2024屆高考英語一輪總復習選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ScienceFiction單元主題訓練

這是一份2024屆高考英語一輪總復習選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ScienceFiction單元主題訓練，共10頁。
UNIT 1 單元主題訓練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ACatching nearly 4,000 wild butterflies with handheld nets and taking the temperature of each tiny insect must rank among the harder of scientific efforts.However, researchers have discovered significant differences in the ability of British butterflies to maintain a suitable temperature, raising fears that global heating will threaten the populations of some species.Butterflies are ectotherms-unable to generate their own body heat and require warm temperatures to fly.However, extreme temperatures can pose problems, particularly for those butterflies that must find shady habitats to regulate(調(diào)節(jié)) their body temperature.The study shows that larger, paler butterflies are best able to protect themselves from extreme temperatures, changing the angles of their reflective wings in relation to the sun to direct heat away from or on to their bodies.The surrounding temperature of the butterfly's perch (棲息處), or air temperature, was also taken, which indicated the degree to which butterflies were seeking specific locations to regulate their body temperature.Darker, large species have greater difficulty controlling their body temperature, but even they are better than “thermal specialists”， which rely on finding a spot at a specific temperature in a landscape—a “microclimate”—to control their body temperature.“After being caught in butterfly nets on British nature reserves, the 29 different species of butterflies' temperatures were taken with a fine probe.As we plan conservation measures to address the effects of climate change, it will be important to understand not only the habitat requirements of different butterfly species, but also their temperature requirements，” said Dr Ed Turner, of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, who led the work.“With this new understanding of butterflies, we should be able to better manage habitats and landscapes to protect them, and in doing so we're probably also protecting other insects too.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了科學家在測量蝴蝶體溫時發(fā)現(xiàn)它們調(diào)節(jié)體溫的能力差異很大，由此擔心全球變暖會影響蝴蝶某些物種的數(shù)量。這些科學家還深入研究了蝴蝶調(diào)節(jié)體溫的方法，以便保護蝴蝶和其他昆蟲。1．Why did scientists take the temperatures of butterflies?A．To seek solutions to global heating.B．To uncover climate threats to them.C．To classify them into different species.D．To stress the toughness of scientific research.解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“然而，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國蝴蝶在維持合適溫度的能力上存在顯著差異，這引發(fā)了人們對全球變暖將威脅某些物種數(shù)量的擔憂”可知，這項實驗揭露了氣候變化對蝴蝶的威脅。2．How do larger, paler butterflies regulate their temperature?A．By angling their wings.B．By generating the body heat.C．By choosing a microclimate.D．By making use of their colour.解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，體型更大、顏色更淺的蝴蝶是通過改變翅膀的角度來調(diào)節(jié)體溫的。3．On what basis do butterflies seek specific locations?A．Finding a nature reserve.B．Attracting other butterflies.C．Adapting to climate change.D．Perceiving the surroundings.解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，科學家對蝴蝶棲息地周圍環(huán)境的溫度進行測量，得到了蝴蝶尋找特定位置來調(diào)節(jié)體溫的程度的結(jié)論，從側(cè)面表明蝴蝶尋找棲息地的時候?qū)Νh(huán)境是有要求的。4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Understanding of/about butterflies should be strengthened.B．Better management of butterfly habitats is popular.C．Protecting butterflies can lead to additional benefits.D．Goals of protecting butterflies have been achieved.解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，保護蝴蝶的同時還可以保護其他昆蟲，即保護蝴蝶還有額外的好處。BThe lander carrying China's first Mars rover successfully touched down on the red planet early Saturday morning Beijing Time.It is the first time that China has landed a probe on a planet other than Earth.Tianwen-1, consisting of an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southern China's island province of Hainan on July 23, 2020.This is the first step in China's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the purpose of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission.The name Tianwen, meaning “questions to Heaven”， comes from a poem written by the ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC)．China's first Mars rover is named Zhurong after the god of fire in ancient Chinese mythology, which echoes with the Chinese name of the red planet: Huoxing (the planet of fire)．Tianwen-1 was launched via a Long March-5 rocket, China's largest launch vehicle.Tianwen-1 has been travelling in space for nearly 10 months.It has carried out four orbital corrections and a deep-space maneuver.It had flown 475 million km and was 192 million km from Earth when it reached Mars orbit.The craft's plummet through the Martian atmosphere, lasting about nine minutes, was extremely complicated with no ground control, and had to be performed by the spacecraft autonomously.“Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a succession of complex activities that must be conducted completely by the spacecraft within a very short period of time，” said Geng Yan, an official with the Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center of the CNSA.