譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第二冊UNIT3教學(xué)知識細解碼學(xué)案

這是一份譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第二冊UNIT3教學(xué)知識細解碼學(xué)案，共13頁。
1．chemist n．藥劑師，藥商；化學(xué)家→chemistry n．化學(xué)→chemical adj.化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品 2．specialize vi.專門研究(或從事), 專攻→specialist n．?？漆t(yī)生；專家 3．a(chǎn)ffect vt.影響；侵襲，使感染； 深深打動→affection n．鐘愛 4．identify vt.找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；確認， 認出；顯示，說明身份→identification n．鑒定；識別→identity n．身份；共性；本質(zhì)→identical adj.相同的 5．relate vi. & vt. 聯(lián)系，使有聯(lián)系； 敘述，講述→relation n．關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)系→relationship n．關(guān)系 6．delete vt.刪去，刪除→deletion n．刪除 7．restore vt.恢復(fù)；修復(fù)；使復(fù)原， 使復(fù)位→restoration n．恢復(fù) 8．restrict vt.限制，限定；束縛， 妨礙；約束，管束 →restriction n．限制→restrictive adj.限制的 9．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止； 使不可能→prohibition n．禁令；禁止 10．resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反對； 抵抗，反抗 →resist vt.抵制；抵抗→resistant adj.抵制的；有抵抗力的 1．a(chǎn)ffect vt. 影響；侵襲，使感染；深深打動 ①These viruses affect children and are highly infectious. 侵襲，使感染 ②The change is unlikely to affect many people. 影響 ③I was deeply affected by the film. 深深打動 2．contract vt. 感染(疾病)；與……訂立合同(或契約) n. 合同，合約 ①These clauses form part of the contract between buyer and seller. 合同，合約 ②Several computer engineers have been contracted to the finance department. 與……訂立合同 ③There is so far no report on school children contracting the virus in schools. 感染疾病 3．pace n. 發(fā)生的速度，節(jié)奏；步速；快節(jié)奏 vi.& vt. 來回踱步，走來走去；確定速度，調(diào)整節(jié)奏 ①We encourage all students to work at their own pace. 節(jié)奏 ②He'd only gone a few paces before he stopped again. 步伐 ③As they waited，Kravis paced the room nervously. 來回踱步 ④He'll have to learn to pace himself in this job. 調(diào)整節(jié)奏  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點1) 　affect vt. 影響；侵襲，使感染；深深打動 [例]As a matter of fact，your opinion will not affect my decision. 事實上，你的意見不會影響我的決定。 [歸納拓展] (1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打動 be affected with a high fever 發(fā)高燒 (2)effect n. 作用；影響 have an effect/influence on 對……產(chǎn)生影響 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①Affected(affect) with a high fever，he continued with his work. ②Some people's feeling can be greatly affected by the weather. ③我們想知道這藥對人們的健康是否有影響。 We want to know whether the drug affects/has an effect/influence on people's health.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點2) 　contract vt. 感染(疾病)；與……訂立合同(或契約) n. 合同，合約 [例]Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania. 很多在中國罕見的危險疾病在坦桑尼亞容易感染上。 [歸納拓展] (1)sign a contract 簽訂合同 keep a contract 遵守或履行合同 make a contract with 與……簽訂合同 (2)contract in 承諾參加 contract out 包出(某事項或某工程)；拒絕參加 contract to do sth. 簽訂合同做某事 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①How many of the companies have contracted in so far? ②I don't want to be associated with your scheme; I'm contracting out． ③I have come to make a contract with you for the business under discussion. ④他們已立約承建一條穿越非洲的鐵路。 They have contracted to build a railway across Africa.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點3) 　arise vi.(arose，arisen)發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；(由……)引起，(因……)產(chǎn)生 [例]While I have only listed two of each，there are obviously many other situations that can arise. 雖然我只列出了其中的兩種，但顯然還有許多其他可能出現(xiàn)的情況。 [歸納拓展] arise from＝arise out of 由……引起/產(chǎn)生；從……中產(chǎn)生 arise from one's chair/seat 從椅子/座位上站起來 [名師點津]　arise為不及物動詞，表示“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”時，主語一般為argument，difficulty，misunderstanding，problem，quarrel，trouble等抽象名詞，無被動語態(tài)。 [辨析比較]　raise，rise，arise [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①As is known to all，emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause. ②A number of high buildings have arisen (arise)where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. ③隨著越來越多的人出國旅游，自然會出現(xiàn)各種各樣的問題。 As more and more people travel abroad，it's natural that various problems will arise．  