2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課件：定語從句-語法疏通

這是一份2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課件：定語從句-語法疏通，共60頁。PPT課件主要包含了知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備，定語從句，形容詞作定語，關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)，a machine，先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系，先行詞是人，先行詞是物，作主語，whom等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
什么是定語： 用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語、從句。
定語 修飾和限定名詞和代詞的詞。通常由形容詞，代詞(多為形容詞性物主代詞），數(shù)詞，介詞短語，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞和從句（定語從句）來擔(dān)當(dāng)。 a kind girl, a bk n the desk I have hmewrk t finish. the fallen leaves the by wh is very smart
定語后置：如果定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置。The girl in red is his sister.The by called Jim is my brther。The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.D yu knw the man wh spke just nw?
Which ne is Harry Prter ?
The by is Harry Prter .
定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，跟在名詞或代詞后修飾該名詞或代詞。1. 被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系代詞：wh, whm(作賓語成分）, whse, that, which 關(guān)系副詞：when（時(shí)間）, where（地點(diǎn)）,why（原因）
名詞/代詞 + 定語從句
The by _______________________ is Harry Prter .
wh is wearing glasses
一、概念:　在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.
Harry Prter is a smart by.
Harry Prter is a by wh has magic pwer.
句子作定語,修飾by, 叫做定語從句
(在主句中作定語)
限制性和非限制性非限制性定語從句前面有______
先行詞 (antecedent)
關(guān)系詞 (relative)
定語從句(attributive clause)
that, which, wh, whm, whse
where, when，why
The by wh is wearing glasses is Harry Prter .
Jin the fllwing sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.
the machine
that /which
關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上代替的就是先行詞
1.A plane is a machine that can by wh brke the windw is called by whse parents are dead was brught up by his schl where I study is far frm my hme.
the machine = that
the by’s =whse
in the schl = where
關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指
關(guān)系詞whse實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格
關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用： 1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用Eg: 1.Thse wh want t g please shuld be ready.2. Bill, wh was my student , asked me questins.
關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時(shí)指代先行詞在 定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞炙韵刃性~在定語從句中不再出現(xiàn),也不用其他詞代替
Bill is a by wh I teach him.
關(guān)系代詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
wh whm whse that which
These are the students wh / that wn the first place last year.
關(guān)系副詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞
when, where, why
Fill in the frm.
指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.The man wh came t ur schl is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whm) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whse parents are dead is called Tm. ( )4.I like the bk (which) yu bught yesterday. ( )
1. I’ve cme t the pint
I can’t stand him.
a war will
某些抽象地點(diǎn)名詞如：pint,situatin, case，stage,cnditin,ccasin，atmsphere，spt，scene, psitin，system等表示“程度，情況，情況，舞臺(tái)，條件，場合，氣氛，點(diǎn)，場景，位置，系統(tǒng)”或?yàn)閍ctivity，party等表示“活動(dòng)，聚會(huì)”意思而且作定語從句中的狀語時(shí)，其后定語從句常由where引導(dǎo)。
2. The cuntry is in the situatin break ut at any time.
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。不能省略.關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。1、When指時(shí)間，在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。 He tld me the date when(n which) he jined the Party.2、Where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ag.3、Why指原因，在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。 I knw the reasn why(fr which) she was s angry.
1. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can yu explain t me hw t use these idims with which I’m nt familiar.2. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the was funded.
The bk __________ I heard was written 20 years ag.The peple __________ the man spke weren’t listening.The film __________ I fell asleep was very bring.The pen __________ she wrte that bk can nw be seen in a museum.The little creature __________ scientists are interested is knwn as ET.The gun __________ he was sht was never fund.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.This is the car ____which I spent 100$.This is the car ____which I g t wrk every day.This is the car ______ which I can’t g t wrk.This is the car ____which the ld man was kncked dwn.This is the car ____which a by threw a stne.This is the car ______which we talked .This is the car ____which the windw was brken.
3.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：
Whse引起從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ f +關(guān)系代詞”型，即 the+ n + f +which/whm 如：eg. They live in a huse, whse dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, f which the dr pens t the suth.They lived in a huse, the dr f which pen t the suth.
