第17講 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題（練）-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新教材新高考）（原卷版+解析版）

這是一份第17講 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題（練）-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新教材新高考）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含第17講閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題練-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)新教材新高考原卷版docx、第17講閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題練-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)新教材新高考解析版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共19頁， 歡迎下載使用。

根據(jù)文章選擇正確的選項(xiàng)
1.（2023年浙江紹興高三統(tǒng)考）As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. Besides vlunteering t deliver grceries fr free, New Yrkers als reached ut t translate the Invisible Hands flyers int ver a dzen languages, enabling the rganisatin t reach ut t mre members f the cmmunity.
What des the underlined phrase “take its tll” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause great damage.B．Reduce the impact.
C．Fill a huge gap.D．Recver slwly.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線短語所在句子“As the pandemic began t take its tll n New Yrk in March 2020, Invisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive utpuring f supprt frm like-minded individuals in the cmmunity. (2020年3月，隨著大流行病開始在紐約take its tll，Invisible Hands Deliver組織目睹了社區(qū)中志同道合者的大力支持。)”可知，疫情期間社區(qū)中志同道合的人們伸出援助之手，大力支持社區(qū)的人們，這說明疫情造成了巨大損失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，畫線短語“take its tll”意為“造成很大損失”，故選A。
2.（2023年浙江寧波高三校聯(lián)考）The bare fact is that we will cntinue t imprve ur intelligent machines. We have prblems that we desperately need t slve. S we will d this, if we can. The train is already ut f the statin, and there’s n brake t pull. If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine, and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
What des the underlined wrd “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Disable.B．Inspire.C．Disappint.D．Outpace.
【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半部分“If we build machines that are mre intelligent than we are, they will very likely develp in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我們制造出比我們更聰明的機(jī)器，它們很可能以我們無法想象的方式發(fā)展）可知，當(dāng)機(jī)器人比我們更聰明時(shí)，它們的一些方式可能是我們無法想象，甚至在某些方面會(huì)超出我們的想象，所以劃線詞此處指“超越”，A項(xiàng)“使失去能力”；B項(xiàng)“啟發(fā)，鼓舞”；C項(xiàng)“使失望”；D項(xiàng)“超越”，故選D。
3.（2023年浙江寧波高三校聯(lián)考）The Natinal Merit Schlarship is ne awarded t thse wh d well n the Preliminary SAT r the Natinal Merit Schlarship Qualifying Test. The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense filtering f abut 1.6 millin entries.
What des the underlined wrd “filtering” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Selecting.B．Cperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“The Natinal Merit Schlarship Crpratin will grant arund 7,600 students the schlarship after an intense”以及后文“f abut 1.6 millin entries”可知，國家優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金公司是從約160萬名申請(qǐng)者中選出7600名學(xué)生發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。故畫線詞意思是“選擇”。故選A。
（2023年湖北襄陽四中模擬測(cè)試）
It may seem very different, but babies are certainly nt lying arund randmly. “Babies dn’t explre the wrld by chance, with their eyes falling n it. Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select.” says Dr Francesc Pli.
That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一段“Babies have a strategy if they want t understand the wrld. First, they lk fr thse pieces f infrmatin that allw them t understand ther infrmatin faster and mre efficiently. On the cntrary, if they see an bject r event frm which they can learn nthing further, they simply reject it. Only the infrmatin useful t them, they select, says Dr Francesc Pli. (如果嬰兒想要了解這個(gè)世界，他們會(huì)有自己的策略。首先，他們尋找那些能讓他們更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他們看到一個(gè)他們無法進(jìn)一步了解的物體或事件，他們就會(huì)直接拒絕它。他們只選擇對(duì)他們有用的信息。Francesc Pli博士說)”以及文章第三段“That sunds easier, even fr a baby, than dne. But hw des a baby knw what is imprtant and what is nt?(即使對(duì)嬰兒來說，這聽起來容易做起來難。但是嬰兒怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此處的That指代的應(yīng)該是有策略地學(xué)習(xí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2023年湖北黃岡中學(xué)?？级＃?br>Just 17 mnths earlier, this trip had seemed impssible. In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes (糖尿病). She says, “I felt s lw, thinking, ‘What am I ging t d nw in life, stuck with this?’”
