人教版 (2019)選擇性必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 1 People of Achievement學(xué)案及答案

這是一份人教版 (2019)選擇性必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 1 People of Achievement學(xué)案及答案，共17頁(yè)。學(xué)案主要包含了尋技巧·提能力，詞塊積累，即學(xué)活用，易混辨析，補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練，巧學(xué)助記，知識(shí)延伸，句式解構(gòu)等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
?Unit 1　People of Achievement
Reading and Thinking
詞匯知識(shí)·自主學(xué)習(xí)
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出正確的單詞
1. a crucial new treatment for malaria一種重要的瘧疾新療法
2. a vital part of the treatment 治療的關(guān)鍵部分
3. a committed and patient scientist一個(gè)盡心盡力且耐心的科學(xué)家
4. commit myself to study hard我保證努力學(xué)習(xí)
5. the prime objective主要目的
6. academic career學(xué)歷; 學(xué)業(yè)
7. boil for 20 minutes 煮沸20分鐘
8. traditional botanical treatments傳統(tǒng)的植物療法
9. evaluate the result of the experiment評(píng)估實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果
10. protect my property保護(hù)我的財(cái)產(chǎn)
11. have some distinct advantages 有一些明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)
12. take in plenty of liquid攝入大量液體
13. obtain approval 獲得批準(zhǔn)
14. acknowledge defeat承認(rèn)失敗
15. analyse the medical texts分析醫(yī)學(xué)文本
16. apparently lost in thought顯然陷入了沉思
17. a chemical substance一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)
18. insist on testing the medicine堅(jiān)持測(cè)試藥物
19. China’s scientific research中國(guó)的科學(xué)研究
20. mostly consist of sand 主要由沙子組成
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、副詞填空
1. The 2019 Nobel Prize for Physics was won by three scientists for their work on understanding our universe. (on/for)
2. An apple four hundred years ago led to the law of gravity while the apple designed by Steve Jobs has changed our life greatly. (to/in)
3. Two years ago, one of my close relatives died from stomach cancer. (from/on)?
4. You should not mention it in the beginning, or it will give away the surprising ending. (of/in)
5. I met a friend of mine in the street by chance yesterday. (of/by)
6. It’s important to draw out a child’s potential capacities. (out/up)
7. She insisted on seeing us off at the airport. (of/on)
8. Upon hearing the news of his winning, I offered my congratulations to him on the phone. (With/Upon)
Ⅲ. 根據(jù)課文及漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria(旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)新型抗瘧疾療法), and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. ?
2. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common(在那里瘧疾更常見(jiàn)), to study malaria patients. ?
3. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using (建議使用)the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. ?
4. Using a lower temperature to draw out (用較低的溫度提取)the extract, she found a substance that worked. ?
5. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(大部分受試患者都康復(fù)了). ?

根據(jù)給出的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則寫(xiě)出下列單詞
1. -ic常用作形容詞后綴, 表示“……的”
academy n. →academic adj. 學(xué)業(yè)的, 學(xué)術(shù)的
history n. →historic adj. 歷史的
economy n. →economic adj. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的
scene n. → scenic adj. 風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的?
strategy n. →strategic adj. 戰(zhàn)略的
2. 名詞之后加-cal可轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞
botany n. →botanical adj. 植物學(xué)的
biology n. → biological adj. 生物學(xué)的?
magic n. → magical adj. 魔術(shù)的
logic n. →logical adj. 邏輯的
music n. →musical adj. 音樂(lè)的
閱讀精析·合作學(xué)習(xí)
　Task 1　框架宏觀建構(gòu): 整體理解?
1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanks

2. What is the text type of the passage?
A. Biography. 　　 B. Novel.
C. Poetry. D. News report.
答案: D
3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
The passage is mainly about the report of Tu Youyou’s winning the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine and how she together with her team discovered artemisinin. ?
【尋技巧·提能力】
描述性詞匯主要是指形容人或物的名詞、形容詞或副詞。本文中的描述性詞匯主要有discovery, crucial, vital, committed, apparently, standard, team effort, honour等。
　Task 2　文本微觀剖析: 細(xì)節(jié)探究?
1. Choose the best answer.
(1)Why was Tu Youyou awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine?
A. Because she was a committed and patient scientist.
B. Because she saved 100, 000 lives in Africa.
C. Because she discovered a new treatment for malaria.
D. Because she graduated from Peking University.
(2)How old was Tu Youyou when she won the Nobel Prize?
