2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課件：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

這是一份2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題課件：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，共46頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了ONE，It rained，怎樣將兩個(gè)句子合并，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念，TWO，THREE，① 表示時(shí)間 ，② 表示條件 ，③ 表示原因 ，④ 表示伴隨 等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
I stayed at hme.
要求：可以使用連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并成并列句。
? It rain s/and I stayed at hme.
要求：可以使用連詞，請(qǐng)將句子合并為復(fù)合句。
? Because it rained yesterday, I stayed at hme.
要求：不適用連詞，將兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子。
? It raining, I stayed at hme.
His friends t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner.Because his friends will cme having sat dwn, the teacher began his class.After everyne had sat f eyes fixed upn him, Nick felt n edge.Because thusands f eyes were fixed upn him...
It raining, I stayed at hme.
? “獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒有關(guān)系，通常稱為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。
Self-study
1. Mntreal, a prt in the prvince f Quebec, is the secnd largest city in Canada, and als the largest French-speaking city in the wrld, Paris being the largest. (L24)
(1) 有那個(gè)女孩帶路，他們很快走出了山里。__________________________________, they gt ut f the muntain.(２) 作業(yè)做完了，孩子們出去玩了。 ______________________________，the children went ut t play. 　　
The girl leading the way
Hmewrk finished
1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一種結(jié)構(gòu)，不是一個(gè)句子，不需要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它有自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，表達(dá)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的意思，它獨(dú)立存在。3.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開。4.在句中只作狀語(yǔ)，并可對(duì)主句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。5.名詞或代詞與后面的分詞構(gòu)成一定的關(guān)系：如與現(xiàn)在分詞（ding)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系或與過去分詞(dne)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系等。
獨(dú)立 主格 結(jié)構(gòu)
它的邏輯主語(yǔ)用代詞的主格
1. The exam __________（hld）tmrrw, I culdn’t g t the cinema tnight. 2. Many trees, flwers, and grass____________, (plant)ur schl will lk even mre beautiful. 3. Weather____________(permit), we’ll g sightseeing in Gap.
t be planted
permitting
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)__________，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_______，通常放于句末。
? The meeting being ver, all f us went hme. 開完會(huì)后我們都回家了
? Her wrk dne, she sat dwn fr a cup f tea. 她干完了活，坐下來(lái)喝茶。
the meeting being ver 相當(dāng)于 when the meeting was ver
her wrk dne 相當(dāng)于 when her wrk was dne
The cnditin being favrable, he may succeed. 若條件有利，他或許能成功。
If the cnditin is favrable
? There being n taxis, we had t walk. 沒有出租車，我們只好步行。
? He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frsty.
Since there was n taxis,
as the night was dark and frsty
? Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, silver being the best f all. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。
(=Almst all metals are gd cnductrs, and silver is the best f all.)
? We redubled ur effrts, each man wrking like tw. 我們加倍努力，一個(gè)人干兩個(gè)人的活。
The girl _______(stare)at him , he didn’t knw what t say. The prblems _______(slve), the quality has been imprved.An air accident happened t the plane, nbdy _______(alive). The meeting_______(ver), they all went hme. The wrk ______(d),we went hme.With his hmewrk______(d), Tm went ut t play.With his hmewrk________(d), Tm can’t g ut t play.
1. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)2. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+(being)+表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)) 無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)3. with/withut + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) （不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞） with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有三種類型：
1. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）
The girl staring at him, he didn’t knw what t say.
The prblems slved, the quality has been imprved.
They said gd-bye t each ther, ne t g hme, the ther t g t the bkstre.
(= As the girl stared at him)
(= As the prblems were slved)
名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系
名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是將來(lái)的或具體的動(dòng)作。
① “名詞/代詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)等?，F(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（或表示主動(dòng)）。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞不表示進(jìn)行，而表示一般情況的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
(1) 作 狀語(yǔ)：Everyne having sat dwn, the teacher began his class. 每個(gè)人都坐好后，老師開始上課。(相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: After everyne had sat dwn)
(2) 作 狀語(yǔ)：The by leading the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest. 由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就走出了森林。(相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句: Because the by led the way)
(3) 作 狀語(yǔ)： My health allwing, I will wrk far int the night. 我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。
(4) 作 狀語(yǔ)： The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his chest. 學(xué)生們快樂地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。
（相當(dāng)于并列句：and each wears a card ...）
（相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If my health allws）
②“名詞/代詞+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)等。過去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義或完成意義。
(1) 作 狀語(yǔ)：The test finished, we’ll have ur summer vcatin. 考試結(jié)束以后，我們將開始暑假了。
(2) 作 狀語(yǔ)：Thusands f eyes fixed upn him, Nick felt n edge. 上千只眼睛看著他，尼克感到緊張。
（相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：After the test is finished...）
（相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句：Because were fixed upn him...）
(3) 作 狀語(yǔ)：When in truble, Sam wuld sit alne, head bent. 薩姆遇到麻煩時(shí)，總是獨(dú)自坐著，頭低著。
(4) 作 狀語(yǔ)：Mre time given, we can finish the wrk. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們就能完成這項(xiàng)工作。
（相當(dāng)于并列句 and his head was bent .）
（相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句：If mre time is given t us ...）
由不定式構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示還未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中常作 ，偶爾作 。
His friends t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner.
