2020屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)教師用書(shū)：2020屆老高考英語(yǔ)二輪對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)：第三板塊第三部分第四講說(shuō)明文

Cloze 1(2019·衡水二摸)As a child，I was always told to“eat my greens”．These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.Peas，and green beans，all looked and tasted __1__.Let's face it，when there were so many other delicious treats to __2__，why eat boring vegetables?Since then my taste buds have __3__ and I'm also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables.But we still need __4__ of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us.In the UK，a campaign has been __5__ for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”—five portions of fruit and vegetables.That's __6__ evidence has shown there are significant health __7__ to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily __8__，partly because I have a sweet __9__ and vegetables are，well，tasteless.Researchers have been __10__ how to make eating vegetables more __11__.They analysed the psychology behind our food __12__ and found that most of us are __13__ by taste.Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people __14__to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.”In Europe，a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to __15__ more  vegetables.Project leader，Professor Heather Hartwell believes in __16__ encouraging people into eating the right things.One idea has been to put a __17__ of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a __18__ about buying something from the fruit store after looking at the picture.She says，“Choice is a really __19__ thing.But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.”Certainly，eating“twisted citrus-glazed carrots”does sound tempting，even if it just __20__ like a carrot，but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our health.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 蔬菜對(duì)健康有益——這是一個(gè)眾人皆知的道理。然而，我們有時(shí)候會(huì)因?yàn)槠珢?ài)其他食物的口味而對(duì)吃青菜感到很不情愿。本文探討一項(xiàng)旨在提倡人們多吃青菜的研究，并介紹一些商家用來(lái)吸引顧客購(gòu)買(mǎi)蔬菜的銷(xiāo)售技巧。1．A.disgusting　　　 B．deliciousC．ripen  D．sweet解析：A　[根據(jù)上一句“These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.”，說(shuō)那些討厭的蔬菜總是散落在我的盤(pán)子邊上。可知是說(shuō)這些蔬菜不好吃，令人厭惡的。句意：長(zhǎng)相惡心的豌豆、西蘭花和青豆吃起來(lái)也很惡心(disgusting)。]2．A.buy  B．prepareC．offer  D．enjoy解析：D　[根據(jù)“there were so many other delicious treats”可知是美味在前，是享受(enjoy)。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：有那么多好吃的食物，為什么還吃那些難吃的蔬菜呢？]3．A.appeared  B．developedC．existed  D．shrank解析：B　[句意：從那以后，我的味蕾就發(fā)展(即改變)了，我還充分意識(shí)到了吃新鮮蔬菜對(duì)健康的益處。]4．A.reminding  B．informingC．warning  D．talking解析：A　[句意：remind提醒；inform通知；warn警告；talk談?wù)?。根?jù)上一句“benefits of eating fresh vegetables”蔬菜的好處，可知是時(shí)刻提醒記得(remind)這些綠色“超級(jí)食品”給我們的身體帶來(lái)的驚人益處。]5．A.planning  B．aimingC．running  D．intending解析：C　[在英國(guó)，世界衛(wèi)生組織為鼓勵(lì)人們“每天吃5份果蔬”而發(fā)起的宣傳活動(dòng)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行(run)了好多年的時(shí)間。分析句意可知，是這種宣傳活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了好多年。只有run才有“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，或進(jìn)行”之意。]