2024版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題板塊1第3講非謂語動(dòng)詞課件新人教版

這是一份2024版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題板塊1第3講非謂語動(dòng)詞課件新人教版，共50頁。PPT課件主要包含了剖析考點(diǎn)·語法突破，高效訓(xùn)練·跟蹤檢測等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
考點(diǎn)1　非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式及意義
There are still many prblems t be slved befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the mn．在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長住之前，仍有很多問題需要解決。Walking in the street, I came acrss an ld friend．走在大街上，我碰到了一位老朋友。Based n an interesting stry, the nvel was well wrth reading．基于一個(gè)有趣的故事，這部小說很值得一讀。
1．不定式作狀語(1)作目的狀語，有時(shí)用in rder t或s as t。We will cntinue ur campaign t prevent and cntrl air pllutin t make ur sky blue again．我們將繼續(xù)我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)，以預(yù)防和控制空氣污染，使我們的天空再次蔚藍(lán)。
考點(diǎn)2　非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語
(2)作結(jié)果狀語，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：nly t, enugh t, t ..., s/such t ...等。Tm tk a taxi t the airprt, nly t find his plane high up in the sky．湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。I'm t tired t stay up any lnger．我太累了，實(shí)在不能熬夜了。
(3)作原因狀語，常用在“主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋t d”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, heavy, gd, expensive, cmfrtable, dangerus, fit, imprtant, impssible, surprised, astnished, delighted, disappinted 等。We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin．令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。
易錯(cuò)提示語法填空中常考查 “主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外，需注意的是，在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，使之構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞作狀語分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，它所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。We sat in the garden, talking abut the days we spent tgether last year．我們坐在花園里，談?wù)撝ツ晡覀円黄鸲冗^的日子。
(2020·江蘇卷)Technlgical innvatins, cmbined with gd marketing, will prmte the sales f these prducts．技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與良好的市場營銷相結(jié)合，將促進(jìn)這些產(chǎn)品的銷售。Ordered ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw．這些書是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Like ancient sailrs, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars．像古代的船員一樣，鳥類可以利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。
名師點(diǎn)津部分過去分詞作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的有：lcated (坐落于), lst(迷路的), seated(坐著的), hidden(躲著的), lst/absrbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿著), tired f(厭煩的), faced with(面對著)。
3．獨(dú)立成分作狀語有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。?？嫉挠術(shù)enerally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking, talking f, speaking f, judging frm/by, taking everything int cnsideratin, cmpared t/with, t be frank, t tell (yu) the truth, t be hnest, t make things wrse 等。Judging frm his accent, he is frm Lndn．從口音判斷，他來自倫敦。T tell yu the truth, I am a little tired．說實(shí)話，我有點(diǎn)累。
4．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞帶有自己的邏輯主語，在句子中作狀語，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞或不定式是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與句子分開。
(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：①名詞/代詞＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式/過去分詞；②名詞/代詞＋不定式；③with/withut＋名詞/代詞＋分詞/不定式。Weather permitting, we shall play the match tmrrw．明天如果天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began ur hliday．考試結(jié)束后，我們就開始放假了。
1．不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Suddenly a gd idea ccurred t her，but she culdn't find any paper t write n．突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫下來。
考點(diǎn)3　非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語
(2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the last, the nly 等后或被這類詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語。He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl．他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。常見名詞：ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。And the best way t strengthen willpwer is t make it int a habit．增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself．表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞作定語(1)作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式：動(dòng)詞-ing形式、“being＋過去分詞”、過去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞-ing形式；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being＋過去分詞”；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示完成時(shí)，用過去分詞。
(2)作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式：動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞。動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表示被動(dòng)。T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I'd like yu t lk at a study cnducted in Australia in 2012．為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓你們看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV．昨天晚上，有幾百萬人觀看了開幕式的電視直播。
1．只接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree, plan, demand, prmise, prepare, decide, refuse, chse, wish, hpe, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant, waiting t be served．她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著服務(wù)員。
考點(diǎn)4　非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語
2．只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語：admit, avid, cnsider, escape(避開), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put ff, bject t, lk frward t等。此外，have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth．; have fun (in) ding sth．等結(jié)構(gòu)中也用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended．我回避提及這個(gè)話題，以免冒犯他。It's quite ht tday．D yu feel like ging fr a swim?今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？
3．接不定式與動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語意義不同的動(dòng)詞：
—That wuld mean wasting a lt f labur．——那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力?！猂eally？I dn't mean t waste any labur．——是嗎？我并沒打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。Was she wrried that I wuld stp buying the grceries if I knew the truth?她是擔(dān)憂我知道真相后會(huì)停止買食品雜貨嗎？
易錯(cuò)提示(1)動(dòng)詞want, need, require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。(2)不定式作動(dòng)詞(短語)learn, decide, knw, wnder, shw, understand, explain, teach, advise, find ut 等的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞hw, what, whether, where, when, wh等。(3)介詞后一般要接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞d，不定式要省略t。
1．不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表示將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)：advise, allw, ask, beg, cause, encurage, expect, frbid, frce, intend, invite, rder, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call n, depend n等。
考點(diǎn)5　非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)
If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely n．如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴的選擇。Having finished the prject, Tara was invited by the schl t speak t the new students．完成她的項(xiàng)目之后，塔拉被學(xué)校邀請去給新生講話。
