牛津譯林版 (2019)選擇性必修 第三冊Grammar and usage說課ppt課件

這是一份牛津譯林版 (2019)選擇性必修 第三冊Grammar and usage說課ppt課件，共47頁。PPT課件主要包含了Lead-in， 引導表語從句，because，why，that，which，whether，how等內容，歡迎下載使用。
Explring the rules
What d yu knw abut the great histrian Sima Qian?
Brn in either 145 r 135 BCE, during China’s Han Dynasty, Sima Qian is “the father f Chinese histry”.
Sima Qian wrte Shi Ji,?r Recrds f the Grand Histrian.
Western schlars can further understand Chinese culture thrugh the English versin f Shiji, and the publicatin f the English versin in China can als enable Chinese schlars t pay attentin t the study f the English translatin f Shiji, thus deepening the cmmunicatin between Chinese and Western civilizatins.
Read the article n page 34 and answer the fllwing questins. 1. What is the essay abut? 2. What is the greatest achievement Sima Qian made? 3. What cntributed t Sima Qian’s success?
A Explring the rules
1. What is the essay abut? The essay is abut the great histrian Sima Qian.2. What is the greatest achievement Sima Qian made? He wrte the Shiji (Recrds f the Grand Histrian).3. What cntributed t Sima Qian’s success? His father’s influence, his learning and travelling experiences, and his perseverance.
對... ...感興趣周游全國 獲取廣泛的信息 繼他父親之后成為太史令 方便他接觸... ... 整理可用的資源 需要艱苦的努力 有效且高效地 繼續(xù)某事 被關進監(jiān)獄 身體上和精神上無論順境還是逆境
take an interest in ...
travel extensively acrss the cuntry
get a wide range f infrmatin
succeed his father as Grand Histrian
facilitate his access t ...
srt ut available resurces
Useful Expressins
require painstaking effrts
effectively and efficiently
carry n with ...
be put in prisn
physically and mentally
in gd times r bad times
Wrking ut the rules
Fcus n 基本用法
Predicative Clauses( 表語從句)
在復合句中作表語的從句叫做表語從句。位于主句的系動詞之后，對主語進行解釋、說明，使主語的內容具體化。表語從句也必須用陳述語序。
“主語+系動詞+關聯詞+表語從句”
Wrk ut the rules
We can use a nun clause as the predicative f a sentence.We can use that t intrduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (1) _________. We can use whether t intrduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (2) _____________. We can use what, why, when, where, etc. t intrduce a predicative clause when the clause is a (3) ___________.
yes-n questin
Explanatin
引導表語從句的詞有： 從屬連詞： 連接代詞： 連接副詞：
that / whether/as if /as thugh/ because
wh / whm / whse / which / what
when / where / why / hw
1. The mst imprtant thing is that we finish the final task.2. The questin is whether we can finish it in such a shrt time.3. The reasn why he was late is that he gt up late.
(1)從屬連詞: that& whether
用法歸納：a. that引導表語從句時，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/沒有意義。b. whether引導表語從句時，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻譯為“______”。注意，引導表語從句時通常不用if。
c. 注意下面這個結構：The reasn why ... is / was that ...
主語是reasn時，表語從句不能用because, 只能用that。
①麻煩是我把他的地址（address）丟了。 ②My?suggestin?is?that?we?___________(tell)?him.
The truble is that I have lst his address.
在表“建議,勸說,命令”的名詞(suggestin, advice, request, demand, prpsal, rder, 等)后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用“shuld +動詞原形”(虛擬語氣)，shuld可省略
My suggestin is that we all ___________ (take) an active part in the cming sprts meet. 2. His prpsal was that the wrk _________________ (finish) in five hurs.
(shuld) be finished
(shuld) take
whether引導一般疑問句、選擇疑問句和反義疑問句，意思是“是否”，陳述語序。 e.g. The questin is whether it is wrth ding. My dubt is whether we can get there n time.
(注意：if不能引導表語從句。)
問題是我們是否可以依賴他。
The questin is whether we can rely n him.
whether與if均為“是否”
下列情況下只用whether：
Whether he will cme is nt clear.
The questin is whether he'll cme.
I'm nt sure abut whether we'll win.
Let me knw whether yu can cme r nt.
