英語必修 第一冊Unit 4 Natural disasters優(yōu)秀綜合訓(xùn)練題

這是一份英語必修 第一冊Unit 4 Natural disasters優(yōu)秀綜合訓(xùn)練題，文件包含Unit4Naturaldisasters閱讀理解精練原卷版docx、Unit4Naturaldisasters閱讀理解精練解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共41頁， 歡迎下載使用。
精練篇
Passage 1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
基礎(chǔ)篇
Passage 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Passage 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Passage 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
拔高篇
Passage 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Passage 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Passage 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Passage 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Passage 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
精練篇
Passage 1
難度????
Animal appear t predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study t find reliable evidence f the phenmenn has shwn.
Cameras revealed an “amazing” drp in the number f animals up t 23 days befre a majr quake hit their rainfrest hme at Yanachaga Natinal Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, frm Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results shwed that just befre the earthquake, animals’ activity drpped right dwn.”
On a nrmal day the cameras placed arund Yanachaga Natinal Park recrd between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days befre the earthquake, the number f animals drpped t five r fewer per day. N animals were phtgraphed at all n five f the seven days immediately befre the quake.
Anther study shwed that animal activity remained nrmal in the park ver a different perid when seismic (地震的) activity was lw. C-authr, prfessr Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were lcated at an altitude f 900 meters. If air inizatin ccurred, the animals wuld escape t the valley belw, where there were fewer psitive ins ( 離子). With their ability t sense their envirnment, animals can help us understand small changes that ccur befre majr earthquakes.”
Other evidence suggested that befre the earthquake, the air arund the high muntain sites was filled with psitive ins that can be prduced when rcks are placed under stress. Psitive ins have been knwn t cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made t feel uncmfrtable by the psitive ins, leading them t avid the area. They are thught t have escaped t lwer grund, where the air was less inized. The findings may help experts develp better shrt-term seismic frecasts.
1．Hw did scientists cnduct the study?
A．By cmparing different animals’ habits.
B．By bserving animals in high muntains.
C．By explaining the psitive in phenmenn.
D．By analyzing images f animals they btained.
2．What can be inferred frm animal activity befre earthquakes?
A．The grund at a lwer altitude is less inized.
B．Cameras nrmally recrd mre animals per day.
C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lwer places.
D．The activity f animals and earthquakes is cnsistent.
3．What can we learn frm the text?
A．The findings make fr accurate seismic frecast.
B．Animals tend t be uneasy with mre psitive ins.
C．Psitive ins make humans and animals depressed.
D．All the animals remain abnrmal befre the earthquake.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Negative Influence f Psitive Ins.
B．Ins’ Destructin t the Envirnment.
C．Animals’ Behavir Befre Earthquakes.
D．Creatures’ Ability t Predict Earthquakes.
基礎(chǔ)篇
Passage 1
難度??
Thusands f peple have been killed in an earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the biggest ne t happen in Japan --caused massive (大量的) damage and many peple are missing and feared dead.
The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday (March 11) ff Japan's eastern cast, and caused tsunami acrss the Pacific as far away as Suth America and the U.S. West Cast. Several days after a 8.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting 10-meter-high tsunami damaged the castline. The United States Gelgical Survey (美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查所) says it was the fifth largest earthquake since 1900. The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shk Chile in 1960.
In Japan, the tsunami swept away bats, cars and hundreds f huses in castal areas nrth f Tky. The quake shk buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tky has been stpped, and thusands f peple there were unable t get back hme. Peple are just trying t find clean water. Fd supplies are running ut. In the cnvenience stres, there are n rice balls left. There is n bttled water left. Peple are facing a really serius situatin in the days ahead fr these peple that are living in areas that were nly cmmn damaged. The final death rate culd range frm the thusands t tens f thusands, depending n hw many f these cmmunities are gne.
Japanese Prime Minister (首相) Nat Kan said the gvernment wuld d everything it can t reduce the effects f the disaster.
1．Accrding t the passage, which earthquake is the largest ne since 1900 ?
A．the ne happened in Japan n March 11, 2011
B．the ne in Chile in 1960
C．the fifth largest earthquake since 1900
D．We dn't knw.
2．Which is true accrding t the passage?
A．Thusands f peple have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan.
B．Only peple in areas are facing a really serius situatin in the days.
