專題50.完形填空——三層遞進（原卷版+解析版）

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目標導航
題文通讀，宏觀把握，架構(gòu)了然于胸
做完形填空題，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、貿(mào)然行動，不置于語篇大環(huán)境下憑主觀臆斷，造成“只見樹木，不見森林”的片面性錯誤。正確的做法是：先通讀全文和選項，對文意和題目有個大致了解，搞清楚主旨大意及思考方向后，再進行第二遍精讀和答題。如何讀文，如何做題，怎樣才能高效，本講將給予悉心宏觀指導。
一、把握4大文體特征——讀文求快
(一)?？嘉捏w——記敘文
完形填空的文章體裁以記敘文為主，常見的故事基本上可分為餐廳故事、師生關系、家庭生活和個人奮斗等類型。從敘事方式來看，故事內(nèi)容基本都遵循“起—承—轉(zhuǎn)—合”的常見記敘文寫作思路。從正負態(tài)度來解釋，則可分為兩種模式：一種為“負—正”，即故事開始就是“壞事”，后來轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤昂檬隆保涣硪环N是“正—負—正”，即文章開始平靜祥和，中間經(jīng)歷挫折、困難，最終迎來光明美好的結(jié)局。兩種模式的共同點在于，無論故事如何開篇，過程都會經(jīng)歷曲折，結(jié)尾必然收獲美好、充滿希望。
總之，完形填空的選材基本都是積極向上、引人向善的文章。了解這些有助于考生理解文章內(nèi)容、把握主人公情感走向，進而幫助解題。
(二)常考文體——夾敘夾議文
夾敘夾議類的文章通常是采用敘議結(jié)合的寫作方法，文章先進行敘述，然后再在段落的結(jié)尾或文章的末尾展開議論，說明故事所包含的哲理或總結(jié)出作者的觀點。閱讀此類文章時，考生要重點關注議論的部分，從而總結(jié)出文章的主旨。
(三)時考文體——議論文
議論文是一種“剖析事物、論述事理、提出主張或發(fā)表見解”的說理性文章。議論文三要素是論點(作者的觀點，也就是被證明的對象)、論據(jù)(用來證明論點的依據(jù)，是說明論點的理由和材料)和論證(運用論據(jù)證明論點的過程與方法)。高考議論型短文分為兩種：一種是夾敘夾議型短文；另一種是純議論型短文。第一種的基本模式是：敘述事件—抒發(fā)感悟—作出結(jié)論。第二種的基本模式是：提出問題—分析問題—解決問題。
(四)時考文體——說明文
說明文是以說明為主要表達方式，用來說明事物、闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準確的科學知識或傳遞某種思想。其基本模式是：觀點—說明—總結(jié)。
二、掌握3步解題流程——解題求穩(wěn)
練就一項超人技能——題文齊讀
例1
2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.
Sme f ur ___41___ are funny, especially frm the early years when ur children were little. Once, we ___42___ alng Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that ur 15-mnth-ld by wuld fall int the creek (小溪). I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt. That lasted abut ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it. S ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a clse eye n him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-ld, hwever, did.
Anther time, we rented a bat in Vallecit Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but strms mve in fast in the muntains, and this ne quickly ___48___ ur peaceful mrning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rlled. My husband stpped fishing t _____50_____ the mtr. Nthing. He tried again. N _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____.
Nw, every year when my husband pulls ur camper ut f the garage, we are filled with a sense f _____54_____, wndering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next.
