2022-2023學年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷（解析版

這是一份2022-2023學年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷（解析版，共24頁。試卷主要包含了閱讀理解，閱讀七選五，完形填空，語法填空，短文改錯，書面表達等內容，歡迎下載使用。
?2023年河南省鄭州市高考英語二模試卷

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）
A
High school programs at the National Gallery of Art value depth over breadth，exploring original works of art through a single specific question or theme.
Studio Workshops
Single museum visit，2.5 hours Grades 9-12
These half-day art workshops include an in-depth examination and discussion of works of art in the galleries，followed by behind-the-scenes access to the Education Studio，where students create a related art project.
National Gallery of Art educators will encourage students to look carefully at works of art and then share their responses and come up with theories based on their observations.
Students will have the chance to create a work of art in the studio inspired by what they have seen in the galleries.
Museum Makers Exploring Art and Museums
Grades 11-12
The Museum Makers program explains how museums operate and what they have to offer.It gives upper-level high school students the tools to experience，understand and interpret art.Participants will gain an insider's view of how an art museum works.Students meet for seven Saturday sessions from 10：00 a.m.to 3：00 p.m.
Completion of the program requires attendance of all seven sessions.
Creative Writing
Grades 7-12，90 minutes
Students will provide a voice for their personal responses to art through creative writing while they are looking at a selection of artworks in the galleries.Using close observation，group discussion and personal reflection，they will be guided through exercises that use different writing forms，including free-form poetry.
A maximum of 30 students （minimum of 15）will be accepted at each session.
1. What can students do at Studio Workshops？ ______
A. Get basic training as an artist.
B. Put forward their own art theories.
C. Discuss with artists about their works.
D. Learn about artists，inspiration for their works.
2. What can students get from Museum Makers？ ______
A. Methods of how artworks are created.
B. Experience in running an art museum.
C. Knowledge about how an art museum works.
D. Academic credits for completing the program.
3. Which group can attend Creative Writing at a session？ ______
A. 15 college students. B. 10 Grade 9 students.
C. 25 Grade 10 students. D. 40 high school students.
B
I never imagined that someone telling me I looked skinny would anger me.And yet，I was made very angry when a colleague pinched my waist and screamed， "Rosa，you've lost weight.You look great." In The truth is that I was tired and not taking care of myself.I decided to start a proper weight-loss program.
The first to go would be road rage.I am in far less control of this weight than any other.Every time something gets in my path，I fly off the handle.I need to lose the road rage，and fast!No，no more speed.Instead，I now repeat the words： "I am not in a hurry." This year，I will drive safely，allowing "stupid" to happen all around me.From that，I hope to gain patience.
Next is guilt.When guilt drives my conscience to do better，it's functional.But when it presents itself as an internal dialogue that goes nowhere，it's useless.This year，I want to stop feeling guilty for not keeping a cleaner house，for spending time away from my children to be with friends，for not attending every party because I'd rather be at home，or for watching TV when I should be reading.My image and performance are not at the front of anyone else's mind but my own.From this，I hope to gain freedom to be myself.
The last is fear.Fear has held me back.Fear of failure has prevented me from being a writer.Fear of embarrassment has prevented me from giving an opinion.Fear of rejection has stopped me from aiming higher in my life.Fear of regret has led me into situations that made me uncomfortable.If I can lose any one of these fears，I stand to gain experience.
So，if I can lose the rage，shake off some guilt，and take fear off my plate，I stand to gain patience，freedom，and experience.Pound for pound I have not lost a thing but I will be much lighter.Next time，I hope my colleague looks me in the eye to see my glow instead of pinching part of me that has nothing to do with how great I really look.
4. What does the underlined part "fly off the handle" in paragraph 2 probably mean？ ______
A. Pick up speed. B. Drive off.
C. Feel quite nervous. D. Become very angry.
5. What has made the author feel guilty before？ ______
A. Attending too many parties.
B. Reading much with her children.
C. Wasting her time in watching TV.
D. Spending little time with her friends.
6. How has fear affected the author？ ______
A. It has prevented her achieving her goals.
B. It has stopped her furthering her education.
C. It has made it difficult for her to make friends.
D. It has caused her to quit her dream of being a teacher.
7. What does the author expect to gain from her weight-loss program？ ______
A. Respect. B. Independence. C. Optimism. D. Tolerance.
C
Six months before she died，my grandmother moved into an old people's home and I visited her there.The room was clean and warm，and the care assistants were kind and cheerful.A general knowledge quiz show was on the television，and the only other sound was snoring.People moved only when they needed to be helped to the bathroom.It was disappointing.Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren，but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people's homes in France.The idea is simple，but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities.In the afternoons，the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children，and if a child is feeling sad or tired，there is always a kind lap to sit on.
The advantages are huge for everyone concerned.The children are happy，because they get a lot more individual attention.The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed.And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries.There are many reasons for this，including the breakdown of the extended family，working parents with no time to care for ageing relations，families that have moved away，and smaller flats with no room for grandparents.But the result is the same-increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children，and more old people who are lonely and feel useless，along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support.Ifs a major problem in many societies.
That's why intergenerational programs，designed to bring the old and the young together，are growing in popularity all over the world.