C．The earthquake damaged nt nly in Japan's western cast, but als in Suth America and the U.S West Cast.
D．The tsunami caused the massive earthquake.
3．If yu're in Tky these days, what yu can't get frm the cnvenience stre?
A．newspapers and magazines B．sme medicine
C．paper napkins and tthpastes D．rice balls and bttled water
4．where is the passage cme frm?
A．Text bk B．scientific research
C．travel brchure D．newspaper
Passage 2
難度??
Internatinal Shake Out Day This Year
This year’s Internatinal Shake Out Day is Octber 17, when millins f peple wrldwide will take part in earthquake drills (演習(xí)) at wrk, schl, r hme! It is a great way fr yur family r rganizatin t becme better prepared t survive and recver quickly frm big earthquakes.
At 10:17 am (lcal time) n 10/17, yu can jin millins f peple acrss the wrld in practicing earthquake safety. While we encurage everyne t take part, yu can sign up fr yur Shake Out drill fr any day f the year, and drill at a time f yur chice. Yu can als include peple in different lcatins thrugh vides.
FIND YOUR REGION
?Mst participants (參與者) are in ne f the fficial Shake Out Regins listed belw the page (with current sign-up ttals). Peple and rganizatins in ther cuntries can als sign up.
· All regins take part in it n Octber 17, 2024, unless specified.
Shake Out began in Califrnia and has als been rganized in many ther states and cuntries. Official Shake Out Regins require special lcal r reginal cperatin, typically by an emergency (緊急情況) management agency r a unin f many rganizatins. If yu are interested in establishing Shake Out fr yur regin, please cntact us at If yur state, prvince, r cuntry is nt yet taking part, yu can sign up fr yurself r yur rganizatin as part f the glbal participatin ttal.
5．What is the purpse f the activity?
A．T raise peple’s safety awareness.
B．T stress the challenges f earthquakes.
C．T help peple get ready fr an earthquake.
D．T warn peple f the danger f earthquakes.
6．Hw many peple wrldwide tk part in the drills in 2023?
A．Over 270,000. B．Over 950,000.
C．Over 57.3 millin. D．Over 19.3 millin.
7．Where is the text frm?
A．A website. B．A bk review.
C．A guidebk. D．A diary entry.
Passage 3
難度??
A wman in a cap wanders calmly alng. Except fr the lava (熔巖) erupting behind her, she culd be walking in the park. The wman turns t watch the mlten rck flw fr a mment then walks calmly tward the camera. The ftage (鏡頭) is frm Werner Herzg’s bk t vlcanes and vlcan hunters, Int the Infern, and the wman pictured is perhaps ne f the mst imprtant vlcanlgists f all time, Katia Krafft.
Brn in France, in 1942, Katia develped an interest in vlcanes at an early age. Later, she met Maurice Krafft. The pair bnded ver their shared lve f vlcanes befre marrying in 1970. The Kraffts wrte abut 20 bks n vlcanes acrss the glbe.
Katia and her husband made great prgress in educating the general public in vlcanlgy. Their ftage had mre than scientific value. Fr instance, when Munt Pinatub in the Philippines began t shw signs f an eruptin in 1991, the Kraffts were able t present Philippine President Cry Aquin with vide ftage f the effects f the 1985 eruptin f Nevad del Ruiz in Clmbia, asking him t call fr an evacuatin f thse in the danger zne.
In 1969, Katia was awarded the prize f the Vcatin Fundatin fr her wrk n active vlcanic sites.
The cuple lst their lives, alng with mre than 40 thers during the eruptin f Munt Unzen in Japan n June 3.1991. when they were caught in a flw f rck, gas and ash mving at speeds f ver 100 miles per hur, with temperatures f mre than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Katia was 49; Maurice, 45.
Katia’s impact n vlcanlgy has reached far beynd her death and has encuraged many yung wmen t study ur restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reasn why I’m ding this jb,” says Carla Tirabschi, a pstdctral researcher at the University f Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a dcumentary when she was just six r seven years ld and has been crazy abut vlcanes ever since.
8．What can we infer frm the bk Int the Infern?
A．Its authr is Katia Krafft.
B．It’s a bigraphy f Katia Krafft.
C．It calls n prtecting the envirnment.
D．It fcuses n vlcanes and their explrers.
9．What d we knw abut the cuple?
A．They prevented a natural disaster.
B．They served as a warning in Japan.