41. A. ideasB. jkesC. memriesD. discveries
42. A. campedB. drveC. walkedD. cycled
43. A. annyedB. surprisedC. disappintedD. wrried
44. A. unhurtB. unfrtunateC. uncmfrtableD. unafraid
45. A. due tB. instead fC. apart frmD. as fr
46. A. wrkedB. happenedC. matteredD. changed
47. A. signed upB. calmed dwnC. checked utD. headed ff
48. A. arrangedB. interruptedC. cmpletedD. recrded
49. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed
50. A. findB. hideC. startD. fix
51. A. luckB. answerC. wnderD. signal
52. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly
53. A. srryB. braveC. safeD. right
54. A. reliefB. dutyC. prideD. excitement
55. A. failureB. adventureC. perfrmanceD. cnflict
句群精讀，活用方法，穩(wěn)抓保分題目
通過第一步的通覽文章，明白了文章大意、內(nèi)容梗概后，接下來便是精讀文章，做題的過程。完形填空80%以上的題目都是基礎題目，也就是上文提到的句內(nèi)、句組層次題。對于這些題目，使用“題文齊讀法”在文章的通讀環(huán)節(jié)可預判解答一部分，但這些題目最終答案的確定則需要精讀文章，做到解題有理有據(jù)、有法可依。
句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復原。
方法1 利用習慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題
完形填空中經(jīng)常會考查一些習慣搭配、固定結(jié)構(gòu)和固定句式，這時考生就需要運用習慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)來解題。
[典例] I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byrn Bay where we were suppsed t 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a grup f kayakers arund 150m ff the shre.
45．A.bathed B．clean
C．deep D．frmed
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用習慣搭配解題。此處意為“海灣沐浴在陽光中”，be bathed in為固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。
方法2 利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識。考生在做題時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。
[典例] Getting a little 46.clser,_I realized ne kayak (皮劃艇) was in 47.truble. “Smething's nt 48.right！” I tk ff my T-shirt and __49__ int the water. I saw there were tw instructrs n bard and a man lying acrss the middle. He was 50.shaking vilently. Linking arms with ne f the instructrs, I helped __51__ the yung man ut f the water. He was uncnscius and as I lked at his face, smething 52.ccurred t me. Thse brwn eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructr. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my sn!
49．A.stared B．sank
C．dived D．fell
51．A.lead B．persuade
C．carry D．keep
[分析] 49.選C 51.選C 這兩道題可以利用生活常識和文化背景解題。根據(jù)生活常識，第49題我注意到一個皮劃艇出了意外情況，我自然是脫掉T恤衫，“跳進”水里救人，dive意為“跳水”；第51題作者和一位教練雙臂連接，兩個人一起應該是將這個不省人事的年輕人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。
方法3 利用對應成分分析法解題
完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關系，它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應關系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關系找出與未知填空相對應的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。
[典例]Teresa 56.psted a pht f the chance meeting n a scial netwrking website 57.accmpanied by the tuching wrds：“What a 58.blessing this yung man was t ur family! He was s __59__ and kind t d this.”
59．A.smart B．calm
C．sweet D．fair
[分析] 選C 本題可以利用對應成分分析法解題。
從上述分析可以看出，第59題與kind形成對應關系。因為有and這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應該一致，表示“他做這件事真是太友好和善良了”。故選C。
方法4 利用邏輯關系解題
此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關系來確定答案，主要應用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語；二是考查上下文的邏輯關系。
[典例] We went 10-1 and I was named mst valuable player, __28__ I ften had crazy dreams in which I was t blame fr Miller's 29.accident.
28．A.and B．then
C．but D．thus
[分析] 選C 本題可以利用邏輯關系解題。本空考查連詞。連詞的作用就是將其前后文的已知信息銜接起來，因此可以利用邏輯關系來解題，即通過分析該未知填空前后文的已知信息的邏輯關系來確定本題應該填入表達何種邏輯關系的連詞。
通過上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此答案是but。and表示并列關系；then表示順承關系；thus表示因果關系。
方法5 利用語境暗示分析法解題
上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[典例] The instructrs called fr an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hspital, Ben was well enugh t be allwed t __56__ and later the family met up fr dinner.
55．A.Frtunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
56．A.return B．relax
C．speak D．leave
[分析] 55.選A 56.選D 這兩道題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文的“after a brief stay in hspital”，“well enugh”和“l(fā)ater the family met up fr dinner” 這些暗示中我們可知Ben“很幸運”，“被允許出院”。
例2
2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國Ⅱ卷）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B，C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel ___23___ .
They’re part f a new frm f the ___24___ ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in ___25___ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .
It’s nt all sightseeing. The tw travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days arund the pets that are smetimes difficult t ___28___ . But huse sitting als ffers a level f ___29___ they can’t find in a htel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s huse,” Jessica says.
The cuple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as huse sitters and they always g beynd the hmewner’s ____32____ . Fr Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty f pictures f happy pets, keeping the huse ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift befre heading t the next huse. “Yu want t make the hmewner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says.