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點4) 　restrict vt. 限制，限定；束縛，妨礙；約束，管束 [例]We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. 作為個人，我們也可以通過限制生活中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳量來減少我們的“碳足跡”。 [歸納拓展] (1)restrict...to... 把……限制/限定…… (2)restriction n. 限制；約束 impose/place a restriction on sth. 對某事實行限制 (3)restricted adj. 受限制的，受約束的 (4)restrictive adj. 限制(性)的，限定(性)的 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be restricted (restrict). ②Many members think the rules were too restrictive (restrict). ③We must place restrictions (restrict)on private companies. ④以后我們會把班級規(guī)模限定在20人。 In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點5) 　prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；使不可能 [例]In fact，some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. 實際上，大多數(shù)國家都禁止使用諸如DDT之類的農(nóng)藥，因為它們會對人和環(huán)境造成破壞。 [歸納拓展] (1) eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prohibit sb.from doing sth.,prohibit sb.'s doing sth.)) 禁止某人做某事 prohibit (doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事 (2)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令 a prohibition against/on... ……的禁令 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go)to the science museum. ②The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit)against the hunting of whales. ③The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport. ④Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places. →Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places. →Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點6) 　resistance n. 抵抗力；抵制，反對；抵抗，反抗 [例]As they suppose，there has been a lot of resistance to this plan. 正如他們所料想的那樣，這項計劃遭到了很多人的反對。 [歸納拓展] (1)resist vi.&vt. 抵制；反抗；抵擋 resist doing sth. 反對做某事 can't resist doing sth.＝can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 (2)resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 be resistant to sth. 對某物有抵抗力 [名師點津]　resist表示“忍住”時常與表示否定意義的can't/can hardly/be not able to等連用；resist 后接動詞-ing形式，不接不定式。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①She couldn't resist showing (show)off her new skirt the moment she entered the classroom. ②Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. ③We should do exercise to build up resistance (resist)to disease. ④The little girl couldn't help asking her parents to buy the beautiful skirt. →The little girl couldn't resist asking her parents to buy the beautiful skirt.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點7) 　characteristic n. 特征，特點adj. 典型的，獨特的 [例]One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 雜交作物的一個特點是它們的產(chǎn)量通常比傳統(tǒng)作物高。 [歸納拓展] character n. 品格，品質(zhì)；特征，特性； (小說、戲劇中的)人物，角色； (漢)字，字體；性格 in character 符合某人的性格 out of character 不符合某人的性格 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①It was entirely in character for Rechel to put her baby first. ②I can't believe she lied to me — it seems so out of character. ③Different states of America have different characteristics (characteristic)，that is to say，America is a land of diversity. ④人類第一個獨特的特征就是與其他動物相比，人類的大腦特別大。 The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點8) 　put sth.in place 放在正確位置，準(zhǔn)備就緒 [例]You'd better put things back in place.Otherwise，it will be difficult to find them. 你最好把東西放在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，否則將很難找到它們。 [歸納拓展] in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；適當(dāng) in place of 代替；取代 in the first place 首先；第一點 out of place 不在適當(dāng)位置；不合適 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①Some of these books are out of place，making the whole room messy. ②Because Susan was in France at that time，her youngest sister took up the prize in place of her. ③To find them easily，you'd better put your books in place. ④現(xiàn)在塑料經(jīng)常被用來代替木料或金屬。 Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal．  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點9) 　debate vt.& vi. 討論，辯論；仔細考慮，思考 n. 討論，爭論；辯論 [例]We must debate the question with the rest of the members. 