A. 80. 　　　B. 81. 　　　C. 82. 　　　D. 84.
(3)Who helped Tu Youyou discover the life-saving medicine—artemisinin?
A. Her team members. 　　　 B. The government.
C. Her malaria patients. D. Other scientists.
(4)What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Tu owes the honour only to her team.
B. Tu thinks the honour only belongs to herself.
C. China shouldn’t develop western medicine.
D. China should develop traditional Chinese medicine.
答案: (1)～(4)CDAD
2. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
Tu Youyou
Time
Events
1930
Born in (1)Ningbo
1955
(2)Graduated from Peking University Medical School
After
graduation
(3)Worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
1967
Was chosen to (4)establish a team to discover a new treatment for malaria
1969
Became the (5)head of the project in Beijing
(6)1971
Found the medicine called artemisinin
(7)2015
Was awarded Nobel Prize for (8)Physiology or Medicine
3. Long sentence analysis.
(1)This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (主語(yǔ)) has been awarded to(謂語(yǔ))Tu Youyou (co-winner)(賓語(yǔ)), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin (定語(yǔ)從句), a crucial new treatment for malaria(同位語(yǔ)). ?
譯文: 今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了屠呦呦(共同獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?, 她的研究引起了青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn), 這是一種至關(guān)重要的治療瘧疾的新方法。?
(2)From their research(方式狀語(yǔ)), they (主語(yǔ)) discovered and tested (謂語(yǔ)) 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments(賓語(yǔ)) that showed promise in the fight against malaria (定語(yǔ)從句). ?
譯文: 通過(guò)研究, 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測(cè)試了380種不同的有望戰(zhàn)勝瘧疾的古代中醫(yī)療法。
(3)She analysed the medical texts again(并列分句一), and by chance, she found one sentence(并列分句二) suggesting a different way(定語(yǔ)一, 修飾sentence) to treat the wormwood. (定語(yǔ)二, 修飾way)?
譯文: 她再次分析了醫(yī)藥文獻(xiàn), 偶然間, 她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一句話(huà), 建議用另一種方法來(lái)處理青蒿。
　Task 3　閱讀思維升華: 主題實(shí)踐?
1. What did Tu Youyou do when their project got stuck? (Critical Thinking批判性思維)
She didn’t acknowledge defeat and continued her research until they succeeded in 1971. ?
2. How did Tu Youyou find the substance that worked? (Creative Thinking創(chuàng)造性思維)
She used a lower temperature to draw out the extract. ?
3. Why is artemisinin an important discovery? (Logical Thinking邏輯性思維)
Because it is an effective treatment for malaria and has saved millions of people’s lives. ?
要點(diǎn)精研·探究學(xué)習(xí)
1. commit vt. 承諾; 保證(某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)
* He would not commit himself in any way.
他無(wú)論如何都不愿做出承諾。
*He committed himself to the project, and his efforts paid off.
他全心投入這項(xiàng)工程, 他的努力有了回報(bào)。
*Commit to your plan and follow it through.
忠于你的計(jì)劃并將其進(jìn)行到底。
*The company is committed to expanding the product development of the market.
公司現(xiàn)致力于將產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)發(fā)展擴(kuò)大。
*He made a commitment to his parents: living with them after retirement.
他對(duì)父母做出了一個(gè)承諾: 退休后同他們一起生活。
【詞塊積累】
(1)commit oneself (to do sth. ) 　承諾(做某事)
commit oneself to sth. 全身心投入/致力于某事
commit to sth. /sb. 忠于某事/某人
(2)committed adj. 盡心盡力的; 堅(jiān)定的, 堅(jiān)信的
be committed to sth. /doing sth. 專(zhuān)心于(做)某事
(3)commitment n. 委托, 承諾
make a commitment to sb. 向某人承諾
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①Should you accept my application, I would spare no effort to commit myself (I) to your satisfaction. ?
②You should be committed to taking (take) care of your grandmother.
(2)They are earnest learners and committed to work. ?
他們是認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)者, 并且忠于職守。
2. evaluate vt. 評(píng)價(jià); 評(píng)估
*The teacher evaluated the performance of each student.
教師對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)做出了評(píng)價(jià)。
*First of all, they think this kind of evaluation will encourage teachers to improve their teaching skills.