1)Hangzhu is the place ______ I went last summer.2)He read the bk ___________ his sister had tld him abut.3) The reasn ______________ Peter is s happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day ____________ my father died. I was nly ten years ld at that time.5) Please give me the reasn ______ yu were late.6) I will g back t the place ______________ I grew up and live there frever.
why/ fr which
which/that/ x
When/n which
Where/in which
This is the reasn__________ he gave me. This is the reasn___________ he was late.
This is the factry ________ my father wrked. This is the factry ___________ my father visited .
Octber 1 is a day _________ we will never frget.Octber 1 is a day ______ur new China was funded.
難點(diǎn)：關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞?
關(guān)系詞在 定從中作 主語或者 賓語時(shí)
cnclusin :關(guān)系詞在 定從中作 狀語時(shí)
如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞
1.首先分清主句和定語從句2.判斷從句中缺少什么成分，若缺主語、賓語或定語則選擇關(guān)系代詞，若缺狀語，則選擇關(guān)系副詞；3.再看先行詞，指人用wh,whm,that, whse,that; 指物用 that，which。
1. wh, whm, whse, that 用法區(qū)別
① wh 作定語從句的主語或賓語.
The man wh is speaking at the meeting is a wrker.
The man is a wrker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
② whm 作定語從句的賓語
The wman whm they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The wman is a teacher.
They wanted t visit the wman.
③ that 可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.
The wman (whm / that) they wanted t visit is a teacher.
The man wh / that is speaking at the meeting is a wrker.
④ whse 作定語從句的定語 (whse既可以指人，也可以指物).
I knw the girl whse mther is a teacher.
I knw the girl.
The girl’s mther is a teacher.
I have a bk whse cver is yellw.
2. which, that 的用法
which /that 作定語從句的主語和賓語.
I like the bk (which / that) yu bught yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
which / that 指物,作主語,不能省。作賓語，可以省。
This is a bkI bught the bk yesterday.
This is the bk which/that I bught yesterday.
The dg has been fund.The dg was lst.
The dg which was lst has been fund.
① 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)
Tm is the cleverest by that I have ever knwn.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
3. 只能用that的情況
②先行詞被every, sme, n, all, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。
I’ve read all the bks that yu lend me.
③ 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, ne, few, little, n, sme, any, everything, nthing, nbdy, nne等時(shí)。
Everything that we saw in this film was true. This is all that I want frm the schl.
④ 先行詞被the nly, the very, the same, the last,nly, just, very, right, last修飾時(shí)。
1. This is the very bk that belngs t him.2. This is the very bk that I am lking fr these days.
⑤ 主句已有wh或which時(shí)
Wh is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑥ 當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)
1. I’ve never heard f the peple and things that yu talked abut just nw.2. D yu knw the things and persns that they are talking abut?
4. 只能用which的情況
This is the huse in which Luxun nce lived.
The Changjiang River, which is the lngest river in China, runs frm west t east int the sea.
* 介詞后面和逗號(hào)后面不用that
(3)先行詞是指物的that,thse She fund that which he lked fr.
(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)
(1)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語時(shí)
1.Anyne wh breaks the law is wh break the law are wh breaks the law is wh has nt been t the Great Wall is nt a true man.
?在, anyne, thse, he,that,yu,they 作先行詞時(shí)(指人）, 用”wh” 不用 “that”.
when可用in/n/at/during +which 代替
用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：
I still remember the day when (= n which) I first came t Nanjing.
My father was brn in the year when (= in which) Wrld War Ⅱ brke ut.
where可用in/n/at/t + which 代替
用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：
This is the farm where (= n which) we wrked when we were yung.
The schl where (= in which) his mther teaches is in the west f the city.
why可用fr +which 代替
用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：
There are several reasns why (= fr which) the bys shuld be punished.
Tm culdn’t give the teacher the reasn why (= fr which) he was late fr schl.
8. 非限制性定語從句
1. 非限制性定語從句的定義
非限制性定語從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)隔開。不用that 引導(dǎo)。
My watch, which is very ld, stpped again.
2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。而非限制性定語從句則不然。試比較：
This is the best bk that I have read.
This is a gd bk, which is easy t understand.