我們必須和其他成員討論這個問題。 [歸納拓展] have/hold a debate about/over/on 舉行關(guān)于……的討論 under debate 在討論中；在辯論中 beyond/without debate 無可爭議 debate with sb.about/over sth. 和某人談?wù)撃呈?debate sth.with sb. 和某人辯論某事 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①It is a fact without/beyond debate that the employment pressure of graduates is heavy. ②Last week our class held a debate on/about/over whether Senior 3 students should attend sports activities. ③We're just debating (debate)what to do next. ④昨天他和父親就這個問題展開了辯論。 He debated with his father about/over the question yesterday.  eq \a\vs4\al(知識要點10) 　without doubt 毫無疑問，的確 [例]This meeting has been，without doubt，one of the most useful we have had so far. 這無疑是我們迄今為止最有用的一次會議。 [歸納拓展] (1)beyond doubt 毫無疑問，的確 in doubt 不確定；不肯定 no doubt 無疑；確實地 There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問…… (2)doubtful adj. 可疑的，有疑問的；有問題的； 不確定的 [名師點津]　(1)doubt作動詞時： ①在肯定句中接whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 ②在否定句、疑問句中后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 (2)doubt作名詞時： ①在肯定句中接whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。 ②在否定句中用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①There is no doubt that more and more people prefer shopping online nowadays. ②There is some doubt whether/if he will pass the final exam. ③我懷疑他是否會反對這一想法。 I doubt whether/if/I have some doubt whether he will be opposed to the idea.  eq \a\vs4\al(重點句式1) 　過去分詞(短語)作后置定語 (教材原句P30)Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. 我們自己的個人基因組攜帶著使我們成長和發(fā)展所需的所有信息。 [句式分析]　needed是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾information。 [例1]The trees blown down in the storm have been moved off the road. 那些在暴風(fēng)雨中被刮倒的樹木已經(jīng)被清除出路面了。 [例2]She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground. 她正在打掃地上的落葉。 [歸納拓展] (1)過去分詞(短語)作定語，與所修飾詞語之間通常存在被動關(guān)系，少數(shù)過去分詞也可表示完成，不表被動。 (2)單個過去分詞作定語往往前置，過去分詞短語作定語須后置。用作定語的過去分詞(短語)在意思上與一個定語從句相似。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①The company made (make)up of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. ②The audience，deeply affected (affect)，warmly applauded for a long time. ③We must keep a secret of the things being discussed (discuss)here. ④Most of the people who were invited to attend the party were famous scientists. →Most of the people invited to attend the party were famous scientists.  eq \a\vs4\al(重點句式2) 　疑問詞＋不定式 (教材原句P31)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 然而，隨著這一技術(shù)不斷迅速發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了如何合理使用它的問題。 [句式分析]　how to use it appropriately為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作介詞about的賓語。 [例1]The question many students are puzzled about is how to study English well. 很多學(xué)生困惑的問題是怎樣學(xué)好英語。 [例2]Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say. 看到舞臺下有那么多的觀眾，他緊張得不知道說什么。 [歸納拓展] whether，what，which，whom，who，where，when，how等加不定式構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)在句中起名詞作用，可以作主語、表語和賓語。 (1)在“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須用主動式而不能用被動式。 (2)why后加不定式時，省略不定式to。 (3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①When and where to hold(hold)the meeting remains to be discussed further. ②Why not discover (discover)what you enjoy and do that? ③I don't know whether to accept it or not. ④The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble. →The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.  eq \a\vs4\al(重點句式3) 　動名詞短語作主語 (教材原句P33)Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes affect lifespans. 科學(xué)家說，定位這16個遺傳標(biāo)記將大大提高他們對基因如何影響壽命的理解。 [句式分析]　locating these sixteen genetic markers為動名詞短語，在句中作主語。 [例1]Speaking in public is a challenge to a lot of people. 對于很多人來說，公眾演講是一個挑戰(zhàn)。 [例2]It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others. 獨居而不和他人來往沒有好處。 [歸納拓展] 動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語，動名詞作真正的主語放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...等中。 [名師點津]　不定式、動名詞都可作主語，但動名詞作主語多指抽象的、概念性的動作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動作，尤其是某一次的動作。