8. What does the underlined word "residents" in paragraph 2 probably refer to？ ______
A. Old people. B. School teachers.
C. Assistants. D. Staff.
9. How were the old people at the home the author's grandmother was in？ ______
A. They felt lonely and useless.
B. They weren't allowed to be visited.
C. They weren't looked after properly.
D. They lived in a dirty and uncomfortable room.
10. What does the author think is a major problem in many societies today？ ______
A. The extended family is broken down.
B. There isn't much room for grandparents.
C. Working parents have no time to care for their children.
D. There isn't much contact between the old and the young.
11. What will be probably talked about later in the passage？ ______
A. Advice on how to communicate with children.
B. Plans for setting up more homes for old people.
C. Examples of successful intergenerational programs.
D. Ways of teaching entertainment skills to old people.
D
Microplastic pollution is increasing greatly around the globe，according to a study of plastic particles （微粒）carried in the air.
People are already known to breathe，drink and eat microplastics，and research suggests that pollution levels will continue to rise rapidly.The researchers said that breathing in these particles can be harmful to lung tissue and lead to serious diseases.
Professor Natalie Mahowald，at Cornell University in the US and part of the research team，said， " But maybe we could solve this before it becomes a huge problem，if we manage our plastics better，before they accumulate in the environment and move around everywhere."
The research，published in the journal Proceedings of the National Acadenry of Sciences，examined airborne （空氣傳播的）microplastics，which have been far less studied than plastics in oceans and rivers.
The team gathered more than 300 samples of airborne microplastics from 11 sites across the western US.These were the basis for atmospheric modeling that estimated the contribution from different sources （來源），and it was the first such study to do so.
They found that roads were the main factor （因素）in the western US，linked to about 85% of the microplastics in the air.These are likely to include particles from tires and brake pads on vehicles，and plastics from litter that had been broken down.
The researchers extended their modeling work to a global level and this suggested that while roads are also likely to be the major driver of airborne plastics in Europe，South America and Australia，plastic particles blown up from fields may be a much bigger factor in Africa and Asia.
Professor Andreas Stohl of the University of Vienna's Faculty of Earth Sciences said， "The study confirms the global-scale （全球規(guī)模的）nature of microplastic transport in the atmosphere and does a good job in highlighting highly relevant and concerning possibilities，but more measurement data is needed to get a better idea of the sources."
12. What can be known about microplastic pollution from this text？ ______
A. The particles can do great harm to our lungs.
B. Airborne microplastics have been widely studied.
C. It has become the most pressing environmental problem.
D. There is less plastic in the air than in oceans and rivers.
13. What did the researchers find out about microplastic pollution？ ______
A. Its results differ across many continents.
B. Africa and Asia are suffering most from it.
C. Roads and fields are largely to blame for it.
D. It spreads fast from one continent to another.
14. What should the researchers do next according to Professor Andreas Stohl？ ______
A. To predict the potential damage of microplastics.
B. To understand the nature of microplastic pollution.
C. To improve the method of collecting samples of microplastics.
D. To collect more data to understand the sources of microplastics.
15. What can be the best title for this text？ ______
A. Effects of microplastics on human health
B. Microplastic pollution on the global scale
C. Possible solutions to microplastic pollution
D. Microplastic pollution rising quickly in the air

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）
"Looking up，I find the moon bright；Bowing，in homesickness I'm drowned." When Ifeoma Gladys from Nigeria，first read the line from Li Bai's Thoughts on a Tranquil Night，the girl felt the poet's experiences and emotions （情感）. "I can't help but feel homesick，" said Gladys，22，who is studying Chinese Language and Literature at Southwest University.
From then on，the Nigerian girl fell in love with ancient Chinese poetry. （1） ______ For example，in Li Bai's poem Hard Is the Way of the World，Gladys felt the ambition and faith of tile poet.While reading Cao Cao's A Short Song，she learned that life is short and thus we should let go of the difficulties we couldn't overcome and value the present. （2） ______ In her eyes，it is how it can travel over the mountains and spread from the ancient past to the present，but never change its original intention，keeping its truth and emotional weight.
"This is what many popular novels and online articles are unable to do，" said the Nigerian girl. （3） ______ For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again." About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（4） ______ "Behind the beautiful poems，I discovered the wisdom of the Chinese people，the charm of Chinese culture，and the worldwide basis of Chinese culture as well，" said Gladys.
Now，the girl hopes to become a professional translator.（5） ______

A.She learned Chinese culture and wisdom through it.
B.What is the most attractive part of ancient Chinese poetry？
C.She gradually found foreign poems are different to Chinese poems.
D.How can ancient Chinese poetry attract so many people around the world？
E.The person born with a talent is meant to use it and will find great happiness.
F.She wants to promote Chinese culture and connect China with the whole world.
G.But she's more surprised how the cultural quality of Chinese poetry can reach audiences worldwide.

16. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. ?A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）
I was sitting in a chair having coffee when a text message from a former colleague woke me from my daydreams.
"Do you want to （1） ______ your rocking chair？"
I taught grades 1-2 for 17 years，and my dreams as a teacher were tied to that rocking chair.It was a （2） ______ idea to have it in my class.Every day after break time ，the class would （3） ______ around and listen to the story I was reading.When the students are close，they find the （4） ______ to share their stories，dreams and fears.The chair was part of my （5） ______ ，part of me.
