語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句課件-2022屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪專題

這是一份語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句課件-2022屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪專題，共58頁(yè)。
[考綱解讀·定方向]
定語(yǔ)從句是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，也是必考點(diǎn)之一，語(yǔ)法填空主要考查關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選用，故分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，搞清定語(yǔ)從句部分缺少何種成分至關(guān)重要。1. 語(yǔ)法填空考查形式均為無(wú)提示詞型填空。2. 短文改錯(cuò)主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用。3. 定語(yǔ)從句的重要性還體現(xiàn)在書面表達(dá)上，它屬于高級(jí)句式，對(duì)提升文章的檔次起著舉足輕重的作用。
定語(yǔ)從句的概念
定 1. He is a handsme man and I never get him frever. 主 系 表 He is a handsme man that I never get frever. 主 系 表 定 2. Yu are the mst beautiful girl. Yu are the mst beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
1．定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。The by wh is reading needs the pen which yu bught yesterday. 2．先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞或句子叫先行詞，作先行詞的可以是：一個(gè)詞(通常是名詞，也可以是代詞)This is the place which is wrth visiting.He laughs best wh laughs last.
3．關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有三大作用：代指先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。Beijing, which is the capital city f China, is a very beautiful city.4．先行詞與關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系(1)關(guān)系代詞wh, that, which實(shí)際上是先行詞的替代詞A plane is a machine that can fly.(that＝a machine)The by wh brke the windw is called Tm.(wh＝the by)(2)關(guān)系代詞whse實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格The by whse parents were dead was brught up by his grandfather.(whse＝the by's)(3)關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是“介詞＋先行詞”The schl where I study is far frm my hme. (where＝in the schl)
判斷定語(yǔ)從句：I knw that he is an intelligent and hard-wrking by.That he passed the driving test made us very happy.This is the card which/that I’ve just received.
翻譯句子：1.誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。_______________________________________________________________2.她再婚了，這是始料未及的。_______________________________________________________________
關(guān)系代詞：that、which、wh、whm、whse、as關(guān)系副詞：when、where、why
閱讀下面句子并說(shuō)明引導(dǎo)詞指代什么并說(shuō)出其在定語(yǔ)從句中所做的成分。1.The peple wh called yesterday want t buy the authr(whm)yu criticized has written a letter in yu knw the girl whse father is a dctr?4.The persn that yu talked abut just nw is Mr is a game which is liked by mst was late fr wrk again this mrning，which made the bss is knwn t all，China is the biggest develping cuntry in the wrld.
用法區(qū)別(一)關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別1、 只用that的情況(1) I can still remember the teacher and his lessns that give me a mst lasting impressin.(2) The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.This is the mst interesting film that I have seen.(3)Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr. Li said?(4)Wh is the man that is standing there?They secretly built a small factry，which prduced things that culd cause pllutin.
總結(jié)：(1)當(dāng)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)。(2)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，the nly，the last，the very(恰恰，正好，any，few，little，n，all或有形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞，或先行詞被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。all、everything、smething、anything、nthing、nne、the ne等。(4)當(dāng)主句是以which或wh開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，或有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句已經(jīng)由which引導(dǎo)時(shí)。
2、只用which的情況(1) This is the schl in which I studied 10 years ag.(2) The meeting was put ff，which was actually what we wanted.總結(jié)：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which(指人時(shí)用whm)。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中指物的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。
[實(shí)例體驗(yàn)一]1．(2018·天津卷)Kate，________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege，has gne t wrk in Australia.2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram ____________ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，____________has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels，wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
4．(2017·北京卷)The little prblems____________we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.5．(四川卷)The bks n the desk，____________ cvers are shiny，are prizes fr us.