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空/完成句子 ①Knowing (know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. ②Being surrounded (surround)by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. ③Scientists have discovered that staying (stay)in the cold could help us lose weight. ④不采取行動而只是抱怨是沒有用的。 It is no use/It is useless complaining without taking action. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．He specializes in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries. 2．He believes students ultimately (ultimate) learn more and encourages them to form study groups. 3．This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have natural resistance (resist) to it. 4．The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without restriction (restrict). 5．All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with my homework. 6．Without appropriate software, a computer would be a mere box. 7．The heavy rain has damaged our school playground and it will be restored (restore) tomorrow. 8．For safety's sake, it is best to delete (delete) traces of personal information produced online. 9．We should always bear in mind that in the past many traffic accidents arose (arise) from drunk driving. 10．Eventually, laws were passed guaranteeing workers fair wages and working hours and prohibiting (prohibit) child labor. Ⅱ.短語填空 serve as；wrestle with；to one's advantage；without doubt；arise from；by means of；figure out；identify...as... 1．We are warned that accidents often arise from carelessness. 2．I want to know whether you have figured out how much the trip will cost. 3．During World War Ⅱ， when London was bombed, many underground stations served as bomb shelters. 4．He will try his best to help them by means of his traditional medical knowledge. 5．Without doubt，the number of jobs in information technology will multiply. 6．I have already spent two hours wrestling with my maths homework. 7．The bodies were identified as those of two suspected drug dealers the other day. 8．In fact, I believed you would see how greatly it was to your advantage to do business with me. Ⅲ.課文語法填空 A biologist is giving a lecture about the new possibilities genome editing can bring. He is very eager to share his 1. (excite) with us. Genes play 2. important role in shaping our lives because they decide everything of us, 3. (range) from the colour of our eyes to our talent. A genome, the complete set of genes inside a cell, carries the information influencing our 4. (grow), development, health and even lifestyle. Since genes are 5. (relate) to certain diseases, geneticists believe gene editing is an effective way 6. (treat) and prevent them. It can change, correct, delete 7. replace specific parts of the genetic material, which will be 8. (benefit) to different types of the disabled. Despite many advantages, we should take appropriate control of this technology, otherwise it would lead 9. moral issues. Although there exist some debates, genome editing is still one of the greatest 10. (invent) in the history of science, yet we should try to adopt it wisely. [答案]　1.excitement　2.an　3.ranging　4.growth　5．related　6.to treat　7.or　8.beneficial　9.to　10.inventionsraise vt. (raised，raised)有使物體達到其應(yīng)有的高度的含義， 意為“舉起；提高；提出；飼養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育；籌集；種植”rise vi. (rose，risen)說明主語自身移向較高位置，常用于日/月/云/霧/煙/蒸汽/溫度/物價等，無被動語態(tài)arise vi. (arose，arisen)主語一般為抽象名詞，意為“(現(xiàn)象，問題，困難等)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”教材高考1.A dentist specializes in the care of people's teeth.(2021·天津卷)Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts.2.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.(2021·全國乙卷)Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet....3.Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.(2021·浙江卷)This happened over and over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs...(2021·全國乙卷)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips...(2021·全國乙卷)Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(來源)of plastic pollution...