6．A.why  B．howC．when  D．because解析：D　[根據(jù)上文可知宣傳活動(dòng)持續(xù)了好多年是結(jié)果，原因就是因?yàn)?/span>(because)有證據(jù)表明，人們每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜會(huì)對(duì)健康有很大益處。]7．A.needs  B．benefitsC．issues  D．risks解析：B　[根據(jù)上題的內(nèi)容可知，是說(shuō)“人們每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜會(huì)對(duì)健康有很大益處(benefits)”。]8．A.diet  B．educationC．work  D．exercise解析：A　[根據(jù)上文每天至少5份水果和蔬菜，可知是日常生活中，即“我仍在努力把這5份果蔬納入到我的日常飲食(diet)中”。]9．A.tendency  B．preferenceC．tooth  D．appetite解析：C　[句意：部分原因是我愛(ài)吃甜食，而且覺(jué)得蔬菜很無(wú)味。have a sweet tooth，為固定搭配，“喜歡甜食”。]10．A.showing  B．discoveringC．reporting  D．studying解析：D　[句意：研究人員一直在研究(study)如何讓蔬菜更具吸引力。]11．A.appropriate  B．attractiveC．beneficial  D．independent解析：B　[根據(jù)上句“vegetables are，well，tasteless”因?yàn)槭卟藷o(wú)味，人們不喜歡吃，因此研究人員一直在研究如何讓蔬菜更具吸引力(attractive)。]12．A.choices  B．valuesC．wastes  D．judgments解析：A　[他們分析了我們選擇食物時(shí)的心理。根據(jù)下一句可知，是我們對(duì)食物的選擇(choice)。]13．A.confused  B．disturbedC．motivated  D．challenged解析：C　[句意：他們分析了我們選擇食物時(shí)的心理，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分人都是受味道的驅(qū)使。]14．A.manage  B．decideC．agree  D．tend解析：D　[研究表明，人們會(huì)因?yàn)槟撤N原因而傾向于認(rèn)為更健康的食物更難吃。]15．A.grow  B．eatC．store  D．harvest解析：B　[在歐洲，名為VeggieEAT的項(xiàng)目一直在嘗試找出能讓人們多吃(eat)蔬菜的方式。后面“encouraging people into eating the right things”是提示。]16．A.slowly  B．suddenlyC．firmly  D．seriously解析：A　[慢慢地(slowly)鼓勵(lì)人們進(jìn)食恰當(dāng)?shù)氖澄?。根?jù)常識(shí)可知，想讓人們接受某種東西，要慢慢地進(jìn)行。]17．A.variety  B．lotC．picture  D．number解析：C　[其中一個(gè)想法是，把看起來(lái)很美味的水果圖片(picture)放在超市的購(gòu)物車(chē)上，以此來(lái)暗示消費(fèi)者去水果區(qū)域購(gòu)買(mǎi)東西。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知是圖片貼在購(gòu)物車(chē)上。]18．A.sign  B．concernC．clue  D．hint解析：D　[根據(jù)上題的內(nèi)容可知，把水果的圖片貼在購(gòu)物車(chē)上給消費(fèi)者一種暗示(hint)。]19．A.easy  B．complexC．quick  D．casual解析：B　[句意：選擇是一件非常復(fù)雜的事情。根據(jù)上文意思可知讓人們多吃蔬菜，選擇健康的蔬菜水果是很復(fù)雜的(complex)。]20．A.looks  B．smellsC．tastes  D．feels解析：C　[當(dāng)然了，“橘汁胡蘿卜”這菜名聽(tīng)起來(lái)確定很誘人，雖然嘗起來(lái)(taste)像是胡蘿卜。分析句意可知，胡蘿卜雖然名字不同，但嘗起來(lái)還是胡蘿卜的味道。]Cloze 2Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays __1__ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set.At night，roads are brightly lit，enabling people and __2__ to move freely.Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the __3__ of every modern city.In the home，many __4__ devices are powered by electricity.__5__ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are __6__ asleep，electricity is working for us，__7__ our refrigerators，heating our water，or keeping our rooms airconditioned.Every day，trains，buses and subways take us to and from work.We rarely __8__ to consider why or how they run— __9__ something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959，something did __10__ wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity.For a great many hours，life came almost to a __11__.Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark，__12__ to do anything；lifts stopped working，so that __13__ you were lucky enough not to be __14__ between two floors，you had the unpleasant task of finding your ways down __15__ of stairs.Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) __16__ became as gloomy and uninviting __17__ the most remote back streets.People were afraid to leave their houses，__18__ although the police had been ordered to __19__ in case of emergency，they were just as confused and __20__ as anybody else.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 電是日常生活的一部分，如今，我們已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常，以至于開(kāi)燈或開(kāi)電視時(shí)很少仔細(xì)考慮電的問(wèn)題。本文介紹關(guān)于電的使用問(wèn)題。1．A.that　　　　　 B．thusC．as  D．so解析：A　[句意：電是日常生活的一部分，如今，我們已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常，以至于開(kāi)燈或開(kāi)電視時(shí)很少仔細(xì)考慮電的問(wèn)題。so...that...是固定搭配，意思是“如此……以至于……”。]2．A.car  B．truckC．traffic  D．pedestrians解析：C　[句意：晚上燈光照亮的馬路使人們自由通行，使交通暢通無(wú)阻。pedestrian意為“行人”，與空格前的people詞義重復(fù)；car和truck都指具體的車(chē)輛類(lèi)型，含義過(guò)于狹窄。綜合考慮，此處應(yīng)填入traffic。]3．A.appearance  B．characterC．distinction  D．surface解析：B　[句意：廣告中使用的霓虹燈已經(jīng)成為了每個(gè)現(xiàn)代化城市的一大特色。]4．A.money-saving  B．time-savingC．energy-saving  D．labor-saving解析：D　[句意：在家里，很多節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的設(shè)備都是由電帶動(dòng)的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是復(fù)合形容詞，根據(jù)句意，此處填入labor-saving最合適。]5．A.Only  B．RarelyC．Even  D．Frequently解析：C　[句意；即使當(dāng)我們關(guān)上床頭燈，睡得很熟時(shí)，電仍然在為我們工作……。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)填入even。]6．A.fast  B．quiteC．closely  D．quickly解析：A　[fast asleep為固定搭配，意為“睡得很熟的”。]7．A.moving  B．startingC．repairing  D．driving解析：D　[此處的動(dòng)詞與our refrigerators連用，填入driving最合適，意為“使電冰箱正常運(yùn)行”。]8．A.trouble  B．botherC．hesitate  D．remember解析：B　[此處是說(shuō)，我們很少費(fèi)心思考它們?yōu)槭裁椿蛉绾芜\(yùn)行。]9．A.when  B．ifC．until  D．after解析：C　[句意：直到這些交通工具出問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們才會(huì)費(fèi)心思考它們?yōu)槭裁椿蛉绾芜\(yùn)行。前半句出現(xiàn)了rarely，含否定意義，與until搭配使用，意為“直到……才……”。]10．A.go  B．meanC．pass  D．find解析：A　[句意：1959年的夏天，負(fù)責(zé)給紐約供電的發(fā)電廠真的出了問(wèn)題。go wrong固定短語(yǔ)，出錯(cuò)。]11．A.pause  B．terminalC．breakdown  D．standstill解析：D　[句意：許多小時(shí)過(guò)去了，生活幾乎停滯不前。come to a standstill是固定搭配，意為“停住，停滯不前”。]12．A.incompetent  B．powerlessC．hesitant  D．helpless解析：B　[句意：火車(chē)無(wú)法開(kāi)動(dòng)，車(chē)廂里的人坐在黑暗中無(wú)能為力，什么事也做不了。此處指人處于停電的環(huán)境中無(wú)能為力，什么事也做不了。]13．A.although  B．whenC．as  D．even if解析：D　[句意：電梯也停止工作，即使你足夠幸運(yùn)，沒(méi)被困在兩層樓之間，也得自己不愉快地步行下樓梯。通過(guò)分析上下文，此處填入even if最合適。]14．A.trapped  B．placedC．positioned  D．locked解析：A　[be trapped被困……。]15．A.steps  B．levelsC．flights  D．floors解析：C　[a flight of stairs是固定搭配，表示“(兩個(gè)樓梯平臺(tái)間的)一段樓梯”，本題中考查的是復(fù)數(shù)形式。]16．A.time  B．instantC．point  D．minute解析：B　[in an instant是固定搭配，意為“瞬間，馬上”，意思相當(dāng)于immediately，故答案為B。in a minute意為“很快，馬上”，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)，不符合句意，故排除。]17．A.like  B．thanC．for  D．as解析：D　[as...as...為固定搭配，表示“像……一樣”。]18．A.for  B．andC．but  D．or解析：A　[句意：人們害怕離開(kāi)自己的房子，因?yàn)殡m然警察被要求隨時(shí)待命，以防突發(fā)事件，但他們也像其他人一樣疑惑和無(wú)助。結(jié)合上文，此處填入for最合適。]19．A.stand aside  B．stand downC．stand by  D．stand in解析：C　[stand by準(zhǔn)備行動(dòng)，附近等待。]20．A.aimless    B．helpless    C．unfocused  D．undecided解析：B　[helpless無(wú)助的。]