高中英語(yǔ)高考高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)課件PPT

這是一份高中英語(yǔ)高考高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)課件PPT，共46頁(yè)。
Read the shrt stry& find ut:I crssed the street t avid meeting him, but he saw me and came running twards me. It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him. I never enjy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything t d. N matter hw busy yu are, he always insists n cming with yu. I had t think f a way f preventing him frm fllwing me arund all mrning.“Hell, Nigel,” I said. “Fancy meeting yu here!”“Hell, Elizabeth,” Nigel answered. “I was just wndering hw t spend the mrning until i saw yu. Yu’re nt busy ding anything, are yu?”“ N, nt at all,” I answered, “I am ging t…”“ Wuld yu mind my cming with yu？” he asked, befre I had finished speaking.“Nt at all,” I lied, “but I’m ging t the dentist.”“Then I’ll cme with yu,” he answered, “ There’s always plenty t read in the waiting rm!”
Why did Elizabeth tell Nigel that she was ging t the dentist?
I crssed the street t avid meeting him, but he saw me and came running twards me. It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him. I never enjy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything t d. N matter hw busy yu are, he always insists n cming with yu. I had t think f a way f preventing him frm fllwing me arund all mrning.“Hell, Nigel,” I said. “Fancy meeting yu here!”“Hell, Elizabeth,” Nigel answered. “I was just wndering hw t spend the mrning until i saw yu. Yu’re nt busy ding anything, are yu?”“ N, nt at all,” I answered, “I am ging t…”“ Wuld yu mind my cming with yu？” he asked, befre I had finished speaking.“Nt at all,” I lied, “but I’m ging t the dentist.”“Then I’ll cme with yu,” he answered, “ There’s always plenty t read in the waiting rm!”
avid; enjy; fancy; mind; finish
常見(jiàn)帶ding作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
cnsider; suggest; frgive; pardn;acknwledge; admit; pstpne; delay ; recall; fancy ;avid; miss; keep; practisedeny; cmplete; finish ; cease; quit; appreciate;frbid; prevent ; imagine; risk; can’t help; mind; escape; ; stand appreciate; allw; advise; dislike; excuse; allw; resist;understand 等
記憶口訣： 考慮建議倡原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否定完成棄欣賞。 禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意棄逃亡。cnsider考慮 suggest/advise建議 advcate提倡主張 frgive/pardn 原諒acknwledge/admit 承認(rèn) pstpne /delay 延遲 recall回想 fancy 幻想愛(ài)好avid避免 miss錯(cuò)過(guò) keep保持 practise練習(xí)實(shí)踐deny否認(rèn) cmplete /finish 完成 quit 放棄 appreciate感激欣賞frbid /prevent 禁止 imagine設(shè)想 risk冒險(xiǎn)can’t help 不禁 mind介意 escape逃避
有時(shí)我很感激欣賞(appreciate)我的孩子，但總是避免(avid)承認(rèn)(admit)這一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S(allw)我尋求您的建議(advise)，您考慮(cnsider)后告訴我如何克服這個(gè)小缺點(diǎn)。還有，我的孩子總是拖延(delay)他不喜歡(dislike)的事，不可否認(rèn)(deny)這就是逃避(escape)。老師原諒(excuse)了他，但是告誡他要喜歡(enjy)自己的該做的事。我曾經(jīng)禁止(frbid)他憑空想象(fancy)趕快完成(finish)自己手頭的事，他反對(duì)我并保持(keep)他的想象(imagine)，說(shuō)介意(mind)自已會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)(miss)任何靈感。有專(zhuān)家告訴我要允許(allw)孩子去實(shí)踐(practise)，去冒險(xiǎn)(risk)，因?yàn)楹⒆硬荒艿种?resist)自己闖的誘惑，只要建議(suggest)他忍受(stand)住任何學(xué)習(xí)工作的艱苦就可以了。最終孩子一定會(huì)理解(understand)的。
3. 練一練（1）. I appreciated _________ the pprtunity t study abrad tw years ag.t have givenB. t have been givenC. having givenD. having been given（2）. --- There is a stry here in the paper abut a 110-year-ld man. ---My gddess! I can’t imagine ____________ that ld.t beB. t have been C. beingD. having been
二、常帶t d作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞1. 常帶t d作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：hpe, wish, want, agree, prmise, demand, ask, refuse, manage, learn, decide,pretend,chse. 記憶口訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕， 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定，不要假裝在選擇。
常帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：付得起 affrd申請(qǐng)apply 安排arrange請(qǐng)求desire 決心determine 期待expect 失敗fail幫助 help 打算intend 設(shè)法manage 主動(dòng)提出ffer 計(jì)劃plan 準(zhǔn)備prepare
2. 請(qǐng)用下面單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子
arrange ; expect; apply; ffer; manage
(1) Smehw, he’d managed t persuade Kay t buy ne fr him. (2) Yu can’t expect t learn a freign language in a few mnths. (3) Tm ffered t teach them water-skiing.