（ 6） ______ ，I became unwell and couldn't keep teaching.I experienced （7） ______ anxiety and at last I was forced to （8） ______ the job.With my life as a teacher over，I needed a new path.And I didn't have to look far.
My husband and I （9） ______ one of my former students in 2017.The complexity of parenting a child who came to us at 9 years old changed our lives in （10） ______ ways.But it inspired the part of me that （11） ______ being a parent.We spent （12） ______ hours staying with books - healing，bonding and solidifying our family，which gave me a new purpose.
I joined a （13） ______ group of local moms.For about a year，I met with them weekly for walks or coffee.We came together to （14） ______ ，and then I started giving and receiving help，I gave driving practice to a single mom with her learner's license and received emotional support in （15） ______ I also took her son on hikes around the city.Another woman encouraged me to buy a stand-up paddleboard and gave me lessons.
My family，my books，（ 16） ______ a new purpose and belonging in a community -these are fulfilling the sense of self I used to （17） ______ as a teacher.I learned my （18） ______ doesn't need to change，I'm still honoring those core （核心的）values （19） ______ I'm working as a teacher.What about that rocking chair？I looked back at the text message，My answer was no，and I don't need the chair.I'll let it go to a new （20） ______ !
21. ?A. give away B. put back C. send out D. pick up
22. ?A. ridiculous B. magical C. strange D. simple
23. ?A. gather B. turn C. look D. run
24. ?A. excuse B. inspiration C. courage D. comfort
25. ?A. goal B. job C. furniture D. entertainment
26. ?A. Unfortunately B. Unusually C. Unbelievably D. Unfairly
27. ?A. natural B. vague C. severe D. slight
28. ?A. challenge B. change C. choose D. quit
29. ?A. adopted B. taught C. rescued D. helped
30. ?A. flexible B. unexpected C. upsetting D. separate
31. ?A. imagines B. tries C. enjoys D. considers
32. ?A. countless B. sleepless C. endless D. speechless
33. ?A. wisdom B. support C. family D. service
34. ?A. cooperate B. share C. improve D. learn
35. ?A. relief B. reality C. response D. return
36. ?A. finding B. confirming C. accepting D. understanding
37. ?A. experience B. develop C. train D. prize
38. ?A. character B. identity C. determination D. sense
39. ?A. when B. how C. whether D. why
40. ?A. purpose B. teacher C. position D. parent
四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）
41. From writing poetry to making music，ChatGPT （1） ______ （ amaze） the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI.It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota，US，according to CNNThe AI program can answer questions on a large number of topics，and write essays，stories and any other written texts you can think of.It does this by drawing on information （2） ______ （ collect） from a large corpus（語料庫） of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive？As Sam Altman，the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview，" It's not actually （3） ______ （ fundamental） new technology that made ChatGPT have a moment."
According to MIT Technology Review，ChatGPT is based on a large language model.Because texts are more complex （4） ______ the meaning of every word combined，language models require a type of neural（神經的）network that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today's models （5） ______ （ be）a network called Transformer，invented by Google researchers.The neural network can infer（6） ______ the word means by tracking where it appears in a sentence.Transformer can therefore collect the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised earning，（ 7） ______ （ mean） that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.ChatGPT can now generate human- like responses instantly due （8） ______ the large scale of texts it learned from.
" One of the biggest（9） ______ （ problem） with ChatGPT is that it comes back，very confidently，with false contents，"Michael Woold ridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London，UK，told The Guardian.This means ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world- it learns information from （10） ______ （ variety） resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）
42. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯誤，毎句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
（2）只允許修改 10 處，多者（從第 11 處起）不計分。
The other day my parents and I took trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As is known，it's a famous mountain with different kind of plants and animals.The weather was fine and we were on high spirits.It was about noon while we arrived at the foot of the mountain.We were very excited.As we climbed the mountain，we feed monkeys，visited temples and told stories.On the way up，I was busy took photos since the scenery was beautiful and attractively.Time passed quickly，and before we knew it，night has fallen.We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was good.I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment my head touched at the pillow.