二. 限制性和非限制性?1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句它是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如果關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞通?？梢允÷浴 yu knw the girl wh just came in?Shanghai is a city (that)I've always wanted t visit.The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult perid f my life.2．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句它只是對(duì)先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切，書寫時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that引導(dǎo)。The ld wman, wh lives n her wn, has a cat fr cmpany.Beijing, which is the capital city f China, is a very beautiful city.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)先行詞不是主句中的某個(gè)詞而是整個(gè)主句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which或as，但二者的用法也有區(qū)別。（1）位置區(qū)別 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般跟在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的從句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中間。 I failed again in the match，which was a great pity.As we had expected，he ppsed the plan.
（2）意思區(qū)別 which通常意為“這；這一點(diǎn)”，as通常表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度、看法、解釋等，意為“正如”。 He sld his bicycle，which surprised me.As we knw，smking is harmful t ur health.＝Smking is harmful t ur health，as we knw.
（3）which引導(dǎo)的此類定語(yǔ)從句，與前面的主句往往存在著“因果”邏輯關(guān)系，主句為“因”，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示“果”。 Jim is addicted t cmputer games，which upsets his parents very much.
[名師指津]　當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)式謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用as引導(dǎo)。The air quality in the city，as is shwn in the reprt，has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
[實(shí)例體驗(yàn)二]1．(2017·天津卷)My eldest sn，____________wrk takes him all ver the wrld，is in New Yrk at the mment.2．(江蘇卷)The number f smkers, ____________ is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
I still remember the day when(n which)I first came t this schl.This is the small village where(in which)he was brn.The reasn why(fr which)he refused the invitatin is nt clear.
[實(shí)例體驗(yàn)三]1．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s，________ I was the first Western TV ．(天津卷)The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ____________ his emplyees enjy their wrk.3．(2019·青島二模)The reasn ____________ we have t grw trees is that they can supply fresh air fr us.
四. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.He was generus with his time,fr which I was grateful.(be grateful fr)2.He was the man n whm yu can depend.(depend n)3.This is the factry in which he has written a bk whse name I’ve frgtten. whse+n=n+f+which= He has written a bk the name f which I’ve frgtten.知識(shí)是我們借以實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的翅膀。(with表示用某種手段、工具)
“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的2個(gè)考查點(diǎn) (1)考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whm，指物時(shí)常用which。 (2)考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；D yu knw the girl with/t whm the teacher talked just nw？(talk作“交談”講時(shí)，常與with或t搭配)句子意思表達(dá)的需要。Knwledge is the wings with which we realize ur dreams.
2．“介詞＋which＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。常見(jiàn)的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有：during which time在此期間　at which time在這時(shí)at which pint在這一時(shí)刻 fr which reasn由于這個(gè)原因in which case在這一情況下Mther is preparing lunch, during which time children are playing utside.媽媽在準(zhǔn)備午餐，在此期間，孩子們?cè)谕饷嫱?。The newly-built gym, the walls f _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard study.新建成的體育館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)真是一個(gè)安靜的去處，特別是在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)后。He has ten cusins, the yungest f ______ is very clever.他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。
[實(shí)例體驗(yàn)四]1．(2017·江蘇卷)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme，ne f ____________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.2．(浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears，nne f ____________ has been prved.3．(江蘇卷)Many yung peple，mst f ____________ were well-educated，headed fr
1．(2017·江蘇高考改編)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f ________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.2．(2016·6月浙江高考改編)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ______ has been prved.3．(2015·安徽高考改編)Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn ________schl educatin depends.4．(2015·重慶高考)He wrte many children's bks, nearly half f ________ were published in the 1990s.5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish.________________
[實(shí)例體驗(yàn)五]1．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Maybe yu have a habit ____________ is driving yur family crazy.2．(2019·河南、河北七所名校聯(lián)考)The shelter，____________ is designed fr the thusands f traders and shppers at Bangkk's night market，has becme an attractin itself.
[典例1](2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners ____________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.[典例2](2018·江蘇卷)Self-driving is an area____________China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.[典例3]①They live in a small huse，in frnt f ____________ stands an range tree.②They live in a small huse，and in frnt f ____________ stands an range tree.[典例4]①The ld man has three sns，nne f ____________ is a dctr.②The ld man has three sns，but nne f ____________ is a dctr.