21. A. indrsB. nlineC. single-handedD. full-time
22. A. gameB. serviceC. vacatinD. prcedure
23. A. safeB. busyC. helpfulD. affrdable
24. A. lcalB. privateC. sharingD. agricultural
25. A. strangers’B. parents’C. c-wrkers’D. neighbrs’
26. A. favrB. defenseC. hnrD. absence
27. A. planB. explainC. cmpareD. cmplete
28. A. buyB. transprtC. chseD. please
29. A. supprtB. cmfrtC. cntrlD. attentin
30. A. ckingB. stayingC. waitingD. studying
31. A. successB. survivalC. grwthD. unemplyment
32. A. budgetB. abilitiesC. expectatinsD. understanding
33. A. admiringB. dnatingC. sendingD. brrwing
34. A. cleanB. penC. simpleD. empty
35. A. guessB. decisinC. respnseD. impressin
句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境，利用文章中的語義復現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。
[典例1]When mst f us get a text message n ur cell phne frm an unknwn persn, we usually say “srry, 41.wrng number！” and mve n. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended fr him, he did smething 43.special.
42．A.received B．translated
C．cpied D．printed
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。第42空是上文“get”的同義詞復現(xiàn)，故選A項。
[典例2] While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life, cllege sets the stage fr that explratin.I myself went thrugh this __41__ prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better: I discvered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手語)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．frmal
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。第41空是上文“explre”的近義詞復現(xiàn)，故選A項。
方法2 利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題
在高考完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。
[典例] Tw weeks earlier, my sn, Ben, had gt in tuch. He'd mved t England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. S imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted t cme t visit me.
42．A.delight B．relief
C．a(chǎn)nger D．wrry
[分析] 選A 本題可以利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題。前文提到作者已經(jīng)13年沒見過自己的兒子了，因此當兒子發(fā)來郵件說他想來看望作者時，作者應該是感到高興(delight)，故A項符合語境。
方法3 利用邏輯關系解題
在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。
[典例]Hundreds f peple have frmed impressins f yu thrugh that little device (裝置) n yur desk.And they've never actually 41.met yu.Everything they knw abut yu 42.came thrugh this device, smetimes frm hundreds f miles away.__43__ they feel they can knw yu 44.just frm the sund f yur vice.That's hw pwerful the 45.telephne is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet
C．Then D．Indeed
[分析] 選B 本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關系的題目，可以利用邏輯關系解題。
通過上述對本空前后文已知信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文之間是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，因此答案可以確定為選項B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“隨后”；indeed“的確，確實”。
方法4 利用語境暗示分析法解題
在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[典例]On March 19, Dennis gt a grup text 44.infrming him that a cuple he didn't knw were at the hspital, waiting fr the __45__ f a baby.
“Cngratulatins! But I think smene was mistaken，” Dennis 46.respnded. The baby was brn and update texts were 47.cming_in quickly frm the verjyed grandmther, Teresa.
45．A.wake-up B．recvery
C．grwth D．a(chǎn)rrival
[分析] 選D 本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文“The baby was brn”這一暗示信息可知，一對夫婦正在等待寶貝的降臨，因此選arrival“到來，降臨”。
例子3
2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國甲卷）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Yu can tell a lt abut a man by hw he treats his dgs.
Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dg, Mlly, and a cat, Flra. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lver, I ___45___ that three dgs were perhaps t many, and my dgs might attack ___46___, the cat.
The next week we ___47___ ur dgs tgether. It was a ht day. When we paused t catch ur ___48___, Steve gt dwn n ne knee. Was he prpsing (求婚)? I liked him t, but s ___49___? He pured water frm a bttle int his hand and ffered it t my dgs. ______50______, I began t fall fr him.
We ______51______ t date, thugh neither f us brught up the future. And then in late Nvember, Tilly had an peratin n her ______52______. I tk the dgs ut fur times a day, and I wrried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs culd repen the wund. Then Steve ______54______ his huse. All wrked ______55______. The three dgs frmed a pack that, with caching, ______56______ Flra’s space; Steve and I frmed a gd team ______57______ fr Tilly. We made gd husemates.