六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）
43. 假如你校正在開展主題為"The Power of Sports"的征文比賽，請根據(jù)以下要點用英語寫一篇短文參賽。
（1）體育運動的益處；
（2）體育精神的力量。
注意：
（1）詞數(shù) 100 左右；
（2）可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
The Power of Sports______________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。由本文High?School?Studio?Workshops部分中的關鍵句During?the?workshop，National?Gallery?of?Art?educators?will?encourage?students?to?look?carefully?at?works?of?art?and?then?share?their?responses?and?they?will?inspire?students?to?develop?theories?based?on?their?observations.（在研討會期間，國家美術館的教育工作者將鼓勵學生仔細觀察藝術作品，然后分享他們的反應，他們將激勵學生根據(jù)他們的觀察提出理論。）可知，學生在High?School?Studio?Workshops可以做的是提出他們自己的藝術理論，故選B。
（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文Museum?Makers：Exploring?Art?and?Museums部分中的關鍵句Participants?will?gain?an?insider's?view?of?how?an?art?museum?works.（參與者將獲得一個藝術博物館如何工作的內部觀點。）可知，學生能從Museum?Makers：Exploring?Art?and?Museums這里學到關于博物館是如何工作的相關知識，故選C。
（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文Grades?7-12，90?minutes（7-12年級，90分鐘）部分中的關鍵句A?maximum?of?30?students?（minimum?of?15）will?be?accepted?at?each?session.（每節(jié)最多接納30名學生（最少15名）。）可知，25名10年級學生可以參加創(chuàng)意寫作課程。故選C。
這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾個國家美術館的高中課程。
閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、C
【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中劃線詞前面句子Every?time?something?gets?in?my?path（每次有東西擋住我的路。）和后面句子I?need?to?lose?the?road?rage，and?fast!（我得快點改掉路怒癥！）推斷出作者有路怒癥，所以每次有東西擋了作者的路，作者就會變得非常生氣。故劃線詞意思是"變得非常生氣"。A．Pick?up?speed.加速；B．Drive?off.開車離開；C．Feel?quite?nervous.感覺很緊張；D．Become?very?angry.變得非常憤怒。故選D。
（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第三段中的關鍵句This?year，I?want?to?stop?feeling?guilty?for?not?keeping?a?cleaner?house，for?spending?time?away?from?my?children?to?be?with?friends，for?not?attending?every?party?because?I'd?rather?be?at?home，or?for?watching?TV?when?I?should?be?reading.（今年，我想不再為沒有保持一個干凈的房子而感到內疚，為花時間遠離孩子和朋友在一起而感到內疚，為因為寧愿呆在家里而沒有參加每一個聚會而感到內疚，為在我應該讀書的時候看電視而感到內疚。）推斷出在此之前，在看電視上浪費時間讓作者感到內疚。故選C。
（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關鍵句The?last?is?fear.Fear?has?held?me?back.Fear?of?failure?has?prevented?me?from?being?a?writer.Fear?of?embarrassment?has?prevented?me?from?giving?an?opinion.Fear?of?rejection?has?stopped?me?from?aiming?higher?in?my?life.（最后是恐懼?？謶肿璧K了我。對失敗的恐懼使我無法成為一名作家。由于害怕尷尬，我不敢發(fā)表意見。對拒絕的恐懼讓我無法在生活中追求更高的目標。）推斷出恐懼阻礙了作者實現(xiàn)自己的目標。故選A。
（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一段中的關鍵句Next?time，I?hope?my?colleague?looks?me?in?the?eye?to?see?my?glow?instead?of?pinching?part?of?me?that?has?nothing?to?do?with?how?great?I?really?look.（下次，我希望我的同事能看著我的眼睛，看到我容光煥發(fā)的樣子，而不是掐我身上那些與我看起來有多棒無關的部分。）結合上文提到作者想要克服的三樣東西推知，作者期望從她的減肥計劃中獲得樂觀，不再內疚、容易生氣和恐懼。故選C。
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者為了減肥而克服了三樣東西。
閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

8~11.【答案】A、A、D、C
【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由本文第二段中的關鍵句The?idea?is?simple，but?revolutionary?—?combining?a?residential?home?for?the?elderly?with?a?nursery?school?in?the?same?building.The?children?and?the? residents?eat?lunch?together?and?share?activities.（這個想法很簡單，但具有革命性---將養(yǎng)老院和幼兒園合并在同一棟樓里。孩子們和_____一起吃午飯，分享活動。）推斷出這個想法把老人院和幼兒園結合了起來，讓孩子們和老人們一起吃午飯，分享活動。故劃線詞意思是"老人"。A．Old?people.老人；B．School?teachers.學校老師；C．Assistants.助手；D．Staff.員工。故選A。
（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第一段中的關鍵句Grandmother?talked?a?lot?about?how?much?she?missed?seeing?her?grandchildren，but?I?knew?from?my?sister?that?they?hated?going?to?visit?her?there.（祖母經常說她多么想念孫子孫女們，但我從姐姐那里知道，他們不喜歡去那里看她。）以及第三段中的關鍵句The?residents?are?happy?because?they?feel?useful?and?needed.（老人們很高興，因為他們覺得自己是有用的和被需要的。）推斷出作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤獨和無用。故選A。