1. 引導主語從句并在句首
3. 從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句后有“r nt”
表語從句也可以由 as if/ as thugh 引導，意思是“似乎、好像”
e.g. He lked as if he was ging t cry. It seems as thugh he desn't knw the answer.
as if/ as thugh引導的表語從句如果是事實，就用陳述語氣；如果與事實不符，就用虛擬語氣(從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去式；從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had +過去分詞；從句表示將來的可能性不大，用wuld/might/culd+動詞原形)。
e.g. He lks as if he were a rich man. He lked just?as if he had lked ten years befre.? It lks as if it might rain.
將來事實相反as if sb wuld/might/culd+d.
現在事實相反as if sb were/did sth.
過去事實相反?as if sb had dne sth.?
2. 其他從屬連詞引導表語從句時有具體的含義, whether表示是否，because 表示因為；as if/as thugh 表示好像，似乎。
注：as if/as thugh和事實相反要虛擬，規(guī)則如下： 1、如果從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時?！? 2、從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”?！　?、從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“wuld／culd／might＋動詞原形 e.g., It lks as if she were drunk. be It appears as if he hadn’t met her. nt meet
because引導的表語從句常見于"This/That/It is/was because..."句型中
e.g. He was sent t the hspital. That's because he was ill. That's because we were in need f mney at that time.
That's because…強調原因；That's why…強調結果
1) He failed the math exam. That’s __________he was t careless.2) He was t careless. That’s ______ he failed the math exam.
名詞reasn作主語時，表語從句用that而不用because或why引導
The reasn ____ he failed the math exam is _____ he was t careless.
1. I was late fr schl this mrning. That's ________ I stayed up t late last night. (果→因)2. I stayed up t late last night. That's ________ I was late fr schl this mrning. (因→果)3. The reasn _______ I was late fr schl this mrning is _______ I stayed up t late last night.
because引導的表語從句常用于“That's because…”結構中,說明產生上述結果的原因;why引導的表語從句說明由上述原因導致的某種結果。
1.that 不充當句子成分，無意義，只起連接作用
e.g., What I mean is (that) yu may have t face it. One reasn why Crystal has becme s famus is that he is very quick thinking.
e.g.,The questin is whether we shuld g n with this wrk. He says it is because he wanted t d s. It sunds as if smene is kncking at the dr.
注：as if/as thugh和事實相反要虛擬，規(guī)則如下： 1、如果從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。　 2、從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”?！　?、從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“wuld／culd／might＋動詞原形 e.g., It lks as if she were drunk. It appears as if he hadn’t met her.
3.由連接代詞wh / whm / whse / which / what引導的表語從句
連接代詞在表語從句中可充當主語、賓語、表語或定語。依據“缺什么補什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂“缺什么補什么”是指從句與連詞之間的關系。如果句子中缺主語，指人用wh，指物用what。如缺賓語，指人用whm，指物用what。如缺定語用what或which。
The prblem is will water my plants when I am away.That is I want t tell yu. Things are nt always they seem.
This museum is nt ______ it was ten years ag.
What I want t knw is rad we shuld take.
用法歸納：連接代詞引導表語從句時，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________)等。
1. She is nt wh she was.2. Exercise is what keeps us healthy.3. The winner will be whever slves that prblem.4. My part will be whatever yu give t me.
(2) 連接代詞: wh, whm, whse, which, what,whatever, whever, whichever, ...
3.由連接副詞when / where / why / hw 引導的表語從句
連接副詞在表語從句中充當狀語，可表時間、地點、原因、方式等，因此不能省略。依據“缺什么補什么”原則確定正確的連詞。所謂“缺什么補什么”是指從句與連詞之間的關系。如缺時間狀語用when；地點狀語用where。 原因狀語用why；方式狀語用hw。
e.g.,What he wnders is they can finish their wrk. This is ur basic interest lies. He was ill. That's he was sent t the hspital.
That was I was fifteen.
That’s yu are wrng.
The prblem is we can find him.
用法歸納：連接副詞引導表語從句時，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。
(3) 連接副詞：when, where, why, hw， whenever, wherever, ...
1. The huse is where Lu Xun nce lived.2. Tmrrw is when it wuld be the mst cnvenient.3. That’s hw matters stand.4. That's why yu shuld push yurself.5. The best time t start is whenever yu are ready.
4.特殊規(guī)則：特定名詞+that+（shuld）d結構
我的建議就是你做出決定之前仔細考慮一下。My advice is that yu (shuld) think it ver befre yu make a decisin.