首先, 他們認(rèn)為這種評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)教師改進(jìn)他們的教學(xué)手段。
*In this paper we suggested a number of evaluative measures to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines.
在本文中, 我們提出了一些評(píng)價(jià)措施來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)搜索引擎的有效性。
【詞塊積累】
evaluate the performance 　　 評(píng)價(jià)表現(xiàn)
evaluation n. 評(píng)價(jià)
evaluative adj. 評(píng)價(jià)的
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)After tracking and evaluating (evaluate) students’ exam results, the teacher committed an evaluation report.
(2)It is well-known that she has done quantities of charity devotion, and it’s hard to evaluate (evaluate) her just as a singer. ?
(3)The key approaches to be used in test and evaluation (evaluate) have been proven right.
3. obtain vt. (尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得, 贏得
vi. (規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在; 流行
*Only with firm determination will we obtain such change.
只有帶著堅(jiān)定信念我們才能取得這樣的改變。
*The following information was obtained from a company’s financial statements.
以下信息來(lái)自一家公司的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表。
【詞塊積累】
be obtained from　　　從……中得到
【易混辨析】
acquire v. 多指經(jīng)過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等, 也可表示對(duì)財(cái)物等的獲得, 該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“一經(jīng)獲得就會(huì)長(zhǎng)期持有”的含義。
attain v. 指經(jīng)過(guò)不懈的努力獲得未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果; 也可指達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)。
obtain v. 獲得, 買(mǎi)到, 用于正式語(yǔ)體中。
gain v. 指通過(guò)較大努力獲得某種利益或好處; 亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等。
earn v. 掙得, 贏得, 指因工作等而得到報(bào)酬或待遇。
achieve v. 得到, 獲得, 多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。
【補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練】
用上述同義詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
(2)The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.
(3)I have obtained that book until now. ?
(4)An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.
(5)How much do you earn a week?
(6)The movie star achieved success and wealth.
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①He obtained (obtain)the property with a bank loan.
②The scientist obtained a substance from the experiment.
(2)He always managed to obtain what he wanted (得到他想要的東西). ?
4. acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等); (公開(kāi))感謝
*We acknowledge him as a genius.
我們承認(rèn)他是個(gè)天才。
*You have to acknowledge that it’s your own fault.
你必須承認(rèn)這是你自己的過(guò)錯(cuò)。
*We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help. 我們寄些錢(qián)給您以感謝您的寶貴幫助。
【詞塊積累】
(1)be acknowledged as. . . 　被認(rèn)為是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that. . . 普遍認(rèn)為……
(2)acknowledgement n. 承認(rèn), 感謝
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged (acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 　?
(2)I started to acknowledge failure as exactly what it is: an unavoidable part of everyone’s life—nothing more and nothing less.
(3)The flowers were a small acknowledgement(acknowledge) of your kindness.
(4)Many people acknowledged (acknowledge) that he was hard-working and fortunate as well.
5. defeat n. 失敗; 挫敗vt. 擊敗; 戰(zhàn)勝
*Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
屠呦呦不會(huì)輕易認(rèn)輸?shù)摹?br /> *He declared that we were to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time.
他宣布: 我們遲早會(huì)打敗那些企圖撕裂世界的人。
*This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day.
這就是如今大多數(shù)高中生每天遭受失敗的原因。
*These setbacks should not be acknowledged as defeat, however.
但是, 這些挫折不能被看作失敗。
【詞塊積累】
take defeat　　　　　 接受失敗
suffer defeat 遭受失敗
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)Nian was defeated (defeat), and from then on, the color red has been considered to bring good luck and good fortune to all. ?
(2)Most of you really believe that the way you get what you do want is to defeat (defeat) what you do not want. ?
(3)Hitler refused to acknowledge the fact that he himself was defeated (defeat) by the people in the end. ?
6. analyse vt. 分析
*(2019·北京高考)Is the main purpose of the passage to analyse the composition of the ocean food chain?
這篇文章的主要目的是分析海洋食物鏈的組成嗎?
*On the one hand, everyone possibly makes mistakes, on the other hand, not all analytical mistakes are equal.
一方面, 每個(gè)人都有可能犯錯(cuò)誤; 另一方面, 分析方面的錯(cuò)誤并不是都一樣。
*I know a good world is possible if we leave emotion aside and just work analytically .
我知道一個(gè)美好的世界是可能的, 如果我們將情緒放在一邊, 只是理性地進(jìn)行分析。
*Could you tell me some more about your market analysis that has just been fulfilled recently?