（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第四段中的關鍵句Nowadays?there?is?less?and?less?contact?between?the?old?and?the?young?in?an?increasing?number?of?countries.（如今，在越來越多的國家，老年人和年輕人之間的接觸越來越少。）推斷出作者認為當今社會的主要問題是老年人和年輕人之間沒有太多的接觸。故選D。
（4）推理判斷題。由本文最后一段的內容That's?why?intergenerational?programs，designed?to?bring?the?old?and?the?young?together，are?growing?in?popularity?all?over?the?world.（這就是為什么旨在將老年人和年輕人結合在一起的代際計劃在世界各地越來越受歡迎。）推斷出這篇文章后面可能會討論成功的代際項目的例子。故選C。
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了養(yǎng)老院的老人總是覺得孤獨和不被需要，法國有了一個把老人院和幼兒園結合在一棟樓里的想法，介紹了這一做法的好處。
閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判斷題。由本文第二段中的關鍵句The?researchers?said?that?breathing?in?these?particles?can?be?harmful?to?lung?tissue?and?lead?to?serious?diseases.（研究人員表示，吸入這些顆粒會對肺組織有害，并導致嚴重的疾病。）推斷出這些顆粒會對我們的肺部造成巨大的傷害。故選A。
（2）細節(jié)理解題。由本文第六段中的關鍵句They?found?that?roads?were?the?main?factor?（因素）in?the?western?US，linked?to?about?85%?of?the?microplastics?in?the?air.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，道路是美國西部的主要因素，空氣中約85%的微塑料都與道路有關。）以及第七段的內容The?researchers?extended?their?modeling?work?to?a?global?level?and?this?suggested?that?while?roads?are?also?likely?to?be?the?major?driver?of?airborne?plastics?in?Europe，South?America?and?Australia，plastic?particles?blown?up?from?fields?may?be?a?much?bigger?factor?in?Africa?and?Asia.（研究人員將他們的建模工作擴展到全球水平，這表明在歐洲、南美和澳大利亞，道路也可能是空氣中塑料的主要驅動因素，而在非洲和亞洲，來自田野的塑料顆?？赡苁且粋€更大的因素。）推斷出地區(qū)之間空氣傳播的塑料污染的主要因素是不同的，道路和田地在很大程度上是罪魁禍首。故選C。
（3）細節(jié)理解題。由本文最后一段Professor Andreas?Stohl?of?the?University?of?Vienna's?Faculty?of?Earth?Sciences?said，?"The?study?confirms?the?global-scale?（全球規(guī)模的）nature?of?microplastic?transport?in?the?atmosphere?and?does?a?good?job?in?highlighting?highly?relevant?and?concerning?possibilities，but?more?measurement?data?is?needed?to?get?a?better?idea?of?the?sources."?（維也納大學地球科學學院的安德烈亞斯?斯托爾教授說："這項研究證實了大氣中微塑料運輸?shù)娜蚍秶再|，并在強調高度相關和令人擔憂的可能性方面做得很好，但需要更多的測量數(shù)據(jù)來更好地了解來源。"）推斷出根據(jù)Andreas?Stohl教授的介紹，研究的下一步是獲得更多數(shù)據(jù)，以了解微塑料的來源。故選D。
（4）標題判斷題。由本文第一段的內容Microplastic?pollution?is?increasing?greatly?around?the?globe，according?to?a?study?of?plastic?particles?（微粒）carried?in?the?air.（根據(jù)一項對空氣中塑料顆粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范圍內大幅增加。）以及下文的對研究的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了微塑料污染越來越嚴重，所以D．Microplastic?pollution?rising?quickly?in?the?air（塑料污染在空氣中迅速上升）作為題目最合適。故選D。
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了根據(jù)一項對空氣中塑料顆粒的研究，微塑料污染正在全球范圍內大幅增加。
閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

16~20.【答案】A、B、G、E、F
【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文From then on，the Nigerian girl fell in love with ancient Chinese poetry. （從那時起，這個尼日利亞女孩愛上了中國古詩。）和下文For example，in Li Bai's poem Hard Is the Way of the World，Gladys felt the ambition and faith of tile poet.While reading Cao Cao's A Short Song，she learned that life is short and thus we should let go of the difficulties we couldn't overcome and value the present.（例如，在李白的詩《行路難》中，格拉迪斯感受到了詩人的雄心壯志和信念。在閱讀曹禺的《短歌行》時，她了解到生命是短暫的，因此我們應該放下無法克服的困難，珍惜現(xiàn)在。）可知，尼日利亞女孩Ifeoma Gladys愛上了中國故事，并從一些詩中了解到了中國文化和人生哲理。A項"她從中學到了中國文化和智慧。"符合語境，承上啟下，下文是對選項的舉例說明。故選A。
（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文In her eyes，it is how it can travel over the mountains and spread from the ancient past to the present，but never change its original intention，keeping its truth and emotional weight.（在她眼中，就是它如何翻山越嶺，從古代傳播到現(xiàn)在，但始終不改變初衷，保持其真實性和情感分量。）推知，上文提問Ifeoma Gladys覺得中國古詩中最吸引她的是什么。B項"中國古代詩歌中最吸引人的部分是什么？"符合語境，引出下文，下文回答了選項的問題。故選B。
（3）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're???not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（例如，李白寫道："天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來"。大約1000年后，德國詩人歌德也說過類似的話。）可知，讓Ifeoma Gladys感到意外的是中國詩歌所表現(xiàn)的東西在晚些時候的西方也出現(xiàn)過。G項"但更令她驚訝的是，中國詩歌的文化品質能夠使世界各地的人都明白。"符合語境，下文是對選項內容的舉例說明。故選G。