3.疑問(wèn)詞加不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞decide; knw; cnsider; frget; learn; remember; shw; understand; see; wnder; find ut; explain; tellThere are s many kinds f tape-recrders n sale that I can't make up my mind which t buy.Please shw us hw t d that.
4.帶省略t 的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞（1）使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make ( let / have/ make sb. d) , 但被動(dòng)時(shí)，sb. be made t d…（2） 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, , ntice ,bserve, hear, feel, listen t，lk at等后帶 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，省略t。注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則t不能省掉。請(qǐng)把下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　I saw him dance.= He was seen t dance. The bss made them wrk n the prject. = They were made t wrk n the prject .
三、既能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：1. 有些動(dòng)此后既能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但是表達(dá)的含義不同。請(qǐng)通過(guò)例句句意確定短語(yǔ)含義。
（1） tryHe tried t slve the prblem by himself, but he culdn’t.My math teacher suggested me trying ding it in anther way.try t d…設(shè)法、努力做某事try ding…嘗試著做某事（2）meanI had meant t cme, but I culdn’t get away frm my wrk. Nt being late fr schl means getting up early.mean t d… 打算做某事 mean ding … 意味著做某事
（3）. remember/frget Please remember/ Dn’t frget t pst the letter fr me n yur way t schl. She remembered / frgt meeting him smewhere befre. remember/ frget t d… 記得/忘記要去做某事（準(zhǔn)備去做某事卻沒(méi)做） remember/ frget ding… 記得/忘記做過(guò)了某事（已經(jīng)做過(guò)了某事） （4）. regretI regret t say that yu are wrng./ I regret t tell yu /infrm yu that yu are wrng.I regretted wasting / having wasted my time playing cmputer games. regret t dregret t d 常用于regret t say that…/ regret t tell/infrm yu that…遺憾地告訴你 regret ding… 后悔曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事= regret having dne…/ regret t have dne…
（5）can’ help I can’t help d/ t d husewrk tday. Hearing the exciting news, they culdn’t help jumping with jy. can’t help d…/ t d… 不能幫助做某事 can’t help ding… 情不自禁地做某事 （6）cnsider We cnsider him (t be) ur best friend.We are cnsidering mving t the suth. cnsider sb. (t be)… 認(rèn)為…… cnsider ding… 考慮……
（7）allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid/recmmend/ encurageWe dn’t allw yu t smke here. / Yu are nt allwed t smke here.We dn’t allw smking here.allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid sb. t d… 允許/ 同意/ 建議/ 禁止/推薦（建議）/鼓 勵(lì)某人做……allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid ding… 允許/ 同意/ 建議/ 禁止做…… （8） stp He stpped t pick up the cin n the grund. Please stp talking. stp t d sth. 停下來(lái)接著做另一件事（表示停下來(lái)的目地） stp ding sth. 停止做(原來(lái)在做的)一件事
（9）g n After he had finished his hmewrk, he went n t read sme newspapers. He went n ding the experiment. He went n with the experiment.g n t d sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事 g n ding sth. = g n with sth. 繼續(xù)做同一件事 （10）.like; hate; lve I like swimming, but I dn’t like t swim this afternn. I’d like/ lve t g swimming this weekend.like / hate/ lve ding 表示經(jīng)常性的行為 like/ hate / lve t d 表示具體的一次性的行為
但是，有時(shí)候帶t d 和ding 也都可以注意：如果like; lve 前有wuld / shuld時(shí)，只能用wuld/ shuld like/ lve t d…
（11）start; begin; cntinue start; begin; cntinue 在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中常跟動(dòng)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中常跟動(dòng)詞不定式 Tm began t learn / learning hw t use a cmputer. He cntinued t walk / walking alng the riverside.特別注意:start ; begin 在下列情況下一般跟動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)：（1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)。The barmeter began t fall. 氣壓計(jì)的讀數(shù)開(kāi)始下降。It began/ started t rain. （2）當(dāng)start; begin 以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)。It’s starting/ beginning t rain. 下起雨來(lái)了。The water is beginning/ starting t bil. 水逐漸沸騰起來(lái)。（3）當(dāng)后面作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表示感情、思想和意念時(shí)。如：like, lve, hate , knw, understand, realize, think, feel 等。I’m beginning t understand. 我逐漸明白了。I was beginning t think/realize yu’d never cme. 我開(kāi)始意識(shí)到你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)回來(lái)了。