請(qǐng)你多告訴我一些你們近來(lái)剛剛完成的市場(chǎng)分析好嗎?
【詞塊積累】
analysis 　　n. 分析; 分解; 驗(yàn)定(復(fù)數(shù)為: analyses)
analytical　　 adj. 分析的; 解析的; 善于分析的
analytically adv. 分析地; 解析地
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①The fact is, most students should have chance are not taught how to think analytically (analyse) and critically.
②We should make a concrete analysis (analyse) of each specific question.
③The main thing for us is we do need to analyse (analyse) our position and ask ourselves: How can we improve? ?
④Those who have worked with him say he is calm, analytical (analyse) and open-minded.
(2)More recently it has been joined by newest techniques that go beyond what you say, and analyse how you say it. ?
最近人們?cè)诶锩婕尤肓俗钚录夹g(shù), 不但能知道你說(shuō)了什么, 還能分析你是怎么說(shuō)的。
7. insist vi. & vt. 堅(jiān)持; 堅(jiān)決要求
*(2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷) But she insists on us eating healthy food.
但她堅(jiān)持要我們吃健康的食物。
*Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
盡管他所有的朋友都責(zé)備他, 但他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他沒(méi)做錯(cuò)任何事。
*My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first.
媽媽強(qiáng)烈要求我先把我的房間打掃干凈。
【詞塊積累】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 　堅(jiān)持(做)某事
insist that. . .
(1)堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/認(rèn)為……(從句內(nèi)容表示一個(gè)事實(shí), 從句謂語(yǔ)按實(shí)際需要選擇時(shí)態(tài))
(2)強(qiáng)烈要求/堅(jiān)持……(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形, should可以省略)
【巧學(xué)助記】
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Mr Smith insisted that he (should)be put into prison.
由于堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為湯姆偷了他的小汽車(chē), 史密斯先生強(qiáng)烈要求把他關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
【知識(shí)延伸】
insist on的同義表達(dá)還有: stick to, persist in
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
John insisted on paying (pay) for lunch today.
(2)He insisted that he was right, so he insisted that his plan be carried out at once. ?
他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對(duì)的, 因此他堅(jiān)持立即實(shí)施他的計(jì)劃。
8. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”?
當(dāng)聽(tīng)到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí), 屠呦呦說(shuō): “榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我自己。”
【句式解構(gòu)】在本句中, “介詞upon+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ), 用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。upon還可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞on, 表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生。這種用法常見(jiàn)于正式的文體, 依據(jù)語(yǔ)境, 可譯作“在……的時(shí)候; 當(dāng)……時(shí); 一……就……”。
*Upon realizing the importance of environmental protection, our government takes effective measures to manage it.
一意識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性, 我們的政府就采取了有效的治理措施。
*Upon their return to the country, the girls of the volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排姑娘們一回國(guó), 就收到了贊譽(yù)和鮮花。
*Upon finishing it, Cao Xueqin was struck by the feeling that A Dream of Red Mansions was the best work he had ever written.
完成這部作品時(shí), 曹雪芹就感到《紅樓夢(mèng)》是他寫(xiě)過(guò)的最好的著作了。
“一……就……”的句型小結(jié)
(1)As soon as/Once/When+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, +主句
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, +主句
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, +主句
(4)On/Upon+動(dòng)名詞/名詞, +主句
(5)No sooner had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞. . . +than+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:
*No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他剛到家, 就被要求出另一次差。
(6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞. . . +when+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:
*Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow.
她剛出門(mén), 天就開(kāi)始下雪了。
(7)At the sight/thought/mention of+名詞, +主句:
*At the sight of him, I remember my brother who is working in Shanghai.
看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)I will go there directly (direct) I have finished my breakfast.
(2)The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.
(3)As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
(4)Each time he came to Harbin, he could call on me.
(5)Whenever (when) that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he is about to tell lies.
(6)Upon arriving/arrival (arrive) at the office, our English teacher began to get down to his work.
【要點(diǎn)拾遺】
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有區(qū)別的
*Her singing style is quite distinct from mine.
她的演唱風(fēng)格與我的截然不同。
*California has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA.
加州有著美國(guó)最具多元文化的州的榮譽(yù)。
【詞塊積累】
distinct from　 與……不同
distinctly 明顯地; 無(wú)疑地, 確實(shí)地
distinction 區(qū)別, 差別; 特性; 榮譽(yù), 勛章
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①He is fair to us without distinction (distinct).