（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文For example，Li Bai wrote， "Heaven has made us talents；we're not made in vain.A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.About 1，000 years later，Goethe，a German poet，would say something quite similar -（例如，李白寫道："天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來"。大約1000年后，德國詩人歌德也說過類似的話。）推知，下文應之處歌德說的那句和李白詩歌內容相似的話是什么。E項"天生有天賦的人注定要利用它，并會找到巨大的幸福。"符合語境，該句和李白詩歌所呈現(xiàn)的意義一致。故選E。
（5）聯(lián)系上文題?？仗幬挥诙文薪由衔?。根據(jù)上文Now，the girl hopes to become a professional translator.（現(xiàn)在，這個女孩希望成為一名專業(yè)的翻譯。）推知，下文應陳述她想成為翻譯的目的。F項"她想推廣中國文化，將中國與全世界聯(lián)系起來。"符合語境。故選F。
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了尼日利亞女孩Ifeoma?Gladys喜歡中國的古詩，并從古詩了解到了中國的文化和古人的智慧。現(xiàn)在她打算成為一名專業(yè)的翻譯，推廣中國文化。
關于選句填空的做題步驟：
步驟一：快速瀏覽一遍備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：標題，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步驟二：快速瀏覽文章，確定文章體裁，抓住文章結構。
步驟三：分析篇章結構，找出各段的主題句或主旨大意。
步驟四：注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段，尋找句中銜接標志詞。
步驟五：區(qū)分相似項。

21~40.【答案】D、B、A、C、B、A、C、D、A、B、C、A、B、B、D、A、D、B、C、B
【解析】（1）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.give?away贈送；B.put?back放回去；C.send?out發(fā)出；D.pick?up撿起。句意：你想拿起你的搖椅嗎？根據(jù)后文賓語"your?rocking?chair"和下文"have?it?in?my?class"可知，此處指拿起搖搖椅。故選D。
（2）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.ridiculous可笑的；B.magical神奇的；C.strange奇怪的；D.simple簡單的。句意：把它放在我的課上真是個神奇的主意。根據(jù)后文"around?and?listen?to?the?story?I?was?reading"可知，課后同學都來聽故事，所以這是個神奇的主意。故選B。
（3）考查動詞及語境理解。A.gather聚集；B.turn轉彎；C.look看；D.run奔跑。句意：每天課間休息后，全班同學都圍在一起聽我讀的故事。根據(jù)后文"around?and?listen?to?the?story?I?was?reading"可知，課后同學都聚集過來聽故事，故選A。
（4）考查名詞及語境理解。A.excuse借口；B.inspiration鼓舞；C.courage勇氣；D.comfort安慰。句意：當學生們走得很近時，他們會有勇氣分享他們的故事、夢想和恐懼。根據(jù)后文"to?share?their?stories，dreams?and?fears"指同學們有勇氣分享故事、夢想和恐懼。故選C。
（5）考查名詞及語境理解。A.goal目標；B.job工作；C.furniture家具；D.entertainment娛樂。句意：椅子是我工作的一部分，我的一部分。上文提到作者會在課后坐在椅子上給孩子們講故事，所以椅子是工作的一部分。故選B。
（6）考查副詞及語境理解。A.Unfortunately幸運地；B.Unusually特別地；C.Unbelievably難以置信地；D.Unfairly不公平地。句意：不幸的是，我身體不適，無法繼續(xù)教學。根據(jù)后文"I?became?unwell?and?couldn't?keep?teaching"可知，作者沒能繼續(xù)教書是一件不幸的事情。故選A。
（7）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.natural自然的；B.vague模糊的；C.severe嚴重的；D.slight輕微的。句意：我經歷了嚴重的焦慮，最后我被迫辭掉了這份工作。根據(jù)后文"and?at?last?I?was?forced?to"可知，焦慮很嚴重，只能辭職。故選C。
（8）考查名詞及語境理解。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.change改變；C.choose選擇；D.quit停止。句意：我經歷了嚴重的焦慮，最后我被迫辭掉了這份工作。根據(jù)后文"With?my?life?as?a?teacher?over"可知，作者辭職了。故選D。
（9）考查動詞及語境理解。A.adopted收養(yǎng)；B.taught教；C.rescued營救；D.helped幫助。句意：我丈夫和我在2017年收養(yǎng)了我以前的一個學生。根據(jù)后文"The?complexity?of?parenting?a?child"可知，作者和丈夫收養(yǎng)了一個孩子。故選A。
（10）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.flexible靈活的；B.unexpected意外的；C.upsetting令人沮喪的；D.separate分開的。句意：養(yǎng)育一個9歲就來到我們身邊的孩子的復雜性以意想不到的方式改變了我們的生活。根據(jù)后文"But?it?inspired?the?part?of?me"指領養(yǎng)孩子以意外的方式改變了他們的生活。故選B。
（11）考查動詞及語境理解。A.imagines想象；B.tries嘗試；C.enjoys欣賞；喜歡；D.considers考慮。句意：但它激發(fā)了我內心享受為人父母的感覺。根據(jù)后文"hours?staying?with?books?—?healing，bonding?and?solidifying?our?family，which?gave?me?a?new?purpose."可知，作者喜歡為人父母。故選C。
（12）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.countless無數(shù)的；B.sleepless失眠的；C.endless無盡的；D.speechless無話可說的。句意：我們花了無數(shù)的時間和書呆在一起——治愈、鞏固和鞏固我們的家庭，這給了我一個新的目標。根據(jù)后文"hours?staying?with?books?—?healing，bonding?and?solidifying?our?family"可知，作者長時間和孩子一起閱讀。故選A。
（13）考查名詞及語境理解。A.wisdom智慧；B.support支持；C.family家人；D.service服務。句意：我加入了一個當?shù)貗寢尩幕ブ〗M。根據(jù)后文"group?of?local?moms"可知，這里指當?shù)貗寢尰ブ〗M。故選B。
（14）考查動詞及語境理解。A.cooperate操作；B.share分享；C.improve改善；D.learn學習。句意：我們一起分享，然后我開始給予和接受幫助，我教一位有學習執(zhí)照的單身母親練習駕駛，作為回報，我還帶她的兒子在城市里徒步旅行。根據(jù)上文"We?came?together?to"可知，互助媽媽聚在一起，互相分享。故選B。
（15）考查名詞及語境理解。A.relief安慰；B.reality現(xiàn)實；C.response回答；D.return返回。句意：我們一起分享，然后我開始給予和接受幫助，我教一位有學習執(zhí)照的單身母親練習駕駛，作為回報，我還帶她的兒子在城市里徒步旅行。根據(jù)后文"I?also?took?her?son?on?hikes?around?the?city"可知，作者接受別人的幫助，作為回報也幫助他人。故選D。