(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般用關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)。
(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。
(3)限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句則不能。
Under the big tree are 34 students, many f them cme frm Class Tw.My mther has a gd bk, which cver lks terrible.This is the very pen that yu gave it t me befre.The weather turned ut t be very gd, that was ut f ur expect.
9. As 和which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：
1. as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引導(dǎo)非限定語從句放在主句后面Eg:As is knwn t all,Taiwan belngs t China.Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引導(dǎo)非限定語從句有“正如”“ 正象”之義，而 which 沒有,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：As we all knw,as everybdy can see, as is knwn t all,as is said abve…Eg:Paper, as we all knw,was first made in China.
1. what不引導(dǎo)定語從句.what=all that I want t give yu what I have.(賓語從句）2. 先行詞被the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞既可用that, 也可用as.但意義不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同樣的”。3. 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why其含義相當(dāng)于n which/in which/fr which等可交替使用。如：The day when/n which I met him first was May 1st.4.當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或整個(gè)句子是世界上獨(dú)一無二的名詞時(shí)，一般用非限定性定語從句修飾。
5. way 后面定語從句：Please prnunce the wrd the way she des. I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessns.6. 含有定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Was it in the reading-rm where Kate met yu that yu read the magazine?It was in the lab which was in the charge f him that they did the experiment
由Wh 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語\ 賓語
1、D yu knw the man ___ is talking with yur father? A. whse B. wh C. which2、The bys ___ the teacher talked t are frm Class One. A. when B. which C. wh3、Thse ___ want t g t the museum must be at the schl gate at 7 tmrrw mrning. A. wh B. which C. whm
4. The gentleman ___ yu tld me yesterday prved t be a thief. A. wh B. abut whm C. whm5. The dctr ___ yu are lking fr is in the rm. A. whm B. what C. which6. The teacher fr ____ yu are waiting has cme. A. wh B. whm C. that
由Whm 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做賓語
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an rphan. A. which B. his C. whse 8. This bk is fr the students ___ native(本國的) language is nt English. A. that B. f whm C. whse 9. The by ___ cmpsitin wn the first prize is the yungest in the grup. A. wh B. whse C. that
由Whse 引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 在句中做定語
10、He prefers t eat the rice ___ in the suth. A. wh is grwn B. which is grwn C. when is grwn11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be fund. A. which B. wh C. what 12、The rm in ___ there are many bks is mine. A. that B. wh C. which13、This is the pen ____ he bught yesterday. A. which B. wh C. when
由Which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語\ 賓語
介詞提前時(shí)只能用 which
14. All _____ is needed is a supply f il. A. which B. that C. what15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stlen t the plice. A. which B. what C. that
先行詞是不定代詞 all, few, little, much, smething, nthing, anything只能用that引導(dǎo)
16. It’s the mst bring film ___ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whse17. This is the first car ___ arrived this mrning. A. which B. wh C. that
先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)
18. I knw all peple ___ are frm that village. A. wh B. that C. whse19. There is n water ___ is needed badly. A. which B. wh C. that20. Please take any seat ___ is free. A. which B. that C. in which
先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, n, sme 等修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)
21. That is the very bk ___ I was lking fr. A. wh B. that C. which22. After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing ___ he wns. A. wh B. that C. which
先行詞被the nly, the very, the same, the last 等修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)
23. The speaker spke f sme writers and sme bks ___ were ppular then. A. wh B. that C. which
先行詞被既有人又有物時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)
24. Wh is the wrker ___ tk sme pictures f the factry. A. wh B. that C. which
主句已有wh或which時(shí),只能用that 引導(dǎo)
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening t classical music.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg brke in a match used t be a ftball player.
4. My parents live in a huse__________ is mre than 100 years ld.
5. The by with _______ Jhn spke is my brther.
6. Kevin is reading a bk __________is t difficult fr him.
7. Is there anything ________ yu want t buy in the twn.
8.All ______ we can d is t study hard.
9. The first ne _____ stands up is a little by.
1.這就是救了那個(gè)孩子命的醫(yī)生.
This is the dctr wh saved the by’s life.
2.正在跑步的那個(gè)人是我的叔叔.
The man wh is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜歡可以隨之而唱的音樂.
I like the music that I can sing alng with.
4. 住在隔壁的那個(gè)女的是一名教師.
The wman wh lives next dr is a teacher.