A year later, much t my ______58______, this man prduced a little bx with a ring and prpsed t me. He did nt kneel (跪) dwn, nr did I ______59______ him t. That’s nly fr giving ______60______ t the dgs that brught us tgether.
41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership
42. A. reservatinsB. expectatinsC. cnfidenceD. prejudice
43. A. fearedB. dubtedC. hpedD. learned
44. A. unsatisfiedB. amusedC. terrifiedD. thrilled
45. A. predictedB. wrriedC. regrettedD. insisted
46. A. FlraB. ChanceC. MllyD. Tilly
47. A. tiedB. walkedC. bathedD. fed
48. A. breathB. balanceC. attentinD. imaginatin
49. A. calmB. sureC. snD. real
50. A. By the wayB. In that caseC. By all meansD. In that mment
51. A. cntinuedB. decidedC. intendedD. pretended
52. A. eyeB. tailC. earD. leg
53. A. secretlyB. cnstantlyC. eventuallyD. unwillingly
54. A. leftB. sldC. suggestedD. searched
55. A. lateB. hardC. fineD. free
56. A. emptiedB. respectedC. ccupiedD. discvered
57. A. lkingB. caringC. waitingD. calling
58. A. delightB. creditC. interestD. disadvantage
59. A. begB. trustC. needD. aid
60. A. tysB. awardsC. fdD. water
全篇思讀，著眼幾點，智取拉分題目
高考擔負著區(qū)分考生、選拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中總有2～3道這樣的較難題目成為考生取得優(yōu)異成績的“攔路虎”。導致這些題目錯選的原因主要有以下幾點：①解題信息比較隱含；②干擾項迷惑性較強；③情感態(tài)度較難把握；④慣性思維所致。針對這些題目，考生除了需具備扎實的語言功底外，還應謹慎小心應對。本講總結(jié)了解答完形填空的5大易錯點，旨在讓考生遇到此類題目時不要急于求成，要三思而判。
易錯點1 因缺乏全篇關聯(lián)思維而錯選
語篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進行準確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。對于此類題目，一定要堅持這樣一個原則——不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合思維再做判定。
[典例1] During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits. I 41.jumped_at the idea f taking the class because, after all, wh desn't want t 42.save a few dllars? ...
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a frmer graduate returning t teach, and this 48.jb was n game fr him; he meant business. In his intrductin, he made it 49.clear that ur credits wuld be hard-earned. In rder t 50.pass the class, amng ther criteria, we had t write a paper n hw we plan t 51.apply what we wuld learn in class t ur future prfessins and, 52.eventually,_t ur lives. I managed t get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the 54.classrm.
53. A．game B．presentatin
C．curse D．experiment
[分析] 選C 本題是典型的語篇層次題，只看題目所在的句子我們是無法確定答案的，此類題目需要綜合全篇來找線索。本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復現(xiàn)。第一段“was ffering a ‘free’ curse”中的curse是第53空的原詞復現(xiàn)，故選C項。
[典例2]
...
The 46.stry began during my first week at cllege.I watched as the ASL Club 47.perfrmed their translatin f a sng.Bth the hand mvements and the very 48.idea f cmmunicating withut speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was cmpletely unlike anything I had experienced in the newness just left me 51.wanting mre.
After that, feeling the need t __52__ further, I decided t drp in n ne f ASL club's meetings.I nly learned hw t 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead f being discuraged by my 54.slw prgress, I was excited.I then made it a pint t 55.attend thse meetings and learn all I culd.
...
52．A.exercise B．explre
C．express D．explain
[分析] 選B 本題是語篇層次題，需要綜合空格上一段和空格所在段落來尋找突破口。本題可以利用文章發(fā)展脈絡解題。所節(jié)選部分文章發(fā)展脈絡為：大學第一周我觀看了美式手語俱樂部的表演→我被表演所吸引→我想進一步學習更多手語方面的知識→我參加俱樂部的會議。根據(jù)文章發(fā)展脈絡可知，第52題是在作者觀看了美式手語俱樂部的表演后感受到了進一步“探索”(explre)的必要。故答案為B項。
易錯點2 因不能正確區(qū)分形近(義近)詞而錯選
完形填空題選項中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)一些形近詞或義近詞讓考生辨析，因為詞形相近或意義相近，無形中增加了難度，如果考生對這些詞掌握得不好或不著眼于語篇的意義便很容易選錯。
[典例1] I started ding anything I culd t help them build a little 25.pride. Mst imprtant, I began t treat them like26.winners. That summer, when the ther teams enjyed their 27.vacatins,_we met every day and 28.practiced passing and kicking the ftball.