（16）考查動詞及語境理解。A.finding找到；B.confirming確認；C.accepting接受；D.understanding理解。句意：我的家庭，我的書，找到一個新的目標，在一個社區(qū)中找到歸屬感——這些都在實現(xiàn)我作為教師所珍視的自我意識。根據(jù)后文"a new purpose and belonging in a community"指找到新目標。故選A。
（17）考查動詞及語境理解。A.experience經歷；B.develop發(fā)展；C.train訓練；D.prize珍視。句意：我的家庭，我的書，找到一個新的目標，在一個社區(qū)中找到歸屬感——這些都在實現(xiàn)我作為教師所珍視的自我意識。根據(jù)上文"these are fulfilling the sense of self I used to"可知，作者喜歡教書，所以是作為教師所珍視的自我意識。故選D。
（18）考查名詞及語境理解。A.character人物；B.identity身份；C.determination決心；D.sense感覺。句意：我知道我的身份不需要改變，我仍然尊重這些核心價值觀——無論我是否作為一名教師工作。作者如今不是老師了，所以是身份發(fā)生了變化。故選B。
（19）考查連詞及語境理解。A.when何時；B.how如何；C.whether是否；D.why為什么。句意：我知道我的身份不需要改變，我仍然尊重這些核心價值觀——無論我是否作為一名教師工作。根據(jù)后文"I'm working as a teacher"指無論是否作為一名教師工作，應用whether。故選C。
（20）考查名詞及語境理解。A.purpose目的；B.teacher老師；C.position位置；D.parent父母。句意：我會把它交給一個新老師！呼應上文"I was sitting in a chair having coffee when a text message from a former colleague woke me from my daydreams.（當時我正坐在椅子上喝咖啡，一條前同事的短信把我從白日夢中喚醒）"指把搖搖椅交給一個新老師。故選B。
本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述作者盡管不當教師了，但現(xiàn)在在社區(qū)的互助小組中同樣能實現(xiàn)教師的自我意識。
做完形填空題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是非常重要的一個步驟。通過短文所提供的信息，借助語感及相關知識的推斷，可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。在通讀全文，了解大意的基礎上，便可著手答題。根據(jù)習慣用法、固定搭配，并從上下文中找關鍵性暗示，注意前后對照，逐句精讀，逐題分析選項。所有的答案選出之后，應再次通讀全文，對所選的答案進行核實調整。

41.【答案】【小題1】has amazed
【小題2】collected
【小題3】fundamentally
【小題4】than
【小題5】is
【小題6】what
【小題7】meaning
【小題8】to
【小題9】problems
【小題10】various
【解析】（1）考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：從寫詩到做音樂，自2022年底美國Open Al公司推出ChatGPT以來，它已經震驚了世界。分析句子可知，空處是謂語動詞，由時間"since its launch inlate 2022"可知，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語GhatGPT是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填has amazed。
（2）考查過去分詞。句意：它通過利用從大量文本數(shù)據(jù)中收集的信息來做到這一點。分析句子可知，collect作定語，修飾information，二者之間是被動關系，用過去分詞作定語，故填collected。
（3）考查副詞。句意：正如OpenAI的首席執(zhí)行官Sam Altman在一次采訪中所說的那樣，"實際上，ChatGPT的興起基本上并不是一項新技術。"修飾動詞is用副詞作狀語，故填fundamentally。
（4）考查介詞。句意：由于文本比每個單詞的意義組合起來更復雜，語言模型需要一種能夠理解文本的神經網絡。由more complex可知，前后文表示比較，故填than。
（5）考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：今天的模型背后的一個突破是一個名為Transformer的網絡，由谷歌的研究人員發(fā)明。文章主時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語One breakthrough 是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故填is。
（6）考查賓語從句。句意：神經網絡可以通過追蹤單詞在句子中的出現(xiàn)位置來推斷單詞的意思。分析句子可知，空處引導賓語從句，從句缺少means的賓語，指物，用連接代詞what引導從句，故填what。
（7）考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：OpenAI構建的GPT模型將Transformer與無監(jiān)督學習結合在一起，意味著模型可以自己學習，而不需要被告知要看什么。分析句子可知，mean用非謂語動詞形式作狀語，mean與邏輯主語The GPT models是主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填meaning。
（8）考查固定短語。句意：由于從大量文本中學習，ChatGPT現(xiàn)在可以立即生成類似人類的響應。due to"由于"是固定短語，故填to。
（9）考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意：英國倫敦艾倫?圖靈研究所的邁克爾?伍爾德里奇在接受《衛(wèi)報》采訪時表示："ChatGPT最大的問題之一是，它會非常自信地返回虛假內容。"one of the+最高級+名詞復數(shù)，是固定短語，故填problems。
（10）考查形容詞。句意：這意味著ChatGPT不知道世界的真相---它從各種資源中學習信息，但不能判斷真假。修飾名詞用形容詞作定語，故填various。
本文是說明文。文章講述了美國Open Al公司推出ChatGPT，令人震驚。這種智能機器人已經通過了四門法律課程。
做本題的關鍵是在理解短文的基礎上，靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有：固定的短語，詞類的轉換，名詞的復數(shù)形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在平時的學習中，牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。

42.【答案】The?other?day?my?parents?and?I?took∧?trip?to?Emei?Mountain?in?Sichuan.As?is?known，it's?a?famous?mountain?with?different? kind?of?plants?and?animals.The?weather?was?fine?and?we?were? on?high?spirits.It?was?about?noon? while?we?arrived?at?the?foot?of?the?mountain.We?were?very?excited.As?we?climbed?the?mountain，we? feed?monkeys，visited?temples?and?told?stories.On?the?way?up，I?was?busy ?took?photos?since?the?scenery?was?beautiful?and? attractively.Time?passed?quickly，and?before?we?knew?it，night? has?fallen.We?spent?the?night?in?a?hotel?at?the?top?of?the?mountain.The?food?was?expensive? and?the?service?was?good.I?was?so?tired?that?I?fell?asleep?the?moment?my?head?touched?at?the?pillow.