“What added to the difficulties was that we don't know much about the Martian atmosphere, which brought a lot of uncertainties to the mission.Each step had only one chance, and the actions were closely linked.If there had been any flaw, the landing would have failed.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了搭載中國首個火星探測器的著陸器“天問一號”成功著陸在紅色星球上，這是中國第一次在地球以外的行星上著陸探測器。文章介紹了“天問一號”的任務、名字由來以及任務的艱巨性。5．What is the mission of Tianwen-1?A．To record the wind speed on Mars.B．To explore the atmosphere of Mars.C．To search for aliens in the solar system.D．To accomplish three major tasks on Mars.解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，“天問一號”的任務是在火星上完成三項主要任務。6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The introduction of the poet Qu Yuan.B．The reasons for the craft landing on Mars.C．The origin of two names Tianwen and Zhurong.D．The importance of ancient Chinese mythology.解析：選C　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，第三段主要講了天問、祝融兩個名字的由來。7．What do the numbers in Paragraph 4 mainly indicate?A．The huge task of Tianwen-1.B．The surroundings of the Mars orbit.C．The expense of travelling in space.D．The size of the Long March-5 rocket.解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可推知，第四段的數(shù)字主要為了表明“天問一號”的艱巨任務。8．What can we know from Geng Yan's words?A．China's attempt to explore Mars is successful.B．Landing on Mars is a very challenging move.C．People are enthusiastic about exploring the universe.D．Tianwen-1 is essential to China's space station program.解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句和尾句可推知，耿巖的話表明登陸火星是一個非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的舉動。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process.As with any novel, you'll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose.__9__Remember that science fiction is about ideas.Different from other genres (類型), a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination.__10__ In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.For example, many early works of sci-fi make their question obvious.In War of the Worlds, the question is: What would happen to human society if it were invaded by technologically advanced aliens?__11__ It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn't mean you have a story.While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can't just be thought experiments.That means you're going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life.Ask yourself: What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main character?Create an interesting world.__12__The intricately (錯綜復雜地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story.In that way, the world you create in your sci-fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world.Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real-world questions and problems.Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci-fi novels apart from fantasy and surrealism (超現(xiàn)實主義) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys an internally consistent logic.__13__But it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable to the reader.A．Focus on character development.B．Make sure you're telling a good story.C．That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.D．That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.E．Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.F．A sci-fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.G．World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci-fi story.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了在科幻小說的創(chuàng)作中需要考慮的幾個獨特的因素。9．選C　上文“construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose”說明寫科幻小說和其他任何小說一樣，你都想要構(gòu)建一個令人滿意的情節(jié)、展開有趣的人物、寫出優(yōu)美、生動的散文。C項中“That said”表示進一步解釋，“requires many unique considerations(需要很多獨特的考慮因素)”是對上一句的補充說明。10．選E　下文“In sci-fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”說明在科幻小說中，這些問題可以是含蓄的，也可以是明確的。其中“those questions”與E項中“have some sense of the question”相呼應；下文舉例說明寫科幻小說中所提出的問題。11．選B　該空位于段首，應該是該段的主題句。下文“It's one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn't mean you have a story.”說明有了好的想法和設定并不意味著有好的故事；B項中“telling a good story”與下一句“have a story”語義相符；下文的“come up with an appealing story”也與B項中的“good story”相呼應。該段說明科幻小說要有吸引人的故事情節(jié)。12．選G　G項中“World building”與該段首句語義相符；下文“the world you create ...on the real world”說明科幻小說中創(chuàng)造出來的世界反映了現(xiàn)實世界的問題。G項與之相對應。13．選D　上文中的“no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys an internally consistent logic”說明無論這個世界多么奇怪或荒誕，它仍然遵循內(nèi)在一致的邏輯；D項中“That logic”承接上文中的“an internally consistent logic”。Ⅲ.完形填空One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future.In our __14__ we can see what has not yet happened.For example, while we are looking forward to __15__ a new place or country, we __16__ what it will be like.We predict the way people will eat, dress and act.Of course, we do not always predict things __17__.Things are often very different from the way we __18__ them to be.One of the __19__ dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been __20__ to work out a very difficult problem in physics.He had __21__ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there seemed to be no way of __22__ out the answer.Then one night he went to bed and dreamed.When he __23__ up, he realized that he knew the answer.He had solved the problem in his __24__.It is said that in order to figure out the process, the hypnotist (催眠師) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke __25__：“I want you to concentrate on my voice.And as you pay attention to my voice, your __26__ will get heavier.Soon you'll be asleep.You will hear my voice and __27__ my words, but your body will be asleep, and when you wake up you will remember nothing.Now I am going to __28__ slowly from one to five.One, two, three, four, five ...”語篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過德國科學家 Kekule 做夢解題的故事，說明了人類思維的神奇能力。14．A.brains  B．sensesC．minds  D．sights解析：選C　根據(jù)空前一句可知，人類思維最顯著的特點之一就是有想象未來的能力；據(jù)此可知，空處指“思維”，故C項正確。15．A.visiting  B．seekingC．reaching  D．discovering解析：選A　根據(jù)該句中的“a new place or country”可推知，當我們期望去參觀(visiting)某個新地方或新國家時，我們總是想象(imagine)那里會是什么樣子。16．A.imagine  B．knowC．feel  D．guess解析：選A　參見上題解析。17．A.quickly  B．simplyC．correctly  D．neatly解析：選C　根據(jù)空后一句可知，事情總是不同于我們預料(expected)的那樣；據(jù)此可以判斷，我們不是總能正確地(correctly)預測事情。18．A.required  B．wishedC．left  D．expected解析：選D　參見上題解析。expect “預料，預期”。19．A.funny  B．dullC．famous  D．silly解析：選C　該處陳述的是歷史上著名的德國科學家 Kekule 的夢。故C項符合語境。20．A.managing  B．tryingC．thinking  D．hoping解析：選B　根據(jù)該句語境可知，Kekule 一直在努力解一道物理難題；try to do sth.意為“努力做某事”，符合語境，故B項正確。21．A.studied  B．learnedC．discussed  D．searched解析：選A　根據(jù)該句語境可知，他從多個角度研究(studied)和分析了這個難題。22．A.bringing  B．findingC．turning  D．letting解析：選B　此處指似乎沒有辦法弄清答案。23．A.gave  B．sat  C．woke  D．got解析：選C　根據(jù)空前一句“Then one night he went to bed and dreamed”可知，空處所在句表示他醒來時意識到自己知道了答案。wake up為固定短語，意為“醒來”，故C項正確。24．A.dream  B．lessonC．research  D．exercise解析：選A　根據(jù)上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed ...he knew the answer”可知，他在夢(dream)中解決了這個難題。25．A.softly  B．loudlyC．slowly  D．firmly解析：選A　根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，此處是對Kekule進行催眠，故催眠師應是柔和地(softly)說著話。26．A.eyes  B．feetC．head  D．body解析：選A　根據(jù)常識可知，被催眠師催眠時，眼皮會變得沉重。故選A項。27．A.believe  B．repeatC．take  D．understand解析：選D　此處指聽到聲音并理解聽到的話。understand“理解，明白”符合語境。28．A.count  B．say  C．a(chǎn)dd  D．speak解析：選A　此處表示數(shù)數(shù)；A項意為“(按順序)數(shù)數(shù)”，符合語境。Ⅳ.語法填空The question of __1__ invented the computer cannot be answered with a single name.Throughout history, many different people have helped in the development of this __2__(value) machine.And many date the first important __3__(invent) to the fourth century BC when the abacus was developed.It could be said that the first computer __4__ could store programs was the 1949 Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.It __5__(create) by Maurice Wilkes.From this point forward, many developers helped to make various types of computer.In the early 1970s, many skilled inventors __6__(include) Bill Gates, Steve Jobs，and Steve Wozniak did much to develop personal computers in the form of PCs and Apples.By the 1990s, ownership of PCs became common as production grew __7__(expensive) than before.Also, with the development of technology, the size of these machines became smaller so that they could __8__(easy) be used in homes.There is no doubt __9__ there are so many thinkers and inventors who helped to develop the computer.There are even legal battles over who should be considered as the primary inventors.As __10__ matter of fact，it is their joint efforts that led to the development of this most useful machine.1．who　考查賓語從句。分析可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，又由句意“誰發(fā)明了計算機”可知，用who來引導。2．valuable　考查形容詞。分析可知，空處作定語，修飾名詞machine，故用形容詞valuable。3．invention　考查名詞。分析可知，空處作賓語且前面有“the first important”修飾，所以要用名詞。4．that　考查定語從句。分析可知，空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞computer，且computer被序數(shù)詞first修飾，同時設空處在從句中作主語，所以用that引導。5．was created　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。It(指代Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)與create之間是被動關系，且create表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。6．including　考查介詞。分析可知，Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, and Steve Wozniak與inventors之間是所屬關系，所以用介詞including(包括……在內(nèi))。7．less expensive　考查形容詞的比較級。由后面的than可知，空處應用比較級，且由句意“隨著生產(chǎn)費用降低，擁有計算機也變得普遍了”可知，在此要用降級比較。8．easily　考查副詞。修飾動詞used應用副詞。9．that　考查固定句型。There is no doubt that ...為固定句型，意為“毫無疑問……”。10．a(chǎn)　考查固定搭配。as a matter of fact為固定搭配，意為“事實上”。Ⅴ.應用文寫作科技的發(fā)展讓人們對未來的生活充滿期待。請你以“Life in the Future”為主題寫一篇演講稿，從環(huán)境、交通、人的壽命等方面想象一下未來的生活。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。　                                                                           　                                                                           　                                                                           　參考范文：Dear friends，As science and technology develop, I think life in the future will be greatly different from what it is today.First of all, our environment will be more pleasant, because electricity will be produced from clean energy instead of coal.Secondly, our cars, which may run not only on the road but also in the water, will be controlled by robots.In this way, traffic accidents will be greatly avoided.Additionally, some new medicine will be developed so that people can live longer.As a result, living to be 120 may be very common.In conclusion, I think life in the future will be much better than it is now.