...
Frm the experience I learned a lt abut hw the attitude f the leader can 33.affect the members f a team. Instead f seeing my bys as lsers, I pushed and 34.encuraged them. I helped them t see themselves __35__， and they built themselves int winners.
35．A.hnestly B．individually
C．calmly D．differently
[分析] 選D 四個備選項在形式上非常相似，它們都是副詞，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。聯(lián)系上句中的“Instead f seeing my bys as lsers”以及上文的“treat them like 26.winners”可知，此處是指“我?guī)退麄冇貌煌姆绞?differently)看待自己”。hnestly“老實地，誠實地”；individually“個人地”；calmly“平靜地”。
[典例2]Fr a lng time Gabriel didn't want t be invlved in music at all. In his first years f high schl, Gabriel wuld lk pityingly at the music students, __36__ acrss the campus with their heavy instrument cases ...
36．A.travelling B．marching
C．pacing D．struggling
[分析] 選D 四個備選項在含義上比較相近，考生很容易因分不清它們的含義而失分。由空前的“l(fā)k pityingly at the music students”以及空后的“heavy instrument cases”可知，Gabriel同情地看著那些背著重重的樂器箱子、艱難地穿過校園的音樂生，故struggle“艱難地行進”，符合語境。travel“長途行走，旅行”；march“齊步走，行進”；pace“來回踱步，走來走去”。
易錯點3 因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯選
在最近幾年的高考完形填空中，一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見不鮮，這往往也是考生容易忽視的地方。很多考生由于不懂這些熟詞的“新義”而出現(xiàn)思維堵塞，造成了不應有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析，以幫助考生熟悉其命題特點，從而跳出命題人設置的詞匯“陷阱”。
[典例1]Much t the family's surprise, Dennis stuck t his 52.prmise! He turned up at the hspital __53__ gifts fr the new mther Lindsey and her baby by. Lindsey's husband was ttally 54.astnished by the unexpected visit. “I dn't think we wuld have randmly invited him ver but we 55.appreciate it and the gifts.”
53．A.bearing B．cllecting
C．pening D．making
[分析] 選A 本文描述一個叫特蕾莎的老婦人沉浸在為人祖母的喜悅當中，她把小寶貝的照片發(fā)給了陌生人丹尼斯，但是丹尼斯卻回復短信說他會去醫(yī)院看望小孩，并與小孩合影。本段主要描述特蕾莎一家沒有想到丹尼斯真的來到醫(yī)院，還帶來了禮物，她們非常感動。bear是一個多義詞，用作動詞，最常見的意思為“承受，忍受”，除此之外還有“承擔(責任)；支撐，承受(重量)；顯示；帶有；攜帶；生(孩子)；開(花)；結(jié)(果實)”等。根據(jù)語境，在此意為“攜帶”。
[典例2] One day I 46.met a frmer classmate f mine wh was47.making a lt f mney running a sideline (副業(yè))．Since his regular jb was48.bring,_I asked him why he just didn't d his sideline fulltime.He said withut the jb, he wuld__49__ have t much time and wuld just d what I did back in 50.cllege. He said that if he51.quit the jb, he wuld lse his52.drive t wrk and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hpefully D．simply
[分析] 選D 根據(jù)句意可知，他說如果沒有那份工作，他確實會有很多時間。simply“確實，簡直”。此處simply這個詞屬于熟詞生義，我們比較熟悉它的義項是：簡單地，簡樸地。
易錯點4 因詞匯理解障礙而錯選
在完形填空題的設題上，命題者往往還將一些考生平常容易忽視的詞匯設置成選項，從而造成考生錯選。對于這些詞匯，考生在平時必須引起重視，背熟記熟。
[典例1]
...