The news put in jepardy all Mavani’s hpes f travelling. She retired the year befre and her sn eventually flew the nest. “I felt free. It was my chance. I thught, ‘Hray, I can enjy life.’” But her diagnsis made Mavani scared t leave the huse. Her elder sister came t help, but Mavani “culdn’t walk t the lcal park” withut feeling unwell. Very slwly, Mavani built herself up frm walking arund the blck t taking gentle gym classes. It was there that she met Hazel, wh invited her t a talk abut climbing Kilimanjar.
What des the underlined part “put in jepardy” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Revealed.B．Inspired.C．Annunced.D．Threatened.
【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一段的“In May 2017, Mavani was diagnsed with type I diabetes.（2017年5月，Mavani被診斷出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病）”可知，劃線短語前的the news指的是Mavani被診斷出患有Ⅰ型糖尿病這件事，這件事肯定是危及到她的旅行計(jì)劃，所以劃線短語put in jepardy的意義為“使處于險(xiǎn)境”。故選D項(xiàng)。
6.（2023年江蘇南京金陵中模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
As parents, we always hpe t develp character traits in ur children that will enhance their success in life. When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth.
Der Tth Fairy，
Pleze leve me yr majik wand(杖). I want t be a tth fairy, t.
Luv Meegan
Recgnizing ptential leadership skills, precius pprtunity and the teachable mment, the “Tth Fairy” left the fllwing nte fr little Meegan:
What des the underlined phrase “the teachable mment” refer t?
A．Meegan lst a tth.B．Meegan wrapped a tth.
C．Meegan wrte a nte.D．Meegan received a nte.
【答案】C
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“When ur daughter Meegan, the eldest f five children, lst her frnt tth at the age f six, we fund the fllwing nte wrapped arund the tiny tth. Pleze leve me yr majik wand. I want t be a tth fairy, t.(當(dāng)我們的女兒Meegan，五個(gè)孩子中最大的一個(gè)，在六歲時(shí)失去了門牙時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)下面的紙條包裹在這顆小牙齒上。請(qǐng)給我你的魔杖，我也想成為一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan給牙仙子寫了一個(gè)紙條表達(dá)自己的愿望，父母抓住這個(gè)教育的契機(jī)，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子進(jìn)行交流。所以“the teachable mment(可教的時(shí)刻)”指的是Meegan給牙仙子寫了一個(gè)紙條表達(dá)自己的愿望（Meegan wrte a nte），父母抓住這個(gè)教育的契機(jī)。故選C。
7.（2023年江蘇南京金陵中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Meanwhile, it appears that schls are trying hard t figure ut hw t cunteract the use f ChatGPT. Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. Sme are turning t mre in-class essays, while thers are lking at hw they can incrprate the technlgy int the classrm.
What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “cunteract” in paragraph 5?
A．reduceB．increaseC．supprtD．delay
【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Many schls have banned ChatGPT n schl devices and netwrks, and educatrs are adjusting their teaching styles. (許多學(xué)校已經(jīng)禁止在學(xué)校設(shè)備和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上使用ChatGPT，教育工作者正在調(diào)整他們的教學(xué)風(fēng)格)”可推測(cè)，上文的意思是“與此同時(shí)，學(xué)校似乎正在努力找出如何抵制ChatGPT的使用”也就是減少ChatGPT的使用，故cunteract意為“減少”，和reduce同義，故選A。
（2023年江蘇南通海安高級(jí)中學(xué)統(tǒng)考）
“One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities,” Michael Wldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in Lndn, UK, tld The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false.
What des the underlined wrd “falsities” mean in the last but ne paragraph?
A．False infrmatin.B．Smething new.
C．Varius resurces.D．Timely respnses.
【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章劃線單詞所在段最后一句“This means that ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld — it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces but it cannt decide what is true r false. (這意味著ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它從各種資源中學(xué)習(xí)信息，但它無法決定什么是真的還是假的。)”可知，劃線單詞所在句子One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with falsities的意思是：ChatGPT最大的問題之一是，它很自信地帶著謊言回來了。可知最后一段中，帶下劃線的單詞的意思是“虛假信息”，故選A。
9.（2023年福建福州高中模擬預(yù)測(cè)）The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
What des the underlined wrd ”deemed“ in paragraph4 prbably mean?