N ne t wake me up, I might be late fr the first class.
他朋友今晚要來(lái)，所以正忙著準(zhǔn)備晚餐呢
如果沒人叫醒我，我會(huì)錯(cuò)過第一節(jié)課的。
(相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句：because ..)
(相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if n.. wke me ..)
③“名詞/代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
【綜合比較三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)】
1. 名詞或代詞+不定式其中的不定式通常表示即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2. 名詞或代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞其中的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（或表示主動(dòng)）。有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞不表示進(jìn)行，而表示一般情況的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
3. 名詞或代詞+過去分詞其中的過去分詞通常表示被動(dòng)意義或完成意義。
Their rm was n the third flr, it’s windw verlking the sprts grund. 他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶俯視著操場(chǎng)。
1 、The manager lks wrried，many things t settle. 經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來(lái)處理，用不定式t settle——將來(lái)與主動(dòng)） 2 、The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his chest.學(xué)生們快樂地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。（每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡——進(jìn)行與主動(dòng)）3 、Their rm was n the third flr, it’s windw verlking the sprts grund. 他們的房間在三層樓上，窗戶俯視著操場(chǎng)。（窗戶俯視著操場(chǎng)——一般情況的狀態(tài)或主動(dòng)）
4、The manager lks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了， 經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動(dòng)詞-ed形式settled表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束——完成與被動(dòng)）5、The fd cked, the by went t bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的——完成與被動(dòng)）
2. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+(being)+表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ))
An air accident happened t the plane, nbdy alive.
名詞/主格代詞+形容詞
The meeting ver, they all went hme.
The by went t the classrm, bk in hand.
在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)與介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，在這些名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。但注意比較： He std under a tree, hand in pcket. He std under a tree, with a hand in his pcket.
名詞/主格代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)
I received many gifts, many f them bks.
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed. There being n buses, they walked t the theatre.
There being +名詞（代詞）
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed. It being hliday, all the shps were shut.
It being +名詞（代詞）
Many peple cme t visit the city , . 很多人來(lái)參觀這個(gè)城市，其中大多數(shù)是外國(guó)人。 I received many Christmas gifts, . 我收到了很多圣誕禮物，其中一些是書籍。
mst f them freigners
sme f them bks
? he fught the wlf, a stick his nly weapn. 他和狼搏斗著，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 .
? The men mved slwly frward, neck deep in the water, with their fficers guiding them.
? It std silent in the nn sunlight, its dr pen.
He turned t me, his eyes sleepy. 他睡眼惺忪地轉(zhuǎn)向我。 （his eyes和sleepy之間省去了being）
? Nbdy in, the thief tk a lt f things away.
? Lunch ver, he left the huse. But he was thinking.
Schl ver , we all went hme. 放學(xué)了，我們都回家了。 （schl和ver之間省去了being） , I can’t fcus my mind n the wrk. 音樂開著，我不能專心工作。
The music n
④ 邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)
? I fllwed him here, climbed in, swrd in hand.
? He sat at the table, cat ff, head dwn, and pen in hand.
?The huntsman entered the frest, gun in hand. 那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹林。
, it is ging t rain sn. 天空黑云密布，很快就要下雨。
Dark cluds in the sky
高中英語(yǔ) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 課件(共37張PPT)
1. 在表示方式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了使句子簡(jiǎn)潔,往往將“邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”中的冠詞或代詞都省略。 The guard std by the dr, (a) gun in (his) hand. She came in, (a) smile n (her) face.
2. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略： 一是在“There being + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中； 二是在邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞的情況下。 There being n bus, we had t walk hme. It being Sunday, all the ffices are clsed.
1. ________ n bus, we had t walk hme. ?? A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were2. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. ?? A. It being fine weather ???B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather ?? D. It being a fine weather 3. ______, the hunter went int the frest. ?? A. A gun n shulder ??? B. A gun was n his shulder?? C. Gun n shulder ?? D. A gun being n shulder
3. with/withut + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) （不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞）
“介詞with/withut +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中常作伴隨狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)。上面討論過的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)，即：
with/withut
1. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+形容詞 ，the ld man felt unhappy. 由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。
2. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+副詞 ，she had t stay at hme alne.因?yàn)樗憬愠鋈チ耍荒塥?dú)自待在家里。
3. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) He std at the dr, . 他站在門旁邊，手里拿著一臺(tái)電腦。
With his sn s disappinting
With her sister ut
with a cmputer in his hand
“with/ withut”引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
4. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+不定式 , the by lked upset.
5. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ，I stle int the rm.
6. with/ withut +名詞/代詞+過去分詞 With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play. The by was crying ， .
Withut any game t play
Withut anyne nticing
with his ty brken
注意：在with/withut 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但withut 不能省略。
With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.
Withut any game t play, the by lked upset.
His hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.
不可改為Any game t play,the by lked upset.
1. ______ prductin up by 60%, the cmpany has had anther excellent year. ?? A. As B. Fr C. With D. Thrugh 2. With a lt f wrk _______, I have t sit up tnight. ?? A. d ??? B. ding C. dne ??? D. t d? 3. Jhn received an invitatin t dinner, and with his wrk ,he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished