)容是家里的水也很重要，與本段主題相符，且內(nèi)容一致。故選E項(xiàng)。
74．根據(jù)本段主題句“G ften.”可知，該段建議人們經(jīng)常接觸水，與時(shí)間相關(guān)，根據(jù)空后的“But an envirnmental psychlgist fund that spending a similar amunt f time near water has the same benefits.(但一位環(huán)境心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，在水附近呆同樣長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間也有同樣的好處)”可知，在水附近花費(fèi)類(lèi)似的時(shí)間有一樣的好處，根據(jù)but可知，此空處的內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，G選項(xiàng)“It takes at least tw hurs a week in nature t imprve ur well-being.(我們每周至少要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)在大自然中才能改善我們的健康)”可知，每周在大自然中待至少兩個(gè)小時(shí)會(huì)改善健康，與空后的“在水邊花費(fèi)相似的時(shí)間”以及“起到一樣的效果”意義相符。故選G項(xiàng)。
75．根據(jù)本段的主題句“Listen.”以及空前的“Make an audi recrding f yur favrite water.(錄制您最喜歡的水的錄音)”可知，本段講述的是聽(tīng)水聲對(duì)身體健康是有用的，空前講述的是錄制一段最喜歡的水的錄音，由此可知，此空處應(yīng)是這樣做的效果，B選項(xiàng)“It will bring back happy memries.(它會(huì)帶回快樂(lè)的回憶)”符合題意，承接空前內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。
用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空
（2023年全國(guó)乙卷）
Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. ____36____, but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物種) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____37____.
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra, wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens, says, “____38____. I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity, fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking. ____39____.
Which plants can yu grw?
Ale vera, peace lilies and spider plants are sme f the species that are easy t grw indrs. Yu can buy plants frm supermarkets, garden centres r nline. Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature — which is part f the jy f wning plants. “____40____,” Spelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了什么是室內(nèi)植物、室內(nèi)植物帶來(lái)的好處及你能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過(guò)改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來(lái)促進(jìn)人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成nt nly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它們不僅看起來(lái)很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Many f these species (物種) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國(guó)戶(hù)外生長(zhǎng)，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不適合在戶(hù)外寒冷的環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)，即適合在溫暖的地方生長(zhǎng)。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它們?cè)跍嘏氖覂?nèi)生長(zhǎng)得更好)能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬天的幾個(gè)月里，房子周?chē)闹参镎娴哪芴嵘愕那榫w)”可知，室內(nèi)植物對(duì)人有好處。由此可知，C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs(在室內(nèi)種植植物有很多好處)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通過(guò)去除二氧化碳等有害氣體來(lái)凈化周?chē)目諝?。它們還能去除油漆或烹飪中的一些有害化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質(zhì)。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best(像和平百合和魔芋之類(lèi)的植物是最好的)能夠承接上文，列舉了在這方面做的最好的植物，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。
40題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature-which is part f the jy f wning plants.(年輕的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它們成熟時(shí)照顧它們——這是擁有植物的樂(lè)趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding(了解每種植物的需求是非常有益的)能夠承接上文，同時(shí)引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”(它可以為人們的生活帶來(lái)新的興趣和焦點(diǎn)，并有助于建立家庭與自然之間的聯(lián)系。)”具體介紹了了解每種植物的需求的好處。故選G。
（2023年全國(guó)甲卷）
Tricks T Becming A Patient Persn
Here’s a riddle: n. 謎What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. 37 . “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
● Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (滿(mǎn)足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. 38 . Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
● 39 .
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtabel is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “ 40 .” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A．Find yur causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncmfrtable
D．All this adds up t a state f hurry
E．It can als help us practice mre patience
F．This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G．They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答案】36．G 37．E 38．B 39．C 40．F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了變得耐心的一些方法。
36．根據(jù)上文“Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. (這里有一個(gè)謎語(yǔ)：交通堵塞、排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)和等待假期開(kāi)始有什么共同之處？答案只有一個(gè))”可知，本句說(shuō)明上文謎語(yǔ)的答案，結(jié)合“交通堵塞、排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)和等待假期”這些情況可知都需要耐心。故G選項(xiàng)“在這些情況下，我們都需要一點(diǎn)額外的耐心”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。
37．根據(jù)上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好處：研究表明，感恩讓我們更快樂(lè)，壓力更小，甚至更樂(lè)觀)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大學(xué)的研究員葉麗說(shuō)：“表達(dá)感激可以培養(yǎng)自我控制能力?！?”可知，上文提到了感恩的諸多好處，可知本句繼續(xù)說(shuō)明感恩的好處：它還可以幫助我們練習(xí)更多的耐心。E選項(xiàng)中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E選項(xiàng)“它還可以幫助我們練習(xí)更多的耐心”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。
38．根據(jù)上文“And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. (我們養(yǎng)成等待習(xí)慣的唯一方法就是練習(xí))”以及后文“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. (把你最喜歡的節(jié)目推遲到周末再看，或者多等10分鐘再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列舉的事情都是日常的小事，說(shuō)明要從小事開(kāi)始練習(xí)等待，故B選項(xiàng)“從小任務(wù)開(kāi)始”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。
39．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. (我們中的許多人都認(rèn)為舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷舒適區(qū)之外的事情時(shí)，我們會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，結(jié)合前文的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)中uncmfrtable對(duì)應(yīng)后文cmfrtable。故C選項(xiàng)“接受不舒服”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
40．根據(jù)上文“Yu shuld learn t say t yurself (你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)自己說(shuō)……)”以及后文“Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient. (然后你會(huì)逐漸變得更有耐心)”結(jié)合本段主要說(shuō)明的是不舒服的狀態(tài)，可知，本句為對(duì)自己所說(shuō)的話與接受不舒服相關(guān)，故F選項(xiàng)“這僅僅是不舒服，而不是無(wú)法忍受”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。
（2022年新高考I卷）
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym, ” while anther read: “___36___” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
S, hw d yu find a wrkut partner?
First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. ___37___ Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility? Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn’t result in a useful respnse. ___38___ If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.
My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. ___39___
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre (核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何找到一個(gè)一起鍛煉的伙伴。
36.根據(jù)前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,”(《健身雜志》最近刊登了一篇題為《感謝健身伙伴的五個(gè)理由》的文章。一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去鍛煉。”)”以及后文“With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin. (有一個(gè)鍛煉伙伴，你將會(huì)努力訓(xùn)練，因?yàn)槟銈冎g有一個(gè)微妙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng))”可知，空處陳述另一個(gè)和別人一起鍛煉的理由，故選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與后文是順承關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C中的“train with smene else”與后文的“With a wrkut partner”相對(duì)應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)C“Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和別人一起訓(xùn)練，你會(huì)更努力)”符合語(yǔ)意。故選C項(xiàng)。
37.根據(jù)前文“First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. (首先，決定你想從那個(gè)人身上得到什么)”和后文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身體健康，能夠移動(dòng)的力量和靈活性?)”可知，這里是一個(gè)問(wèn)句，反問(wèn)自己結(jié)伴鍛煉的目的，故空處與后文是選擇關(guān)系，你要知道你鍛煉是為了什么。所以選項(xiàng)D“D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt? (你想在你最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上成為更好的運(yùn)動(dòng)員嗎?)”與后文在語(yǔ)意上構(gòu)成選擇關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
38.根據(jù)前文“Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but prbably wn't result in a useful respnse. (你可能會(huì)考慮在社交媒體上發(fā)布你想要的東西，但可能不會(huì)得到有用的回應(yīng))”和后文“If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房鍛煉，那個(gè)人一定是同一個(gè)健身房的)”可知，尋找的鍛煉伙伴要具有便利性的特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B中的“l(fā)ive clse by”與后文的“belng t the same gym”相對(duì)應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)B“A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by. (鍛煉伙伴通常需要住在附近)”與下文是順承關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。
39.根據(jù)前文“My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. (我的搭檔把她的要求貼在了當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@的布告欄上。她的注意事項(xiàng)包括她想要做什么樣的鍛煉，每周多少天，每次培訓(xùn)要花多少小時(shí)，以及她的年齡。它還列出了她最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)，并提供了她的電話號(hào)碼)”可知，本段作者以自己的鍛煉伙伴為例，說(shuō)明尋找鍛煉伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以選項(xiàng)G“Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin. (任何鍛煉伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包括這些信息)”是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，符合語(yǔ)意。故選G項(xiàng)。
40.根據(jù)前文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. (你和你的伴侶可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Over time, bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre (核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther. (久而久之，你們雙方都會(huì)受益——你的伴侶會(huì)舉起更多的重量，你也會(huì)變得更健康。你們關(guān)系的核心是你們永遠(yuǎn)在一起互相幫助)”可知，要學(xué)會(huì)求同存異，一起合作，共同提高。選項(xiàng)F中的“differences”對(duì)應(yīng)前文的“different skills”，選項(xiàng)中的“wrk with each ther”對(duì)應(yīng)后文的“be there t help each ther”，故選項(xiàng)F“Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther. (接受你們的不同，學(xué)會(huì)彼此合作)”起到承上啟下的作用，符合語(yǔ)意。故選F項(xiàng)。
（2023年全國(guó)甲卷）
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (禮節(jié)) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___36___. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___37___.
Hands r Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring t use their hands. In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers. Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
Making Requests
___39___. In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. ___40___, the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些外出就餐時(shí)要知道的一些重要事項(xiàng)。
36.根據(jù)后文“Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.(知道一些技巧將有助于確保你和朋友或家人一起享受一頓愉快的晚餐——無(wú)論你在世界的哪個(gè)地方。)”可知，此處是指要學(xué)習(xí)一些用餐禮節(jié)以避免在用餐時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤，所以選項(xiàng)D“不要在餐館犯尷尬的錯(cuò)誤”切合文意。故選D。
37.根據(jù)前文“When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu.(當(dāng)你在吃的間隙把它們放下來(lái)的時(shí)候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了。)”可知，此處是講筷子的擺放方式，所以選項(xiàng)F“不要把它們直立在食物中，也不要在使用時(shí)交叉放置”切合文意，選項(xiàng)中的them指的就是本段中的chpsticks。故選F。
38.根據(jù)前文“In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中東，用左手吃飯被認(rèn)為是非常不禮貌的。法國(guó)人希望你每只手拿一個(gè)餐具吃飯。)”可知，此處舉例說(shuō)明幾個(gè)地方的用餐方式，且根據(jù)后文“instead preferring t use their hands(相反更喜歡用手)”可知，此處是指不喜歡用餐具用餐，所以選項(xiàng)C“墨西哥人認(rèn)為用餐具吃飯是不合適的”切合文意。故選C。
39.根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Making Requests”(提出要求)可知，此處是講在用餐時(shí)提出要求，根據(jù)后文“In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. (在葡萄牙，這將是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)檫@表明你不喜歡廚師的調(diào)味技巧。)”可知，后文中的this是指要求額外的調(diào)料，所以選項(xiàng)G“吃飯時(shí)要鹽和胡椒似乎是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的請(qǐng)求”切合文意。故選G。
40.根據(jù)后文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices(你就會(huì)對(duì)它的外國(guó)文化習(xí)俗感到越舒服)”可知，此處句式為“the mre...,the mre...”，且its是指“國(guó)家的”，所以此處是指在一個(gè)國(guó)家待的時(shí)間越久，選項(xiàng)B“你在某個(gè)國(guó)家待的時(shí)間越久”切合文意。故選B。
（2022年全國(guó)乙卷）
Friendship needs care and attentin t keep it in gd health. Here are five ways t sustain (保持) lng-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Lng-lasting friendships share the characteristic that bth sides equally cntact (聯(lián)系) and share with ne anther. With busy schedules, squeezing in phne calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·Mre isn’t always merrier
Make sure yu have cmmunicated with yur friend abut hw frequently each f yu wants t be cntacted and what methd wrks best fr yu bth. ___37___. There are alternatives t cnstant written cmmunicatin, such as leaving vice messages r having a grup chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend wh is remaining needs t be sensitive t all the additinal time demands placed n the friend wh has mved. The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships. Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible, extra effrt ges a lng way n special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends’ birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne
__40___, but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
A. Remember imprtant dates
B. Cmpensate by writing letters
C. It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D. Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E. Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F. It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G. Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。
36.根據(jù)上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phne calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很難抽出時(shí)間打電話）講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話，D項(xiàng)“盡量找個(gè)雙方都有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去” 給出了解決沒(méi)時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
37.根據(jù)上文“Make sure yu have cmmunicated with yur friend abut hw frequently each f yu wants t be cntacted and what methd wrks best fr yu bth.”（確保你已經(jīng)和你的朋友溝通過(guò)，了解你們想要聯(lián)系的頻率，以及哪種方法對(duì)你們雙方都最有效）提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，E項(xiàng)“朋友需要談?wù)撍麄兿矚g的交流方式”承接上文，進(jìn)一步提出對(duì)交流的方法的溝通，下文“There are alternatives t cnstant written cmmunicatin, such as leaving vice messages r having a grup chat.”（除了持續(xù)的文字交流，還有其他選擇，比如留下語(yǔ)音信息或進(jìn)行群聊）對(duì)E項(xiàng)中的“methds f cmmunicatin”進(jìn)行了舉例說(shuō)明，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)。
38.根據(jù)下文“The friend wh is remaining”（留下來(lái)的朋友）和“The ne in the new envirnment”（在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)）提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend wh left”和“the ne wh was left behind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“The ne in the new envirnment”和“The friend wh is remaining”，所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。
39.分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.”（周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的）講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“Remember imprtant dates”（記得重要的日子），所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
40.設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain.”（但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺(jué)地去維系）講的是我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說(shuō)明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過(guò)社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“scial media”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題“Dn’t rely n technlgy alne”（不要僅僅依賴(lài)技術(shù)）中的“technlgy”。故選F項(xiàng)。
（2022年浙江卷6月）
I have a drawer full f letters t Santa. Each year my children wuld write up their Christmas wish lists. They were plite requests fr the latest game r ty. As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. ____36____
Thse letters taught my children a valuable lessn abut writing: It has a purpse. Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times it may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. ____37____ And when writing desn’t seem t have any purpse r get any kind f meaningful respnse, then it can be hard t get excited abut ding it.
Christmas is a great time f year fr children t cmmunicate with thers thrugh writing. When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. ____38____ Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect.
____39____ Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. Hwever, because they are usually writing t family and friends, they use infrmal language mst f the time.
There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. ____40____ This type f writing wn’t be rewarded by the schl examiner, nr by a future emplyer r a ptential client. The very best cmmunicatrs are thse wh knw hw t adjust their language t match their audience.
A．It isn’t that these yung peple can’t write.
B．But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be.
C．The age f pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D．As a result, each year they received smething they wanted.
E．Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them.
F．As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have.
G．But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems.
【答案】36．D 37．B 38．E 39．F 40．G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。作者通過(guò)講述孩子們通過(guò)給圣誕老人寫(xiě)信暗示得到自己心儀的禮物，從而論證觀點(diǎn)：人們寫(xiě)作都是帶有某種目的的。
36．根據(jù)空前“As the children gt lder, they wuld give Santa sme hints(提示)n where t buy their presents. (隨著孩子們逐漸長(zhǎng)大，他們會(huì)給圣誕老人一些提示，告訴他去哪里買(mǎi)禮物。)”可知，孩子們給圣誕老人提示去哪買(mǎi)禮物。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)“As a result, each year they received smething they wanted. (結(jié)果，他們每年都會(huì)收到他們想要的東西。)”為孩子們提示的結(jié)果：收到心儀的禮物。前后為明顯的因果關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。
37．根據(jù)空前“Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times t may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. (有時(shí)我們的目的是為了獲得東西，有時(shí)可能是為了娛樂(lè)、告知或說(shuō)服。)”可知，我們寫(xiě)作都是帶著目的的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B“But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be. (但它總是有目的的——或者至少應(yīng)該是這樣。)”可知，前后語(yǔ)意一致，說(shuō)明寫(xiě)作是帶有目的的。故選B項(xiàng)。
38．根據(jù)空前“When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. (當(dāng)孩子們?yōu)檎嬲淖x者和真正的目的寫(xiě)作時(shí)，他們就能學(xué)會(huì)相應(yīng)地選擇用詞。)”以及空后“Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect. (你寫(xiě)“親愛(ài)的圣誕老人”是因?yàn)槟悴徽J(rèn)識(shí)他，你想表達(dá)對(duì)他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之間是“理論——實(shí)踐”的關(guān)系，由此可推知，空處也應(yīng)為具體的實(shí)踐。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)E“Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them. (你寫(xiě)“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因?yàn)槟愫退麄兒苡H近。)”可知，符合這一邏輯。而且和空后結(jié)構(gòu)一致。故選E項(xiàng)。
39．根據(jù)空后“Texting, nline messaging, live chats while playing vide games all mean that they are cnstantly prducing written messages. (在玩電子游戲時(shí)發(fā)短信、在線消息、實(shí)時(shí)聊天都意味著他們?cè)诓粩嗟禺a(chǎn)生書(shū)面信息。 )”可知，科技的發(fā)展讓人們的寫(xiě)作變得更普遍。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)F“As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have. (隨著科技的發(fā)展，年輕人寫(xiě)的東西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后語(yǔ)意一致，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。
40．根據(jù)空前“There is nthing wrng with this kind f writing. It suits the audience and the purpse and gets the jb dne. (這種寫(xiě)作方式并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。它迎合了觀眾和目的，完成了任務(wù)。)”可知，作者在評(píng)價(jià)這種科技影響下的寫(xiě)作方式。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G“But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems. (但如果這是年輕人唯一的寫(xiě)作方式，那就會(huì)造成問(wèn)題。)”可知，前后語(yǔ)意一致，從正反兩方面評(píng)價(jià)科技帶來(lái)的寫(xiě)作。故選G項(xiàng)。
（2022年北京卷）
Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. ____15____ It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
____16____ We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. ____17____ This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. ____18____ Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. ____19____ This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C．It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D．Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E．If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F．There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G．This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】15．G 16．B 17．D 18．F 19．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些健身的方式來(lái)讓自己有一個(gè)健康的身體。
15．根據(jù)空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身幫助一個(gè)人過(guò)上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會(huì)忽視自己的健康。)”可知因?yàn)楦鞣N壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對(duì)抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對(duì)各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對(duì)我們的身體及生活的影響。G項(xiàng)“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會(huì)感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項(xiàng)中的ther diseases與空后的these diseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。
16．根據(jù)空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(為了擁有一個(gè)健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會(huì)被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項(xiàng)“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。
17．根據(jù)空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒(méi)有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒(méi)有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)生病，根據(jù)空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的?？仗幊猩蠁⑾?，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會(huì)生病這樣一種狀況，D項(xiàng)“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體會(huì)在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily這種情況，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
18．根據(jù)空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，花些時(shí)間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我們的生活中有一些活動(dòng)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。
19．根據(jù)空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(這反過(guò)來(lái)又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康和健身目標(biāo)很有好處，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處，C項(xiàng)“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。)”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對(duì)于我們的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2022年浙江卷1月）
I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but I have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the mst imprtant.
____12____ Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive. I chse the life f an adviser because I like t wrk with cmpanies, but dn't want the life f a big cmpany CEO. My chices are based n the lifestyle I want.
Cmbine yur activities.
Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner. Build yur scial life arund peple yur wrk envirnment. Find peple in yur cmpany wh share cmmn interests and develp yur career (職業(yè)) arund the peple and activities yu lve.
____14____
Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there.
Lighten up.
The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining (改進(jìn)) tward a happy prductive existence. ____15____ Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stp trying t balance time between them all.
D．Make chices abut what is meaningful in yur life.
E．The things yu d well usually give yu greater jy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help yu make the mst f yur time.
G．This is why making lists is imprtant in any prductivity handbk.
【答案】11．F 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．G
【分析】本文是說(shuō)明文。作者給出了既可以充分利用時(shí)間又可以快樂(lè)放松的有效建議。
11．上文“I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d, but 1 have made specific chice that allw me t make the mst f every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一樣，每天都有24小時(shí)，但我做了具體的選擇，讓我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快樂(lè)和放松)”說(shuō)明作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍舊感到快樂(lè)和輕松，根據(jù)下文段落小標(biāo)題可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空格處應(yīng)是承上啟下，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“help yu make the mst f yur time”與上文“t make the mst f every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建議，因此F項(xiàng)“也許這些建議會(huì)幫助你充分利用你的時(shí)間”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。故選F。
12．根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題“Pick the mst imprtant.”可知，本段建議挑選最重要的，下文“Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive.( 把時(shí)間花在那些對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)有趣和富有成效的事情上)”說(shuō)明要挑選一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D項(xiàng)中的“what is meaningful in yur life”與標(biāo)題中的“the mst imprtant”一致，下文是對(duì)“Make chices”具體解釋。因此推斷D項(xiàng)“選擇你生活中有意義的東西”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
13．上文“Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends, family, wrk, play, etc.( 許多人瘋狂地試圖弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娛樂(lè)等方面度過(guò)時(shí)間)”說(shuō)明許多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好時(shí)間，下文“Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner.( 找到一種結(jié)合的方式來(lái)享受它們)”說(shuō)明可以把事情組合在一起享受，因此推斷空格處與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說(shuō)明不要試圖均衡時(shí)間，C項(xiàng)“不要試圖在它們之間平衡時(shí)間”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
14．空格處為段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu, but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks, freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there. Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there. (你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)需要花費(fèi)了你更多的時(shí)間，但實(shí)際上總有一些新的方法可以為你節(jié)省出做日常事務(wù)的時(shí)間，為你騰出時(shí)間去做最重要的事情。尋找在這里或者那里贏回一個(gè)小時(shí)的新方法)”可推斷，本段講述學(xué)習(xí)雖然花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間，但總是能有一些方法為你節(jié)省時(shí)間做其他事情，因此要做有效的學(xué)習(xí)者。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“做有效的學(xué)習(xí)者”為段落標(biāo)題，故選B。
15．下文“Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一個(gè)小的勝利，累積起來(lái)就是一個(gè)大的勝利)”說(shuō)明事情要一件一件去做，G項(xiàng)中的“making lists”與之呼應(yīng)，因此推斷G項(xiàng)“這就是為什么列清單在任何生產(chǎn)手冊(cè)中都很重要的原因”符合語(yǔ)境，this指代上文“The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne. Celebrate prgress and keep refining (改進(jìn)) tward a happy prductive existence.( 在大多數(shù)情況下，世界不會(huì)因?yàn)槟銢](méi)做完幾件事而走向末日。慶祝進(jìn)步，不斷改進(jìn)走向一個(gè)快樂(lè)而富有成效的存在)”解釋了列出清單一件一件完成任務(wù)的原因。故選G。
（2021年全國(guó)乙卷）
Accrding t Jessica Hagy, authr f Hw t Be Interesting, it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if yu’re ut f yur cmfrt zne r if yu’re wandering int smebdy’s huse fr the first time. S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers.
