專題二 第1講　名詞--2026新高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件ppt+講義（人教版）

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步步高 英語(yǔ) 大一輪復(fù)習(xí)
考點(diǎn)精講二　不可數(shù)名詞
考點(diǎn)精講三　名詞的構(gòu)詞法
Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend f his⑨，wh raises sme cws⑥ and gats⑥.
1.可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es；以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s。②以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(如果詞尾-ch發(fā)音為/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-結(jié)尾加-es 的單詞有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞，多變f或fe為v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的單詞，如：屋頂(rf)上的首領(lǐng)(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥大部分可數(shù)名詞直接加-s。
2.名詞的所有格⑦有生命名詞，不以-s結(jié)尾的名詞加-’s；以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞都加-’。⑧無(wú)生命名詞，通常用f所有格表示。⑨雙重所有格的構(gòu)成形式為“名詞＋f＋名詞所有格”或者“名詞＋f＋名詞性物主代詞”?！?br/>1.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(1)通過(guò)內(nèi)部元音變化構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：ft—feet腳　gse—geese鵝tth—teeth牙齒　muse—mice老鼠man—men男人　wman—wmen女人
(2)有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如：sheep—sheep綿羊　deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法　series—series系列species—species物種crssrads—crssrads 十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器
(3)有的名詞在詞尾加-ren或-en構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。如：child—children 孩子　x—xen 公牛(4)由man，wman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，與man，wman的變化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen紳士Englishman—Englishmen英國(guó)男子pliceman—plicemen男警察chairwman—chairwmen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手藝人注意：German，human的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans，humans。
(5)外來(lái)詞的不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：analysis—analyses分析　basis—bases基礎(chǔ)crisis—crises危機(jī)　thesis—theses論文medium—media媒介物phenmenn—phenmena現(xiàn)象
2.復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化(1)中間沒(méi)有連字符也沒(méi)有間隔的復(fù)合名詞將最后一個(gè)詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日　blackbard—blackbards黑板　bkshelf—bkshelves書(shū)架　gentleman—gentlemen紳士
(2)中間有連字符或間隔的復(fù)合名詞將其中主要的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms　sn-in-law—sns-in-lawlker-n—lkers-n　passer-by—passers-by　stry-teller—stry-tellers
(3)無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)通常在最后一個(gè)詞后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups　standby—standbys(4)“man/wman＋名詞”構(gòu)成的合成詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，man/wman和名詞均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。wmen singers女歌手　men servants 男仆人
(5)常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞有thanks，cngratulatins，wishes，greetings，shes，trusers，wrks(著作；工廠)，manners(禮貌)，instructins(指導(dǎo)；用法說(shuō)明)，times(時(shí)代)等。(6)一些固定短語(yǔ)中的名詞只用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見(jiàn)的有take turns t d sth，in high spirits，make friends with，shake hands with，make preparatins fr，make (bth) ends meet，take pains t d等。
3.名詞所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名詞變所有格時(shí)，若表示不同的所有關(guān)系，則分別在兩個(gè)名詞后加-’s；如果表示共有關(guān)系，則只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-’s。如：Kate and Mary’s rm凱特和瑪麗共有的房間Kate’s and Mary’s rms凱特和瑪麗各自的房間(2)表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr’s (ffice)在(醫(yī)生的)診所里at the barber’s (shp)在理發(fā)店at Mr Green’s (huse)在格林先生家
1.The team wh wn the three wrld (champinship) wuld always get this the festival，which lasts three r fur days，peple are dressed in their best clthes and participate in a variety f rich and clurful _________(activity) best slutin might be t find the (weakness) in the idea and t try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse fr rejecting the whle idea.
champinships
4.Timmis and his team set ut t seek the effects f phne use n __________(passer-by) usually expect Hllywd (her) t shw up n ur screens and defeat the bad ges t the (barber) t have his hair cut every mnth.
T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn’t perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與不定冠詞連用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin，news為永久性不可數(shù)名詞，前面不能加不定冠詞，也不能具體化。③抽象名詞具體化：·表示情感、情緒的抽象名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事的時(shí)候，可以在 前面加不定冠詞，如a surprise，a cmfrt 等?！け硎尽耙弧钡母拍顣r(shí)，常與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成詞組，名詞前常常有形 容詞。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f 等。
1.不可數(shù)名詞不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算，多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，常見(jiàn)的有：
2.抽象名詞與a(n)連用時(shí)，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為具體的動(dòng)作、行為或類別。A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.英語(yǔ)知識(shí)在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中是必不可少的。It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.讀這種小說(shuō)就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。She made an aplgy t her mther fr her wrng dings.她為自己做錯(cuò)的事向母親道歉。
3.有些物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類時(shí)，可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如：sme cffee一些咖啡，a cffee一杯咖啡，three cffees三杯咖啡；sme drink一些飲料，a drink一杯飲料，three drinks三杯飲料；his hair他的頭發(fā)，a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)；glass玻璃，a glass一個(gè)玻璃杯。
1. came that he wuld start yet anther trade war against ther cuntries as he wuldn’t keep his n that matter.(wrd)2.As a war reprter，Jenny went thrugh a lt f adventurus____________，which cntributed t her rich in her jb.(experience)3.I dn’t think I am failure；it is said that failure is the mther f success.(冠詞填空)
experiences
2.形容詞變名詞的后綴
1.Since June 2017，right befre the (arrive) f the tw new pandas，Meng Meng and Jia Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)2.They all agreed and vwed(承諾) t prmte the idea at the __________(cmplete) f their jurney. (2024·全國(guó)甲)
3.China has a (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. (2022·全國(guó)乙)
respnsibility
4.In 1844，they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser，wh perfrmed their (marry) ceremny in (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
1.Als，technlgical knw-hw has becme a (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld，as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst (prfessin) switch has decreased (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr (cnditin) prvide a favrable envirnment fr the blue sandalwd(檀香) tree and rice grwing，ffering the materials needed t make the best Xuan paper.
requirement