（12）need / require/ want 指“需要”時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式（用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的含義）或者動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，表示某件事情需要被做。 The damaged huses need/ require/ want repairing/ t be repaired. These patients need/ require/ want well lking after/ t be well lked after. The windw needs/ requires/ wants cleaning/ t be cleaned.（13）．表示某事值得一做，可以用(1) sth. be wrth ding/ + n.;(2) sth. be wrthy f being dne = sth. be wrthy t be dne(3) sth. deserve/deserves/ deserved ding/ t be dne(4) It’s wrthwhile t d…/ It’s wrthwhile ding…
2.練一練 （1）這座城市值得參觀(guān)（visit）。 The city is wrth visiting .= The city is wrth a visit . ( wrth )The city is wrthy f being visited/ t be visited. ( wrthy )（2）這份工作值得重視（pay attentin t）。The jb deserves paying attentin t/ t be paid attentin t. It’s wrthwhile t pay attentin t/ paying attentin t the jb.
四、練一練 1. I remember _______ fr the jb, but i frget the exact amunt. A. t payB. paying C. t have paidD. being paid 2.They knew her well. They had seen her ______ up frm childhd. A. grwB. grew C. was grwingD. t grw 3. She desn’t mind _______ at hme alne thugh she may feel lnely. A. leaveB. being left C. leavingD. t be left 4. I didn’t mean ____ anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help _____it. A. t eat; t tryB. eating; trying C. eating; t tryD. t eat;trying 5. The study, frm academics at Harvard, claims ________ the first clear evidence shwing that when temperature g up, schl perfrmance ges dwn. A. t have prducedB.t prduce C. prducingD. being prduced
There?is?always?rm?at?the?tp.? 最頂層永遠(yuǎn)還有空間。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別
1. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下兩個(gè)例句總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 （1）Dn’t walk in frnt f a mving car. （2）I fund a brken watch n the pavement. 我的結(jié)論：現(xiàn)在分詞在意義上表示主動(dòng)，描述一個(gè)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài) 過(guò)去分詞在意義上表示被動(dòng)，描述一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作
一、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
2. 請(qǐng)用現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞改寫(xiě)下面句中的定語(yǔ)從句。（1）She sat there, watching the leaves which were falling flating in the air. She sat there, watching the falling leaves flating in the air. （2）A girl in white is clearing the leaves which have fallen.A girl in white is clearing the fallen leaves. （3）The train which ges t Lndn stps at the edge f the city.The train ging t Lndn stps at the edge f the city. 我的結(jié)論: 作定語(yǔ)的單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾詞前面 作定語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面
3. 請(qǐng)用所給動(dòng)詞的分詞完成下面的句子。(1) When Nrway elected a wman Prime Minster, it jined a grwing__(grw) number f natins which have had wmen leaders.(2) The pst is pen t any __qualified___ (qualify) persn.(3) Yu shuld drink __biled__(bil) water.(4) _Educated__(educate) wmen were rare a hundred years ag.(5) The firewman jumped ut f her fire engine and ran twards the _burning__(burn) building.(6）In 1933, a public rganizatin _called__(call) the Passenger Transprt Bard was created. (7) In 1933, a public rganizatin __calling__(call) itself the Passenger Transprt Bard was created.