Peple lve t talk abut themselves. If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living?”, yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
___38___? If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (講臺(tái)). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment (贊揚(yáng)). ___40___. Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”
S being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. Hw d yu knw the hst
B. The first step is t g explring
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F. What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
G. He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的一些方法。
36.上文“it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難)”說(shuō)明晚宴上讓自己變得有趣是不太困難的，以及下文“S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險(xiǎn)，嘗試不同的食物，和陌生人交談)”說(shuō)明在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣的方法，B項(xiàng)“第一步是去探索”承上啟下，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
37.下文“it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin. (它可以引入“我有這輛破舊的車(chē)”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車(chē)。”它只是開(kāi)啟了對(duì)話)”說(shuō)明得到回答，開(kāi)啟對(duì)話，C項(xiàng)“如果你問(wèn)問(wèn)題“你是怎么到達(dá)這里的？”提出問(wèn)題，引出下文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。
38.下文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx. (如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話的地方)”說(shuō)明要采取方法，拿走他們的酒或者讓他們離開(kāi)講話的地方，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“喝太多酒或一直說(shuō)個(gè)不停的人怎么辦”提出問(wèn)題，引出下文的解決辦法，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
39.上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (講臺(tái)). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. (如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開(kāi)講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們從那種情景中離開(kāi))”說(shuō)明面對(duì)喝太多酒或者一直說(shuō)個(gè)不停的人時(shí)，可以采取的方法，E項(xiàng)“或者把談話變成他們沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的話題”提出另一種解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。
40.上文“If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人)”說(shuō)明贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，以及下文“This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.(這蛋糕特別好吃，你得告訴我它的一切)”說(shuō)明對(duì)主人進(jìn)行贊美的具體做法，G項(xiàng)中He r she 指代上文中的主人，G項(xiàng)“他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。
（2021年新高考I卷）
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
____39___ On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded.____40____When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段時(shí)間了解到的法國(guó)人的一些生活習(xí)慣的經(jīng)歷。
36.下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我們做的第一件事就是租了一個(gè)非常昂貴第六層的公寓，只有一個(gè)櫥柜那么大)”說(shuō)明作者和丈夫采取行動(dòng)，租了昂貴的公寓，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“我們的目標(biāo)是看看我們是否在某種程度上能像真正的巴黎人那樣生活。”說(shuō)明作者和丈夫租昂貴公寓的原因，引出下文，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
37.上文“Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing wrked.(與普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”說(shuō)明作者租的公寓的情況，C項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)漂亮的廚房和一張舒適的床”繼續(xù)說(shuō)明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。
38.下文“French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.(法國(guó)草莓嘗起來(lái)不像紙板。相反，它們會(huì)像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸)”說(shuō)明法國(guó)的草莓很美味，G項(xiàng)中delicius是關(guān)鍵詞，G項(xiàng)“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂(lè)”引出下文，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。
39.下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!(我丈夫和我都認(rèn)為這是我們吃過(guò)的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!)”說(shuō)明法國(guó)的水果好吃但是很貴，E項(xiàng)“這并不是法國(guó)人吃得比我們少的唯一原因”承接上文法國(guó)人吃的少但是不胖的話題，并引出下文，說(shuō)明法國(guó)人吃的少的另一個(gè)原因“物價(jià)昂貴”。故選E項(xiàng)。
40.上文“In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency (效率). Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. (在法國(guó)生活質(zhì)量比效率更重要。這一點(diǎn)你能從咖啡館生活看出來(lái)。法國(guó)的咖啡廳總是很擁擠)”說(shuō)明了法國(guó)人會(huì)去咖啡館，認(rèn)為生活質(zhì)量比效率更重要，以及下文“When d these peple wrk?(這些人什么時(shí)候工作？)”說(shuō)明咖啡館中的顧客有法國(guó)人，A項(xiàng)中custmer符合咖啡館的情境設(shè)定，A項(xiàng)“并不是所有的顧客都是游客?！背猩蠁⑾?，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。