詳解：
1.考查冠詞。句意：前幾天我和父母去四川的峨眉山旅行。take?a?trip"旅行"是固定表達，故在trip前加a。
2.考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意：眾所周知，這是一座著名的山，有各種各樣的動植物。kind"種類"是可數(shù)名詞，被different修飾，應用其復數(shù)形式，different?kinds?of"各種各樣的"。故kind改為kinds。
3.考查介詞。句意：天氣很好，我們情緒也很高。in?high?spirits"情緒高，心情好"是固定短語。故on改為in。
4.考查時間狀語從句。句意：我們到達山腳下時，大約是中午時分。while引導時間狀語從句時，謂語動詞應是延續(xù)性動詞；when引導讓步狀語從句，謂語動詞既可是延續(xù)性動詞也可是瞬間動詞。句中arrived是瞬間動作，故應用when引導從句。故while改為when。
5.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：當我們爬山時，我們喂猴子，參觀寺廟，講故事。此處和visited，told為并列的謂語動詞，使用一般過去時。故feed改為fed。
6.考查動名詞。句意：在路上我忙著拍照，因為風景是如此美麗具有吸引力。be?busy?（in）?doing?sth."忙著做某事"是固定短語，應用動名詞作賓語。故took改為taking。
7.考查形容詞。句意：在路上我忙著拍照，因為風景是如此美麗具有吸引力。此處和上文beautiful并列作表語，應用形容詞attractive"有吸引力的"。故attractively改為attractive。
8.考查形容詞。句意：時間過得很快，不知不覺，夜幕降臨。"夜幕降臨"發(fā)生在"知道"之前，即過去的過去，應用過去完成時。故has改為had。
9.考查連詞。句意：食物很貴，但是服務很好。"食物貴"與"服務好"是轉折關系而非并列關系，應用but連接。故and改為but。
10.考查介詞。句意：我太累了，頭一碰到枕頭就睡著了。touch"觸及"是及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語，不需要介詞。故將at去掉。
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章敘述了作者一家在峨眉山旅游的經過。
1.先通讀全文。認真閱讀短文，在做題之前確保已經弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的邏輯關系是否正確，時態(tài)、人稱、主謂、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出題熱點、綜合運用所學語言知識，對不同的錯誤情況進行分析和回答（即改詞、加詞或減詞）。
3.再次通讀全文，校對自己的改正是否正確。一般各種改錯的方式都應該用到，如果出現(xiàn)了某一種改法（如加詞、減詞等）沒有用到，要考慮自己的改錯應該有問題，要對剛才不是很有把握的行進行推敲。
考查單詞填空，準確地理解句子、翻譯句子，然后根據(jù)句意及提示確定所填單詞詞性，對于動詞要首先分辨是謂語還是非謂，若是謂語，則要注意時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致；若是非謂則要考查主被動或是不定式；名詞要注意單復數(shù)，正確寫出單詞完成句子，使句意更通順。

43.【答案】The Power of Sports
Sports benefit us in many aspects.When taking part in sports，we get the chance to train almost all parts of our bodies.There is no doubt that sports can keep our physical fitness，and thus enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.【高分句型一】Sports can also promote social changes by providing a platform for important issues to be addressed.（體育運動的益處）
Besides，sports have a unique power to bring people together and inspire greatness.Through participation，everyone can learn that on the playground they not only struggle for themselves but also fight for their dreams and teams.The spirit of sports connects people of different nations and colors for a shared future，making the world a better place.【高分句型二】（體育精神的力量）
【解析】高分句型一：There is no doubt that sports can keep our physical fitness，and thus enrich our life and maintain our psychological health.
翻譯：毫無疑問，運動可以保持我們的身體健康，并且因此豐富我們的生活，保持我們的心理健康。
分析：本句運用了that引導的同位語從句。
高分句型二：The spirit of sports connects people of different nations and colors for a shared future，making the world a better place.
翻譯：運動精神把不同國家、不同膚色的人聯(lián)系在一起，為了共同的未來，讓世界更美好。
分析：本句運用了現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語。
提綱作文在寫作時要注意內容是否包含了所有要點。寫作時注意準確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關系，盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次，平時需注意積累短語和重要句型。