名師點(diǎn)津(1)有些動(dòng)詞，如think, cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, understand等后常用t be作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld．中國人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb．be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。The president was reprted t have visited China．據(jù)報(bào)道，那位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)訪問了中國。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式及過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山觿?dòng)詞-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen t, feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。Listen! D yu hear smene calling fr help?聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？
(2)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。可接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen t, feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard．那位老師提高嗓門以便讓自己被聽到。
(3)使役動(dòng)詞have和get后接非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的異同點(diǎn)：①have sth．dne＝get sth．dne讓別人做某事；②have sb．/sth．ding讓……一直做某事；get sth．/sb．ding 使……開始做某事；③have sb．d sth．＝get sb．t d sth．讓某人做某事。Befre driving int the city, yu are required t get yur car washed．在開車進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車。
(4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：①“with＋賓語＋ding”表示主動(dòng)，說明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生；②“with＋賓語＋dne”表示被動(dòng)或完成；③“with＋賓語＋t d”表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The ld cuple ften take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dg fllwing them．這對老夫婦常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。
With such a shrt time left befre the deadline, it desn't seem likely that Jhn will finish the jb．截止日期之前只剩下很短的時(shí)間，約翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lt f wrk t d, she wasn't allwed t leave her ffice．由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開辦公室。
1．不定式作主語和表語(1)不定式作主語時(shí)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長，常用it作形式主語而將不定式后置。N matter hw bright a talker yu are, there are times when it's better t remain silent．無論你多么能說會(huì)道，有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。
考點(diǎn)6　非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語
(2)不定式作表語時(shí)：①表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；②當(dāng)主語是aim, purpse, idea, plan, wish, decisin, chice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語；③主語為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語多用不定式。His wish is t be a dctr in the future．他的愿望是將來當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。What I want t d mst in senir high schl is t imprve my English．我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語水平。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和表語(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語，把作真正主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste f time ding ...; It's n use/gd ding ...; It is useless ding ...; There is n pint ding ...等。Facing up t yur prblems rather than running away frm them is the best apprach t wrking things ut．直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方法。It's n use cmplaining withut taking actin．不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒有用的。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語的內(nèi)容，表語和主語常?？梢曰Q位置。My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week(＝Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb．)我的工作是每周打掃三次房子。(3)remain作系動(dòng)詞，意為“仍然是”時(shí)，后可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或過去分詞作表語；但作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“尚待……；留待……”時(shí)，后常接t be dne。
She remained standing thugh we repeatedly asked her t sit dwn．雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣埶?，但她還是站著。It remains t be seen whether the newly-frmed cmmittee's plicy can be put int practice．新成立的委員會(huì)提出的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】1．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞首先判定所給提示詞是否充當(dāng)句子的謂語，如果句子不缺少謂語，那就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。2．找邏輯主語，再判斷與動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是被修飾詞；作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語；作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。
(2)如果邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用動(dòng)詞-ing形式；如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞。但是當(dāng)含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式。
3．判斷所給動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的先后順序(1)t have dne, having dne表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前；(2)t be ding, ding表示該動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生。
Ⅰ．單句語法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ (cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry．2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (陽臺(tái)), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the _______ (fall) child．
3．(2022·全國甲卷)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi'an, as a first step ___________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路線) by ft．4．(2022·全國乙卷)“ can help t build a cmmunity with a ______ (share) future fr mankind，” he said．5．(2021·全國甲卷)It is pssible ________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters．6．(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and yu see them many times _________ (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune．
Ⅱ．語法填空The first “Windw f Chinese Bks” in Eurpe was launched n Tuesday, with an nline bk dnatin ceremny frm China's Jinling Library t Malta Libraries．The nline event 1．_________ (hld) at the Central Public Library in Flriana, Malta．Mre than 200 bks were dnated by Jinling Library, 2．_____ cver fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, histry, culture, and fd．
Bks are crucial fr the 3．________ (culture) exchange between tw cuntries and will further enhance cperatin．4．_________ (hpeful), the dnated bks will pen a new windw f understanding f Chinese culture, histry and scial develpment fr the Maltese peple．The bks 5．_____ (give) n Tuesday nt nly prvide a chance f 6．_________ (prmte) Chinese culture and turism, but als are 7．_ precius gift f friendship frm the peple f Nanjing t the Maltese peple．
Jinling Library has always fcused n using bks 8．__ a bridge t understanding f Chinese culture fr glbal 9．______ (citizen)．Jinling Library, funded in 1927, established 10．___ (it) first “Windw f Chinese Bks” verseas in Nigeria in 2013．There will be mre in the future．
Ⅲ．寫作運(yùn)用根據(jù)漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面寫作，注意非謂語動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。Dear Mr Smith，I'm writing n behalf f ur calligraphy club t 1．________________________________________________________________ (邀請您來學(xué)生活動(dòng)中心和我們一起參加一些活動(dòng)) frm 2：00 p．m．t 5：00 p．m．this weekend．
invite yu t
cme t the Student Activity Centre fr sme activities with us
2．___________________________________________ (作為中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分), calligraphy serves the purpse f 3．__________________________________________ (表達(dá)思想并表現(xiàn)線條之美)．
Being an imprtant part f traditinal Chinese culture
cnveying thughts and shwing the beauty f lines