②The students’ achievements are heightened distinctly(distinct).
(2)If something is distinct from something else of the same type, it is different or separate from it. ?
如果某物不同于同類(lèi)型的另一物, 則表示不同或分開(kāi)。
2. conclusion n. 結(jié)論; 推論
*Over the years I’ve come to the conclusion that she’s a very great musician.
這些年來(lái), 我得出的結(jié)論是她是一位非常偉大的音樂(lè)家。
*He concluded his class with a funny story.
他以一個(gè)有趣的故事結(jié)束了他的課。
*To conclude, I wish you a Happy New Year.
總之, 祝你們新年快樂(lè)。
【詞塊積累】
(1)conclude 　　　　　　 v. 推斷出, 得出結(jié)論; (使)結(jié)束, 終止
conclude. . . with. . . 　　 以……結(jié)束……
conclude from. . . that. . . 從……中得出結(jié)論
to conclude 最后, 總之
(2)in conclusion 最后, 總之
come to the conclusion 得出結(jié)論
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)It is an apparently ideal way to conclude (conclude) a season of summer reading. ?
(2)I wonder who make this decision and how they come to their conclusion (conclude).
(3)(2019·北京高考)They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent.
(4)We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.
(5)To conclude, what he said makes sense.
(6) I conclude from your statements that you’re not in favor.
3. apparently adv. 顯而易見(jiàn); 看來(lái); 顯然
*(2020?全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)The kids apparently know the truth.
孩子們顯然知道真相。
*It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
從面容上就可以看出她確實(shí)心煩意亂。
【詞塊積累】
It is/was apparent that. . . 　　　　　很顯然……
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①Apple has apparently (apparent) registered for trademarks for each of those names.
②It was apparent (apparent) to everyone that he was angry.
(2)To understand this tale, we have to start with an apparent mystery. ?
要了解這個(gè)故事, 我們必須從一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的謎團(tuán)開(kāi)始。
(3)I think that is true, though it wasn’t apparent to me then. ?
我認(rèn)為那是真的, 盡管當(dāng)時(shí)我并不清楚。
4. crucial adj. 至關(guān)重要的; 關(guān)鍵性的
*(2019·江蘇高考)We can learn from the passage that making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
我們能從這篇文章中學(xué)到, 做出正確的職業(yè)選擇對(duì)個(gè)人成功至關(guān)重要。
*Our Party have found two issues of crucial importance: development and ecology.
我們黨已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題: 發(fā)展和生態(tài)。
*This type of questioning puts responsibilities on the clients to explain what they want, which is crucial.
這樣的提問(wèn)可以把責(zé)任放到客戶(hù)身上, 讓他們解釋自己需要什么, 這很重要。
*Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company.
簽訂此項(xiàng)合同我們公司的前途至關(guān)重要。
【詞塊積累】
crucial to/for sth. 　 至關(guān)重要的; 決定性的
crucially 關(guān)鍵地; 至關(guān)重要地
【即學(xué)活用】(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①And, crucially (crucial), are there any praising techniques that can be shown to be effective?
②It is beyond doubt that Africa is absolutely crucial (crucially) for China’s energy strategy.
(2)Broadly speaking, there are three crucial factors (三個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素)to consider. ?
(3)The next 10 weeks is a crucial period (重要時(shí)期) in your baby’s development when all of his organs will form. ?
5. objective n. 目標(biāo); 目的 adj. 客觀的
*(2019·天津高考)The author’s view on factual reading is that it would provide true and objective information.
作者對(duì)事實(shí)性閱讀的觀點(diǎn)是它將提供真實(shí)和客觀的信息。
*We’ll try to look at the issue objectively, from the standpoint of the IT professional.
我們?cè)噲D從 IT 專(zhuān)業(yè)人員的角度客觀地看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
*If she does not object to it, why should we?
如果她不反對(duì), 我們?yōu)槭裁匆磳?duì)?
*We have/take an objection to teaming up with them.
我們反對(duì)/不贊成和他們合作。
【詞塊積累】
(1)object to sb. /sb. ’s doing sth. 　 反對(duì)某人做某事
(2)have/take an objection to doing sth. 反對(duì)做某事
raise an objection to doing sth. 對(duì)做某事提出異議
【近義拓展】
intention/purpose/sake/target/goal
【即學(xué)活用】(1)用objective的適當(dāng)形式填空。
①Those who object to this advice typically see no reason to define or account for system behavior.