4. 用分詞完成故事 The Stry f CinderfellaOnce upn a time, a pr by lived in an ld huse. He had tw ugly, (1) disgusting (digust) brthers, wh made him d all the husewrk. One day, there was an (2) exciting (excite) dance at the palace. Cinderfella wanted t g, but he had nly (3) trn (tear) and (4) unwanted (unwant) clthes.Then a magic, (5) flying (fly) fairy appeared in frnt f the (6) __surprised_ (surprise) by, and gave him a new suit. He lked lvely. He went t the dance and danced with the strng, (7) unmarried (unmarry) princess. He lked s handsme that she fell in lve with the (8) unknwn (unknw) by. But then midnight came, Cinderfella ran away but ne little, (9) frgtten (frget) slipper was left behind.The (10) fllwing (fllw) day, the princess’s wmen sliders rde all ver the city, lking fr him. Many (11) excited (excite) yung men tried t put n the (12) __drpped__ (drp) slipper, but their feet were t big. At last they came t Cinderfella’s huse. His little ft fitted the slipper. The princess arrived. She picked the (13) delighted (delight) by up in her strng arms and carried him away t the palace. Sn they were married in frnt f a (14) cheering （cheer）crwd. Cinderfella wre a (15) flwing (flw) white sahirt and lked grgeus. ?
1. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下兩個(gè)例句總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 The dance held in the palace was exciting. Each by present at the dance was excited. 我的結(jié)論: 作表語(yǔ)的分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用 過(guò)去分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)______________ 現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩? 我能想到的：amazed / amazing, bred / bring, annyed / annying, interested / interesting, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, wrried/ wrrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing, shcked/shcking, thrilled/thrilling…
二、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
2選一選：(1) In April，thusands f hlidaymakers remained ________abrad due t the vlcanic ash clud.sticking　　　 B．stuckC．t be stuck　　　 D．t have stuck(2) --Hw did Bb d in the exams this time? 　 --Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. t please
1. 請(qǐng)用現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞改寫(xiě)以下句中的從句并總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 （1）Cinderfella was always bullied by his tw disgusting brthers, s he led a pr life.Always bullied by his tw digusting brthers, Cinderfella led a pr life. (2) Cinderfella culdn’t g t the party, because he had nly trn and unwanted clthes.Having nly trn and unwanted clthes, Cinderfella culdn’t g t the party. (3) When he had been given a new suit, Cinderfella went t the party happily in it. Having been given a new suit, Cinderfella went t the party happily in it. (4) When they were surrunded by the excited crwd, the newly-married cuple culdn’t mve frward.Being surrunded by the excited crwd, the newly-married cuple culdn’t mve frward. 我的結(jié)論:現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句邏輯主語(yǔ)一致 現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，若與主句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊隨其后發(fā)生時(shí)ding若明顯先于主句中的動(dòng)作時(shí)，用having dne(若還含被動(dòng)用having been dne) 過(guò)去分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作的完成或狀態(tài)。 being dne 表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生且與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系
三、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
2. 請(qǐng)用分詞改寫(xiě)下面的句子，保持句意不變。（1）As he didn’t ntice the parcel n the grund, he tripped n the parcel.Nt nticing the parcel n the grund, he tripped n the parcel. (2) When I was learning English, I had much difficulty in the present participle. When learning English, I had much difficulty in the present participle. (3) He had nly tw years f schlings because he was brn int a peasant family. Brn int a peasant family, he had nly tw years f schlings. (4) She had been ill fr a lng time s she needed time t recver.Having been ill fr a lng time, she needed time t recver. (5) If I am given mre time, I’ll finish my wrk n time. Given mre time, I’ll finish my wrk n time.
3. 請(qǐng)用所給的動(dòng)詞的分詞的適當(dāng)形式完成以下句子。 （1） Seeing___(see) frm the tp f the hill, yu can see the nice park.(2) Seen (see) frm the tp f the hill, the park is very nice.(3) Having seen (see) the situatin, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried t imprve the system.(4) Being built (build) quickly, the building will be put int use in tw mnths.(5) Having been develped (develp) ver many years, the undergrund system is nw able t transprt millins f peple effectively.?
注意：分詞的無(wú)依附現(xiàn)象分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，他的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同全句主語(yǔ)保持一致，但以下句型中，則不需要。Judging frm /by his accent , he must be frm the suth.Cnsidering his age / Taking his age int cnsideratin/ accunt, he shuld nt have been given such a jb.（=In cnsideratin f…; In view f..）Allwing fr/ Making allwance fr the traffic delay, we shuld start ff an hur earlier. Generally speaking/ In general/ Generally, girls prefer fancy clthes.(= In general/ Generally, girls prefer fancy clthes. )Hnestly/ Frankly/ Truly speaking, he is a persn hard t deal with.廣義上講： bradly speaking; 嚴(yán)格來(lái)講 strictly speaking; ?
1. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下兩組例句總結(jié)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。（1）We heard him singing in the next rm.（2）Please speak luder s that yu can make yurself heard.
四、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，選用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞取決于其與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系：ding表主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作進(jìn)行；dne表被動(dòng)、動(dòng)作完成
（3）I saw him taken away by the plice. （4）I saw him being taken away by the plice.
在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞在表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)通常還表示完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式不表示完成，而是表示動(dòng)詞在進(jìn)行。
補(bǔ)充注意：感官動(dòng)詞帶賓補(bǔ)時(shí)hear; see; watch; listen t; bserve; ntice; feel; + sb d…即： hear sb d…etc.被動(dòng)：sb be heard t d…表示聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人曾經(jīng)做了某事；被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)指被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)做了某事
2. 選一選（1）The next mrning she fund the man ____ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying (2) --Gd mrning. Can I help yu? --I’d like t have the package ____, madam. A. be weighed B. t be weighed C. t weigh D. weighed (3) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. t sail D. t have sailed (4) If yu wave yur bk in frnt f yur face, yu can feel the air ____ against yur face. A. mved B. mving C. mves D. t mve
五、練一練1. His essay, ___________ many times, was brief and t the pint, and therefre wn the first prize in the writing cmpetitin. A. plishing upB. having plished up C. t be plished upD. having been plished up2. He std up and lked frward t ________ what had happened and there was a terrible accident that a bus ______ with 15 peple drpped dwn int the river. A. seeing; ladedB. see; laded C. seeing; ladingD. see; lading3. Thugh _______ mney, the parents f the twins managed t send them t university. A. lackedB. lacking C. lacking fD. lacked in 4. As had been expected, Smith wasn’t appinted chairman f the cmmittee, _______ nt very ppular with its members. A. cnsideredB. cnsidering C.having cnsideredD. t be cnsidered 5. The intrductin f pegrammes will hpfully help the systematic destructin f the envirnment _________ and see alternative energy ________ arund the wrld. A. ending;prmteB. ended; prmted C. ended; prmtingD. ending; prmte
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn) 獨(dú)立主格
課前熱身 請(qǐng)用分詞的適當(dāng)形式完成故事I received a letter frm my friend inviting me t her wedding ceremny. Hwever, _having_ (have) an emergency t deal with that day, I failed t be present at the ceremny. Having disappnited (disappint) my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, I felt extremely srry and decided t callher.On hearing her vice, I immediately began t express my regret, adding that, “ Next time I will surely attend yur wedding ceremny, I prmise!”O(jiān)bviuslybeing annyed (anny) by my silly remark, my friend answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” Laughed at (laugh at) bymy husband, I realized what mistake I had made. Having been taught (teach ) a lessn by this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker.?
1. Hwever, _having an emergency t deal with that day, I failed t be present at the ceremny. Hwever, I had an emergency t deal with that day, s I failed t be present at the ceremny.2. Having disappnited my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, I felt extremely srry and decided t call her. I had disappnited my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, s I felt extremely srry and decided t call her. 3. Obviusly being annyed by my silly remark, my friend answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” Obviusly my friend was annyed by my silly remark,s she answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” 4. Having been taught a lessn this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker. When I had been taught a lessn this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker.5. Laughed at by my husband, I realized what mistake I had made. When I was laughed at by my husband, I realized what mistake I had made
仔細(xì)觀(guān)察下面轉(zhuǎn)換的句子，在轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)該注意哪些方面？
結(jié)論：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是句子的主語(yǔ)。 V.-ing表示與主句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與主句中的動(dòng)詞幾乎同 時(shí)發(fā)生； 若先于主句中的動(dòng)詞發(fā)生則用having +dne的結(jié)構(gòu) V-ed 表示與主句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系
若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致呢？
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
一、請(qǐng)將以下斜體的部分改為一個(gè)從句或分句1. Night cming n, we put urselves up in a small htel. When night came n, we put urselves up in a small htel.2. The students having taken their seats, the speaker began his speech. When the students had taken their seats, the speaker began his speech. 3. There being n means f transprtatin, he had t walk hme at midnight. As there was n means f transprtatin, he had t walk hme at midnight.4. Everything taken int cnsideratin, yur plan seems t be mre practical. If everything is taken int cnsideratin, yur plan seems t be mre bk written in single English, English beginners are able t read it.As the bk is written in single English, English beginners are able t read it.6. Such an able man t help yu, yu will surely succeed sner r later.Such an able man is t help yu, yu will surely succeed sner r later.