A．Believed.B．Persuaded.C．Perfrmed.D．Advcated.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins.(這表明，僅僅與類人機(jī)器人接觸不足以讓人們相信它有思想和情感)”可知，現(xiàn)在的研究并不能讓人們相信類人機(jī)器人真正擁有思想和情感，這種類似人類的行為可能是被視為有意行為的關(guān)鍵。由此可知，劃線詞deemed與上文中的believe意思相近。故選A。
10.（2023年湖南長(zhǎng)沙雅禮中學(xué)二模）
A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. At first, I just sunded harse when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin. But befre lng, I culdn’t even say “Yes please” t a cup f tea withut sunding like an unusually breathless Minnie Muse. After cnsulting an ear, nse and thrat specialist, I was tld that I had lst my vice due t stress.
What des the underlined wrd “harse” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Unable t speak.
B．Unable t express neself.
C．(Sunding) sweet and smth.
D．(Sunding) rugh and unpleasant.
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面一句中的“A few years ag, when I was caring fr my seriusly ill father, I lst my vice. (幾年前，當(dāng)我照顧重病的父親時(shí)，我失聲了。)”以及下文的“when I was having difficult cnversatins abut Dad’s cnditin (當(dāng)我艱難地談?wù)摪职值牟∏闀r(shí))”可推斷，作者說話比較困難，所以聲音應(yīng)該是變得沙啞難聽，故選D。
11.（2023年湖南師大附中一模）A few weeks earlier, the families here had learned the district was planning t diminish the Filipin language prgram at Lngfellw Elementary Schl by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, decreasing the number f spts available by rughly half. Lcated in San Francisc’s Excelsir neighbrhd, the schl hsts a large Filipin student bdy. Its full-day language prgram is ne f just a handful f prgrams thrughut the cuntry ffering an elementary schl-level ethnic studies curriculum.
What des the underlined wrd “diminish” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cntinue.B．Launch.C．End.D．Reduce.
【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“by cmbining its kindergarten and first-grade classes, reducing the number f spts available by rughly half.(將幼兒園和一年級(jí)的班級(jí)合并，將招生名額減少大約一半)”可知，通過將幼兒園和一年級(jí)的課程合并，該校減少了大約一半的招生名額。由此可知，該地區(qū)計(jì)劃減少菲律賓語言項(xiàng)目，即diminish意為“減少”，與shrink同義。故選D。
（2023湖南長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）
Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans, and nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2, we will suffcate even if there is abundant xygen. The prpsed abslute best-case scenari (設(shè) 想)fr changing Mars leaves us with an atmsphere we are incapable f breathing.
What des the underlined wrd “suffcate” mean in Paragraph4?
A．Chke.
B．Faint.
C．Hurt.
D．Explde..
【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Fr an atmsphere with Earth’s atmspheric pressure, CO2 levels as high as 1 per cent can cause sleepiness in humans（在與地球大氣壓相當(dāng)?shù)拇髿庵?，二氧化碳濃度高達(dá)1%就會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類嗜睡）”，由此推知“nce we reach levels f 10 per cent CO2（一旦我們達(dá)到10%的二氧化碳水平）”人們可能會(huì)“窒息”，所以劃線詞suffcate的意思應(yīng)該是“窒息”。故選A。
（2023年湖南長(zhǎng)沙一中三模）
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Which can best replace the wrd “depsiting” in Paragraph 3?
A．leavingB．hidingC．remvingD．detecting
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it.”(但它們并不是想把便便埋起來。他們想讓其他動(dòng)物注意到它)”可推斷出，“They are depsiting smell in thse areas”中的“depsiting smell”意為“留下氣味”。故選A。
（2023廣東深圳·外國語學(xué)校階段練習(xí)）
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
What des the underlined wrd “revamped” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Challenged.B．Offered.C．Adjusted.D．Distributed.
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。第二段提到“The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.”（這家漢堡連鎖店從1979年開始銷售這種餐點(diǎn)。2018年，在人們普遍擔(dān)心快餐店的兒童餐后，該公司將其選擇revamped卡路里、鈉、飽和脂肪和糖含量較低的食品。），由此判斷，1979年開始麥當(dāng)勞就開始售賣開心樂園餐，但到了2018年的時(shí)候漢堡里卡路里、鈉、飽和脂肪和糖的含量變少，說明麥當(dāng)勞就漢堡的配方進(jìn)行了調(diào)整和修改。A. Challenged.挑戰(zhàn)；B. Offered.提供；C. Adjusted.調(diào)整；D. Distributed.分配；分發(fā)。C項(xiàng)adjust（調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)）符合文意。故選C。
（2023廣東深圳外國語學(xué)校模擬測(cè)試）
This study cmes ahead f a United Natins meeting in China t discuss bidiversity(生物多樣性) gals fr the next decade. Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive utcmes fr species.
What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ding smething psitive.B．Organizing the meeting.
C．Talking abut bidiversity.D．Expanding prtected areas.
【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Several cuntries have already cmmitted t prtecting 30 percent f the planet by 2030, yet the researchers say this alne des nt necessarily guarantee psitive ut- cmes fr species.(一些國家已經(jīng)承諾到2030年保護(hù)地球的30%，然而，研究人員表示，僅憑這一點(diǎn)并不一定能保證對(duì)物種產(chǎn)生積極的影響。)”可知, 一些國家已經(jīng)承諾到2030年時(shí)將保護(hù)地球30％的土地，此處的this指上文提到的“承諾到2030年保護(hù)地球的30%”也就是承諾“擴(kuò)大保護(hù)區(qū)域”。故選D項(xiàng)。
用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空
（2023年全國乙卷D篇）
The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的有文化社會(huì)和無文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對(duì)過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對(duì)象。所以cnversatin指的是“歷史”。故選B。
（2022年新課標(biāo)I卷C篇）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
30．What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Imprve.B．Oppse.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.
【答案】C
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.” (彭福街60號(hào)的額外護(hù)理經(jīng)理Wendy Wilsn是第一批參與該項(xiàng)目的人之一，她說：“居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣?！?”可知，Wendy Wilsn是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，也是做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)始人之一，因此可知，畫線處embark n意為“開始著手做某事”，與C項(xiàng)“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2022年新課標(biāo)II卷C篇）
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
（2022年全國甲卷C篇）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28．Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lst memries.D．Stick t a prmise.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大學(xué)獲得相關(guān)藝術(shù)學(xué)位后，Ginni開始周游世界，最終在日本和智利找到了教英語的工作。)”可知，此處是指做有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情，所以take the plunge意為“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”。故選A。
(2022年全國乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29.What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety. B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair. D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【答案】C
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和 C項(xiàng)：Inspectin and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
（2022年浙江卷6月）
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.
28．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a(chǎn) has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。
（2021年全國乙卷）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個(gè)調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認(rèn)了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“cncede”意為“承認(rèn)”。故選A項(xiàng)。
8.（2021年新高考I卷）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
【答案】C
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護(hù)的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
（2021年新高考II卷）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
【答案】
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動(dòng)越來越多，我們白天讓它們?cè)诜孔永镒杂苫顒?dòng)，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會(huì)）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我們?cè)缟舷聵菚r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會(huì)調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動(dòng)物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
（2021年浙江卷1月）
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. ”
9．What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。首先根據(jù)第三段中的“They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.(在這方面，它們是唯一看起來像人類語言的東西)”可知，黑猩猩的手勢(shì)交流很像我們?nèi)祟愓Z言的交流方式。但是根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatins.(此外，這些含義似乎并不超越其他動(dòng)物通過非語言交流所傳達(dá)的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手勢(shì)的交流方式還是和我們語言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“S, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看來差異依然存在)”。由此可知，劃線詞gulf與difference意思接近。故選A。
10.（2021年浙江卷6月）
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
26. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. recrdsB. predictsC. delaysD. cnfirms
【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“a film”可知，本句主語是一部電影，下文“the birth f the Wrld Netwrk (世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生)”解釋了這部電影的主旨。由此推知，劃線詞charts意為“記錄、描繪”，與“recrds”意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)。