②Only in this way can these strategic objectives of active defense be realized.
(2)Hey, dear, do you know the next exam objective (考試目標(biāo))of mine? 666! What is yours? ?
6. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
用較低的溫度提取提取物, 她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。
【句式解構(gòu)】
句中“Using a lower temperature to. . . extract”是v. -ing分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。v. -ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、方式、伴隨等。
*Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí), 他們都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
*Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
沿著通向郊外的小道前進(jìn), 你將會(huì)走到一片密林處。
*Mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide.
田鼠從田野里跑出來(lái)尋找藏身之處。
【即學(xué)活用】
(1)語(yǔ)法填空。
①Standing (stand) at the foot of a high mountain, a person will find himself very small.
②But later, people developed a way of printing, using (use) rocks.
(2)Most of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. ?
因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng), 那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著。
7. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. ?
1967年, 中國(guó)政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍, 屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。
【句式解構(gòu)】
該句是一個(gè)由and連接而成的并列復(fù)合句。介詞短語(yǔ)with the objective. . . 作第一個(gè)分句的狀語(yǔ), 表示目的。短語(yǔ)中的objective也可用aim/purpose/goal等替換。第二個(gè)分句中chosen是過(guò)去分詞用作定語(yǔ), 修飾the first researchers。
*Tu Youyou tried a second time with the aim of finding out the proper material to cure malaria.
屠呦呦又試了一次, 希望能找到治愈瘧疾的合適物質(zhì)。
*Chairman Mao came here with the purpose of inspecting an important task carried out.
毛主席來(lái)這里是為了檢查一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)的執(zhí)行情況。
*When crossing the river, the Red Army take care not to touch the trees newly planted by the river.
渡河的時(shí)候, 紅軍戰(zhàn)士小心翼翼, 以防碰到了河邊新種的樹(shù)木。
*With great care, the 3-year-old boy put away the books newly distributed at school yesterday.
這個(gè)三歲大的男孩小心翼翼地收起來(lái)昨天在學(xué)校新發(fā)的書(shū)。

with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), 在英語(yǔ)句子中是一個(gè)很常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象。至于其所作狀語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型, 我們需要根據(jù)句子上下文意思和其具體的語(yǔ)法功能來(lái)判斷。有時(shí), 復(fù)雜的with介詞短語(yǔ)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):
With homework finished, he went out to play basketball.
轉(zhuǎn)換為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):
Homework finished, he went out to play basketball.
【即學(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空。
(1)With a long way to go (go), we should not take it too slightly. ?
(2)With a hope of entering (enter) Peking University, the boy works hard day and night.
(3)We are eager to see the 5G era coming, when we can see many products newly invented (invention) come into use.
(4)My close friend Li Hua is planning to apply for the 2022 Olympic volunteer position issued (issue) on the newspaper last week.
拓視野·觀天下
1. Over the years, Wang has been committed to people-to-people exchanges between China and Japan.
多年來(lái), 王一直致力于中日人文交流。
2. The aim of this report is to evaluate public eye health, predict potential diseases and give guidance on better health management.
這個(gè)報(bào)告的目的是評(píng)估公眾眼部健康, 預(yù)測(cè)潛在疾病, 并為更好的健康管理提供指導(dǎo)。
3. Surrounded by the mountains and the sea, Yantai is blessed with a picturesque landscape and four distinct seasons.
被山和海包圍著, 煙臺(tái)得天獨(dú)厚的風(fēng)景如畫(huà), 四季分明。
4. “When talking about this, big Chinese companies with good technology like Huawei, Alibaba, Tencent and Xiaomi will jump into your mind, we have to acknowledge it, ” he said.
“當(dāng)談到此事時(shí), 你會(huì)想到華為、阿里巴巴、騰訊和小米等擁有優(yōu)良技術(shù)的中國(guó)大公司, 我們必須承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn), ”他說(shuō)。
5. Zhong Nanshan concluded that the novel coronavirus could be transmitted between humans, stressed strict prevention and control efforts, and led the work in drafting COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment plans.
鐘南山總結(jié)說(shuō)新型冠狀病毒可以在人們之間傳播, 強(qiáng)調(diào)嚴(yán)格防控并牽頭擬定新冠肺炎診療方案。