結(jié)論：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上不與主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)生關(guān)系V.-ing與 動(dòng)詞不定式表示與自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系；V-ed 表示與自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu): 邏輯主語(yǔ) + 分詞（；強(qiáng)調(diào)完成having dne；強(qiáng)調(diào)完成被動(dòng)也可以having been dne）?
二、請(qǐng)比較以下斜體部分的獨(dú)立主格的區(qū)別The manager lks wrried, many things t settle.The manager lks relaxed, many things settled.?The fd being cked, the by was watching TV.The fd cked, the by went t bed.?
結(jié)論： 動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或者即將發(fā)生； V-ed 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束； V.-ing 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
三、請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意用獨(dú)立主格的形式改寫(xiě)或完成句子，并寫(xiě)出獨(dú)立主格的在句中的句法功能。1. If many trees, flwers,and grass are planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful. Many trees, flwers,and grass t be planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful. 表示條件2.His mther t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 表示原因他母親今晚要來(lái)，他正忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。 3. when everyne was ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne being ready,the teacher began his class. 表示時(shí)間
4. The by leading the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave. 表示原因 由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們沒(méi)費(fèi)周折就找到了那個(gè)奇怪的洞。 5. My health allwing, I will wrk far int the night. 表示條件 我的健康許可的話(huà)，我愿意工作到深夜。 6. The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his/her chest. 學(xué)生們快樂(lè)地在學(xué)校里走著，每個(gè)人都帶著胸卡。 表示方式 7. The task cmpleted, they went hme happily. 表示時(shí)間 完成任務(wù)之后，他們高興地回了家。
四、 無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) when everyne was ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne being ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne ready, the teacher began his class.“邏輯主語(yǔ)+being+其他”是獨(dú)立主格中“邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing+其他”形式的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中being/having been可以省去，這種省去being的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱(chēng)之為“無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格”
1. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+名詞 Ten students entered fr the cmpetitin, the yungest being a by f 12.Ten students entered fr the cmpetitin, the yungest a by f 12. 2. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞 Paul turned t me, his eyes being sleepy.Paul turned t me, his eyes sleepy. 3. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+副詞 Schl being ver, we all went hme. Schl being ver, we all went hme. 4. 邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ) The music teacher std at the dr, and a vilin was in his hand.The music teacher std at the dr, a vilin in his hand.The music teacher std at the dr, vilin in hand.
注意： “邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果名詞前是單數(shù)其前可以不用冠詞，同時(shí)介詞短語(yǔ)中的限定詞也可省略。
五、練一練 把下列句子的斜體部分改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. When supper was ready, she called her sn hme. Supper being ready/ Supper ready, she called he sn hme.2. While the gvernr was pndering the matter, mre strikers gathered acrss his path.The gvernr pndering the matter, mre strikers gathered acrss his path.3. Since the earthquake had destryed everything, they became hmeless. The earthquake having destryed everything, they became hmeless. 4. My mther read the letter frm her sn abrad and tears came t her eyes. My mther read the letter frm her sn abrad ,tears cming t her eyes. 5. Thugh s much time has been spent, the wrk is nly half dne. S much time having been spent, the wrk is nly half dne.
with/withut引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 一、“介詞with/withut+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)具體化為: A. With+名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞不定式 B. With/Withut+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞-ed形式/動(dòng)詞ing-形式
1. Tny std in the rain, with his clthes was walking in the rain, with his father sat at the desk, with a pen in his lks sad, with s much hmewrk t d.5. With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.6. Withut a wrd mre spken, she left the meeting rm.7. The shcked man lked at her, with his hands trembling.8. Withut anyne nticing, he slipped thrugh the windw.
注意：在with/withut的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with能省略，但withut不能省略
二、練一練 1. He std fr a mment with his hands still________. A. t be raisedB. raised C. being raisedD. raising2. The ld man std under a big tree, ________. A. a pipe in muthB. with a pipe in muthC. pipe in muthD. pipe in his muth 3. ________ prductin up by 60%, the cmpany has had anther excellent year. A. AsB. FrC. WithD. Thrugh4. With a lt f wrk _t d__ (d), I have t sit up late.5. With everything she needed __bught_ (buy), she went ut f the shp, with her hands full f shpping bags.6. With tw children attending (attend) high schl, the farmer cuple have t wrk frm mrning till night.