The fllwing term, I __56__ an ASL class. The prfessr was deaf and any talking was __57__. I sn realized that the silence was nt ,_if there had been any talking, it wuld have 59.caused us t learn less.Nw, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way f cmmunicatin it pens.
56．A.missed B．passed
C．gave up D．registered fr
57．A.prhibited B．welcmed
C．ignred D．repeated
[分析] 56.選D 57.選A 后文的語境中介紹了ASL課堂上教授的情況(教授是個失聰?shù)娜?以及在課堂上作者的感悟，由此可判斷作者在下學期報名參加了這門課程。故第56題應選擇D項，register fr表示“登記，報名參加(課程)”。文中兩次出現(xiàn)的“silence”以及“if there had been any talking, it wuld have 59.caused us t learn less”都表明，在手語課上任何談話都是被禁止的，故第57題選擇A項，prhibit表示“禁止”。此部分選項中的register fr和prhibit都是考生相對陌生的考綱詞匯，所以一些考生會因為詞匯積累不夠，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
[典例2] A Trnt man is ffering a free rund-the-wrld air ticket t the right wman. But __41__apply. Yu must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian 42.passprt.
41．A.benefits B．depsits
C．restrictins D．examinatins
[分析] 選C 該選段是文章第一段。空后介紹這位能夠獲得免費環(huán)游世界機票的女士的名字必須是Elizabeth Gallagher，而且必須持有加拿大護照。這些都是限制條件。故選擇C項，restrictin表示“限制規(guī)定”。restrictin也在考綱之內(nèi)，許多考生卻因不熟悉這個詞匯而造成誤選。benefit“優(yōu)勢，好處”；depsit“訂金，押金”；examinatin“檢查，考試”。
易錯點5 因慣性思維而錯選
在英語學習中，由于種種原因，如考生的母語、知識面、思維習慣等都有可能令考生出現(xiàn)一些思維定式現(xiàn)象，即不善于思考，考慮問題不全面，導致誤解一些題目，從而抑制思維能力的發(fā)展。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況：
(1)學習單詞時受到的思維定式影響
有些考生學習英語單詞過于簡單化，僅記其中文意思，而不深刻理解其實際用法和英漢用法之間的細微差異。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed t d sth.來表達。
(2)學習詞組或習慣用語時受到的思維定式影響
例如：學習了wait fr這個詞組以后，有的考生在做題過程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介詞時就毫不猶豫地選擇fr。但在“He stpped his car t wait at the red light.”中就不用fr。
[典例1] One day, when she was five years ld, she was walking with her mther in dwntwn Winnipeg. They saw a man __36__ ut f a garbage can. She asked her mther why he did that, and her mther said that the man was hmeless and hungry.
36．A.jumping B．eating
C．crying D．waving
[分析] 選B 受思維習慣的影響，考生易誤選A項，因為jump ut f 是常見搭配。但根據(jù)下文的“the man was hmeless and hungry”可知，她們看見一個人在垃圾桶里撿東西吃。故選B。
[典例2] __41__ January 26, Billy and three ther children had died.
41．A.Frm B．On
C．By D．After
[分析] 選C 受思維習慣的影響，考生可能會根據(jù)“在具體的某一天前用介詞n”而誤選B項。因為句子的謂語使用的是過去完成時，因此應用by?！癰y＋時間”與完成時連用，后跟過去的時間時，用過去完成時；跟將來的時間時，用將來完成時。句意：截至1月26日，Billy和其他三個孩子都去世了。
例子4
2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國乙卷）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut ___41___ smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ___43___.
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was ___44___ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur ___45___ research results in child develpmental psychlgy ___46___ that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r ___48___. We then asked the child if she culd ___49___ r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: ____51____ children said that they culdn’t ____52____ t her.
A number f ____53____ ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects ____54____ the questins and knew ____55____ what was asked f them. Their ____56____ t the questins reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd ____60____ when thers use it.
41. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
42. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
43. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
44. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
45. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
46. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
47. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
48. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
49. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
50. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
51. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
52. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
53. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins
54. A. cmprehendedB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
55. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly
56. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
57. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
58. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
59. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
60. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
隨堂練習
2021 年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考 I 卷）
My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes fr all its ____42____thrughut Cleveland. It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr ____43____ help during ur spring break, fr which I had n____44____ beynd listening t my favrite recrds. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see hw a factry____46____. My parents thught all f this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nse.____49____ bunny frm the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sunds._____51_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I tld my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little mre high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ .
Dad ____53____. The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd_____54_____ fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu_____55_____ the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.
41. A. sldB. rderedC. madeD. reserved
42. A. stresB. familiesC. schlsD. citizens
43. A. generusB. financialC. technicalD. temprary
44. A. plansB. prblemsC. excusesD. hbbies
45. A. fferB. earnC. setD. suggest
46. A. wrkedB. clsedC. develpedD. survived
47. A. ambitinB. permissinC. experienceD. invitatin
48. A. jysB. ideasC. rlesD. chices
49. A. SaveB. KeepC. StpD. Remve
50. A. harderB. betterC. lngerD. cheaper
51. A. Calm dwnB. Slw dwnC. Stay nD. Mve n
52. A. indicatedB. witnessedC. expectedD. remembered
53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused
54. A. tastingB. findingC. sharingD. delivering
55. A. withdrawB. dnateC. receiveD. appreciate
2021年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國II卷）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended t be smene else many times,and has even learned t ____21____ different dialects（方言），leading t him being described as an “Oscar-winning actr".
The 60-year-ld is nt an actr, but a ____22____ Hwever,he is mre devted t his “____23____ "than any real actr.
In the 1990s, a grup f thieves ften sld stlen gds with the help f sme beggars. T lk int the ____24____，Wang disguised（偽裝）himself and ____25____ the beggars. Dirty shrts and ld shes gave him the ____26____ f a real beggar and his cnvincing dialect sn wn him the ____27____ f the beggars.
“I ften ____28____ them t drink alchl. Once they were ____29____,they began t talk a lt,"Wang said. “I'd then ____30____ myself t use the tilet, ____31____ what the beggars said, and send the ____32____ t my teammates.”
Wang，wh is ften in ____33____ situatins， is als a jud （柔道） master. “As lng as I get clse enugh, n criminal can ____34____ frm me," he said.
Wang's ____35____ wn him several hnrs, including a Natinal May Day Labr Medal and 11 Citatins f Merit.Paris.
21. A. teachB. cmpareC. assessD. speak
22. A. lawyerB. dctrC. plicemanD. businessman
23. A. rleB. studyC. familyD. audience
24. A. minrB. caseC. futureD. questin
25. A. interviewedB. jinedC. arrestedD. assisted
26. A. challengeB. experienceC. appearanceD. freedm
27. A. vteB. sympathyC. permissinD. trust
28. A. invitedB. frcedC. helpedD. expected
29. A. drunkB. desertedC. bredD. lst
30. A. guideB. persuadeC. excuseD. allw
31. A. refer tB. nte dwnC. ask abutD. miss ut
32. A. planB. agreementC. directinD. infrmatin
33. A. awkwardB. dangerusC. unfrtunateD. strange
34. A. separateB. recverC. escapeD. hear
35. A. curageB. hnestyC. kindnessD. ptimism
什么是“題文齊讀”
為什么要“題文齊讀”
顧名思義就是一邊讀文，一邊用眼睛的余光掃一下題目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是協(xié)調(diào)配合、相互印證的。要做到雙眼聚焦(一眼側(cè)重于讀文，一眼側(cè)重于掃描對應的選項)，眼腦共用(邊讀文邊思考，對各空的選項有一個初判)。這項技能對考生的要求較高，運用此法要保證注意力高度集中，要具備較強的聚合思維?？忌谄綍r的訓練中要多嘗試應用才能默化成規(guī)，內(nèi)化于心。
(1)一篇約250詞的短文存在15處的空格，信息的殘缺不全造成文意理解的較大障礙。不看選項，不進行初判，“硬啃式”讀文會造成越讀越難，到后面甚至讀得心煩意亂，從而造成文意理解的偏差。
(2)完形填空大部分題目是送分或保分題目，通過邊讀邊預判是能做對大部分的，隨著一部分空格不斷被填補還原，文意也就越來越明顯，讀文障礙會越來越少。“題文齊讀”可大大縮減讀文和答題時間。