C．They helped spread vlcan science.
D．They cvered Munt Pinatub’s eruptin.
10. Which can replace the underlined wrd “evacuatin” in paragraph 3?
A．Substance. B．Departure. C．Occupatin. D．Interventin.
11. Hw did Katia influence Carla Tirabschi?
A．Katia’s death made her restless.
B．Katia helped her with her research.
C．Katia taught her t make a dcumentary.
D．Katia’s deeds inspired her career chice.
拔高篇
Passage 1
難度???
New research shws that the health cnsequences f wildfire smke expsure stretch well beynd the smky days themselves, cntributing t nearly 16,000 deaths each year acrss the U.S., accrding t a Natinal Bureau f Ecnmic Research (NBER) analysis released in April. The analysis warns that number culd grw t nearly 30,000 deaths each year by the middle f the century.
Wildfire smke is rarely listed as a cause f death n peple’s death certificates. But research has shwn that tiny particles present in smke wrsen many different health prblems. These particles penetrate (滲透) deep int peple’s lungs and can crss int the bldstream r even int the brain. Repeated expsures, r high-cncentratin expsures, can wrsen ther health prblems, frm heart and kidney disease t prmting the nset f dementia (癡呆) symptms. In sme cases, the stress frm wildfire smke is s great that sme peple die.
Because the harm frm wildfire smke can accumulate and isn’t always immediately bvius, the lng-term risks frm wildfire smke expsure have gne underestimated.
The NBER analysis used a suite f different cmputer mdels t figure ut the relatinship between fire activity and hw much smke was prduced. In years like 2020, sme nrthern Califrnia cunties were expsed t duble their nrmal pllutin lad fr the year. In cnditins like thse, the ttal number f deaths increased by almst 6%. Even small increases in smke expsure averaged ut ver the year, push mrtality up.
Even with aggressive climate actin in cming decades, wildfire activity is frecast t grw—and with it, smke expsure. By the middle f the century, mdels suggest peple acrss the U.S. will likely experience tw t three times as much smke as they did befre 2020. Smke-related deaths culd rise by at least 8,000 peple every year. With less aggressive climate actin, the number f deaths culd be even higher.
1．What can be learned abut wildfire smke expsure?
A．It has becme the main cause f death.
B．It prduces immediate harmful effects.
C．It makes health prblems mre serius.
D．It can be avided by using dust masks.
2．What will happen t Americans accrding t the cmputer mdels?
A．Experiencing less wildfire smke expsure.
B．Facing mre deaths caused by heavy smking.
C．Having mre deaths cnnected t wildfire smke.
D．Reducing wildfire activities with aggressive actins.
3．Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
A．A scientific reprt. B．Analysis f climate change.
C．An academic paper. D．Research findings f wildfire.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．The Frmatin f Wildlife Smke B．The Harm f Wildfire Smke t Health
C．The Ways t Reduce Wildfires D．The Causes f T Many Wildfires
Passage 2
難度???
Rescue effrts cntinue in Nrth Africa, a regin that has been hit with tw majr natural disasters. An earthquake struck Mrcc n September 8. Tw days later, rain brught devastating (毀滅性的) flds t parts f Libya.
The 6.8-magnitude (震級) quake in Mrcc was the strngest the cuntry has seen in a century. Sme 300,000 peple have been affected, accrding t the UN. Many peple have been sleeping utside, having lst their hmes, r in case aftershcks cause mre buildings t cllapse. At press time (發(fā)稿時間), clse t 3,000 peple had died.
“It’s a majr disaster, ” says Salah Ancheu, wh lives in the village f Amizmiz, “We dn’t knw what the future is. ”
There are sme peple in Mrcc wh say their gvernment has been t slw in sending help t these villages. Neighbrs have had t take actin t help ne anther. “I was asleep when the earthquake struck,” says Fatna Bechar, wh lives in Mulay Brahim. “I was saved by my neighbrs wh cleared the rubble (瓦礫).”
In Libya, fldwaters brke thrugh dams near the prt city f Derna n September. The Wadi Derna river verflwed and swept thrugh the city. Flrs in apartment buildings cllapsed.
Several ther twns suffered damage. Families have taken shelter in schls and gvernment buildings. The United States says it’s wrking with the UN n hw best t help, and cuntries in the regin are als ffering help.
5．Hw did Salah Ancheu feel accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．Depressed.