When the subject f a sentence is a wrd like suggestin, advice, rder, demand, etc, we ften use ________________ as the verb f the predictive clause and _________can be mitted.
引導表語從句的that通常不省略, 但在口語或非正式文體中有時也可省略。
The truble is (that) he is ill. 2. My decisin is that all f us are t start at 6 'clck tmrrw mrning.
Applying the rules
Cmplete the sentences with prper linking wrds t frm predicative clauses.
1. I gt six bks frm the library. The questin is ________ ne I shuld read first!2. The truth is _____ there are many reasns why wars break ut.3. We have made it rule that visitrs must nt tuch the china vases. The prblem is ______ sme visitrs d nt pay attentin t it.
4. The museum was clsed. That was _______ we culdn’t see the histrical dcuments.5. The tw histrians disagree with each ther. The questin is __________ it is pssible t prve wh is right.6. Besides having the histry classes at schl, we als visit histric destinatins. That is _______ we learn abut imprtant events in histry.
Belw is an article abut the Shiji. Cmplete the article belw with prper linking wrds t frm predicative clauses.
In the first century BCE, Sima Qian cmplete the Shiji, which describes histrical events and figure frm the era f he Yellw Emperr in ancient legends t his wn time.Ttalling ver 520,000 Chinese characters and extending ver a perid f abut 3,000 years, the Shiji cnsists f 130 chapters in five categries. What makes this bk remarkable in cntent is (1) _______ it nt nly includes vivid descriptins f histrical figures such as emperrs, ministers r ther exceptinal figures, but als lists imprtant events in different perids. Anther thing t nte is (2) _______ it cvers advances in astrnmy, music, the calender and s n.
One f the main features f the Shiji is (3) ______ the bigraphies are presented －in the frm f stries rather than dry facts. Sima Qian was able t use a small number f wrds t describe a histrical event r figure vividly. Sme f the phrases emplyed in this bk are still in cnstant use.Even tday, the events and figures in the Shiji seem real when yu read abut them. Later histrians wrte 23 mre fficial histries in a similar frmat. Tgether with the Shiji, these were edited in the Qing Dynasty. That is (4) ______ these wrks became knwn as the Twenty-Fur Histries. They are amng the mst imprtant recrds f Chinese histry.
Questins: 1. What are included in the Shiji? 2. What is ne f the main features in the Shiji? 3. Hw did the Shiji influence the way t recrd Chinese histry in years t cme?
Intensive reading
Questin:1. What are included in the Shiji? It nt nly includes vivid descriptin f histrical figures, but als lists imprtant events in different perids. Mrever, it cvers advances in astrnmy, music, the calendar and s n.
Questin: 2. What is ne f the main features in the Shiji? Sima Qian used vivid stries instead f dry facts t present bigraphies.
Questin: 3. Hw did the Shiji influence the way t recrd Chinese histry in years t cme? Later histrians wrte 23 mre fficial histries in a similar frmat.
Write a shrt paragraph based n each f the situatins belw, using predicative clauses.
I’d like t jin yu in ding the prject n the First Wrld War, but my cncern is that I dn’t have much knwledge f it.
1. Tm is s nervus abut his histry test tmrrw. The prblem is that he gets stressed very easily whenever he takes a test. One way t stay relaxed is t keep calm and breathe deeply. Tm hpes it will help slve his prblem.
2. David’s new bk n wrld histry has sld 10,000 cpies! At first, his cncern was whether anyne wuld read his bk. Actually, it is a well-written bk that is als fun t read. The reasn why his bk has sld s many cpies is that David’s lve fr histry is represented in the way he writes abut the tpic.
The fact is _____ we shuld depend n urselves.The city is n lnger ______ it was ten years ag.The best mment fr the ftball star was ______ he scred the winning gal.This is ______ my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best. _______surprised me mst was _____ he spke Spanish s fluently.All she’s wrried abut is __________ he is all right.The mst imprtant thing is ______ we can get thrugh the difficult times.She lks _______ she were ill.
Cnslidatin
The truble was ________ we culd manage it urselves r nt.Anther unique human characteristic is _________ we walk upright.The questin, hwever, is _________ this is what the develping cuntries need the mst.The truble is _______we have n mney.Frm space, the earth lks blue. This is _______ abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.The nly reasn fr my cming is __________ I hped t see yu again.The biggest questin is _________ will take charge f the cmpany.Liberty means respnsibility. That is________ mst men dread it.