B．Cnfident.
C．Optimistic.
D．Excited.
6．Wh saved Fatna Bechar?
A．His neighburs.
B．His clleagues.
C．His families.
D．The gvernment wrkers.
7．What d we knw frm the last paragraphs?
A．Fldwaters brke thrugh dams n Octber.
B．Families have taken shelter in tents and htels.
C．The US is wrking with the UN t ffer help.
D．N ther cuntries have ffered help t Libya.
8．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Disasters in Nrth Africa
B．Peple Suffered in Disasters
C．The UN Offered Help in Disasters
D．Rescue Teams in Mrcc and Libya
Passage 3
難度???
Venice is n stranger t flds. The city experiences water increases frm the rising tides at least fur times a year, usually during winter.
Hwever, the 1.87-meter tide that swept thrugh the city n Nvember 12, 2019, was ne f the highest ever experienced. T make matters wrse, it was fllwed by tw cnsecutive (持續(xù)的) water increases. The rapid series f high tides cvered ver 80 percent f the city f canals, causing widespread destructin (破壞) t museums, hmes, and businesses.
Thugh difficult, it is always imprtant t find a silver lining (困境中的一線希望) after such events. In Venice, it has cme in the frm f the “Angels f the Salt”—hundreds f yuth vlunteers wh have arrived in the beautiful city t help with the clean-up effrts. Pier Risica said, “When we saw the histric flding n Tuesday night, we immediately started t gather vlunteers t help the city. The first day we were 200 in the Telegram grup and n the grund. Yesterday 550, and tday mre than 1,700.”
In additin t helping drain (排空) the fld waters frm residences and businesses, the yung vlunteers are als cllecting the garbage and water-damaged devices and taking them t recycling centers.
What makes Venetians annyed is that the destructin culd have been avided if the Mveable Barrier System (MOSE) had been in place. The prject t place mveable fldgates that wuld stp the high tides frm cvering the city has been under cnstructin since 2003, and has already cst $5 billin. Hwever, it is nwhere clse t cmpletin.
9．When is it easy fr Venice t experience rising tides?
A．In spring.
B．In summer.
C．In winter.
D．In autumn.
10．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A．T tell us the influence f high tides.
B．T warn the danger f living in Venice.
C．T cmpare the differences f past tides.
D．T explain the cause f the 2019 fld.
11．What can we infer frm Paragraph 3?
A．Angels f the Salt is famus in Italy.
B．Angels f the Salt is in charge f rescue.
C．Vlunteers take an active part in the actin t help Venice.
D．The number f vlunteers is decreasing day by day.
12．What makes Venetians dissatisfied?
A．The unfinished MOSE.
B．The destructin f MOSE.
C．The waste f a lt f mney.
D．The lack f gvernment supprt.
Passage 4
難度???
The Jan.17, 1994, Nrthridge earthquake caused extensive damage t radways in Ls Angeles, particularly n the 10 Freeway east f Culver City. Tw freeway bridges at La Cienega and Washingtn were kncked ut, resulting in significant interruptins t the crucial east-west traffic crridr in central Ls Angeles.
The Santa Mnica Freeway was repened in less than three mnths, prviding a bst t L.A．’s quake recvery. In recent events, a fire n the 10 Freeway, again clsing the radway, has brught cmparisn t 1994. The extent f the damage and repair timeline remain uncertain. Mayr Karen Bass emphasized the need fr urgent actin and a similar effrt as the 1994 earthquake repairs.
Here is a review f that epic 1994 repair effrt frm the pages f The Times.
Officials knew right away they needed t get the freeway perating as sn as pssible. With an average f 341,000 vehicles a day using the radway, they said, the extra time it tk gds t reach their destinatins and wrkers t get t their jbs cst millins in lst prductin and wages. It was estimated that the clsure cst the ecnmy $1 millin per day. The clsure f the freeway frced cmmuters t seek alternative rutes, causing cngestin (擁塞) n already crwded surface streets between Santa Mnica and dwntwn Ls Angeles. Deturs (繞路) added delays f 20 minutes r mre t travel times.
Luckily, an accelerated cnstructin effrt was launched, invlving rund-the-clck wrk. This resulted in earlier-than-expected repenings. Cntractr C．C． Myers Inc. cmpleted the prject 74 days ahead f schedule. They received a 200, 000 bnus fr each day the wrk was finished early. Hwever, the cst f the prject escalated frm the riginal bid f 14.9 millin t nearly $30 millin due t the cmplexity and urgency f the repairs.
The repair effrts fllwing the Nrthridge earthquake were characterized by intense and fcused wrk t restre critical transprtatin infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施). These experiences serve as a reference pint fr the current situatin, calling fr swift actin in repairing the fire-damaged 10 Freeway.
13．Why was the recent fire cmpared t the 1994 earthquake?
A．T indicate the severe damage it had caused
B．T shw citizens’ devtin t the repair wrk.
C．T stress the necessity f immediate repair effrt.
D．T explain the difficulty f repairing the damage.
14．What is paragraphs 4 mainly abut?
A．The impacts f the freeway clsure.
B．The ecnmic value f the freeway.
C．The perating system f the freeway.
D．The cst f the freeway cnstructin.
15．What des the underlined wrd “escalated” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Transfrmed. B．Munted.
C．Maintained. D．Restricted.
16．What d we knw abut the 1994 earthquake repairs?
A．The repairs were accmplished in 74 days.
B．The repairs were cmpleted under budget.
C．The repairs were mainly funded by C.C. Myers Inc..
D．The repairs were cmplicated and labr-demanding.
Passage 5
難度????
On May 7th, 1902, n the island f Martinique, Ludgar Sylbaris, the twn’s drunk and trublemaker, gt thrwn int prisn. Hwever, it turned ut t be the luckiest day f his life.
Saint Pierre n Martinique was at the time knwn as the Paris f Caribbean. It had a big ppulatin f 30, 000 peple and was a cultural centre. Martinique is hme t Munt Pelee, ne f the mst active vlcanes in the wrld.
In the weeks befre Ludgar Sylbaris was thrwn int prisn, the vlcan n the island f Martinique was shwing signs f vlcanic activity. Withut mdern Vlcanlgy, peple still sensed that smething was ging t happen, but they didn’t have a really gd sense f hw big r hw dangerus the threat was. Thusands f peple left the cuntryside and came t the city f Saint Pierre because they thught it wuld be safer there. That was a terrible mistake.
The day after Ludgar Sylbaris went int that prisn cell, Munt Pelee explded. And in an instant 3, 000 peple were killed. A pressure wave flattened every single building. Anyne wh was unlucky enugh t be utside was instantly burned t death. Thse wh were in shelter fund themselves chking as their lungs were burned frm the inside ut. There was really n escape except fr ne persn, Ludgar Sylbaris.
The cell he was in had been built as an armry (軍械庫) . S it had been built within the thick walls and it happened that the nly pening in it faced away frm the eruptin. Even s, super-ht air began t frce its way underneath the dr. And as his cell heated t extremely high temperatures, he was frced t take ff his clthes, push them underneath the dr and he peed (小便) n the clthes just t try t keep the ht air frm entering. He was still badly burned and wasn’t fund until fur days later when rescuers heard his cries.
17．What caused s many peple t die in the vlcan eruptin?
A．Shrtage f survival skills.
B．Ignrance f mdern Vlcanlgy.
C．Lack f gd judgement f the threat.
D．Unawareness f the vlcanic activity signs.
18．Which f the fllwing is the right rder accrding t the passage?
a. The vlcan f Munt Pelee erupted.
b. Buildings were flattened and n ne escaped.
c. Thusands f peple fled t the city f Saint Pierre.
d. Munt Pelee was shwing signs f vlcanic activity.
e. Ludgar Sylbaris managed t save himself and was rescued.
A．dbace B．a(chǎn)bdce C．a(chǎn)dceb D．dcabe
19．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the last paragraph?
A．The cell’s pening faced the eruptin.
B．The cell was far away frm the eruptin.
C．Ludgar tk prper self-rescue measures.
D．Ludgar hid in the heavily-guarded armry.
20．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce the island f Martinique.
B．T inspire peple t explre the Munt Pelee.
C．T prvide ways t survive a vlcan eruptin.
D．T tell the stry f a vlcan eruptin survivr.(As f Tday)
Glbal Ttals
US Ttals
Oct.17, 2024 Drills
Over 270,000
Over 260,000
All 2024 Drills
Over 1.10 millin
Over 950,000
All 2023 Drills
Over 57.3 millin
Over 19.3 millin