專題9. 閱讀技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題 -九年級英語寒假精講精練（牛津譯林版）

這是一份專題9. 閱讀技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題 -九年級英語寒假精講精練（牛津譯林版），文件包含專題9?閱讀技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測題解析版docx、專題9?閱讀技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測題原卷版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共40頁， 歡迎下載使用。
?閱讀技巧--細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題
詞義猜測題

題型特點(diǎn)
這類題型旨在考查學(xué)生利用上下文對詞、詞組以及句子的辨別能力。利用上下文猜測詞義是閱讀理解的基本技巧之一,也是我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的主要方法。在閱讀過程中,有些同學(xué)一遇到生僻詞語就查詞典,這是不可取的。一遇到生僻詞語就查閱詞典不但會使我們養(yǎng)成依賴詞典的習(xí)慣,而且還會影響閱讀速度。我們閱讀漢語文章時遇到不認(rèn)識的詞語是否都查詞典呢?答案是否定的?？墒俏覀兪侨绾卫斫馑鼈兊哪?利用上下文提示猜測詞義就是訣竅。
詞義猜測題的類型主要有三種:熟詞新義要求學(xué)生在某一特定的語言環(huán)境中推斷某一多義詞的正確意思;生詞釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍較小的上下文推斷出詞義;難句釋義要求學(xué)生根據(jù)范圍稍大的上下文推斷句意。
2.詞義猜測題主要的設(shè)問方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
3.詞義猜測題的解題技巧
(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義
通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞所在部分與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能猜詞義。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果關(guān)系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯),可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。
(2)通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測詞義
在文章中,有時作者為避免重復(fù),或為了表達(dá)同一事物的不同種類,使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下,我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系由熟悉的詞語推測不熟悉詞語的含義。
通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均為生詞,但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于“行星”這一領(lǐng)域。
(3)通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義
有時作者為了說明相反的兩件事或人,使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進(jìn)行對比,我們可以利用已知單詞推測未知單詞的詞義。
通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞,如but,while,however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語。
例　He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析　根據(jù)“not at all as handsome...”我們不難推測出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義
在閱讀文章時,我們總會遇上一些生詞,有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞義,而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用。此時,如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞法知識,這些問題便不難解決了。
(5)通過定義或釋義關(guān)系猜測詞義
定義或解釋形式多樣,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等詞匯或破折號來表示。作者為了更好地表達(dá)思想,在文章中對一些重要的概念、難懂的術(shù)語或詞匯等進(jìn)行解釋。這些解釋提供的信息具有明確的針對性,利用它們猜詞義比較容易。如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。
例　But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析　從drought所在的句子我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時期,即drought,由此可見drought的意思是“久旱,旱災(zāi)”。而a dry period和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折號等來表示。
(6)通過舉例來猜測詞義
恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。
例　Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析　pineapples和coconuts是生詞,我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大概的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同類關(guān)系,同屬fruit類,因此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子。
(7)通過描述猜測詞義
描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的描寫。
例　The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析　從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類,即企鵝。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。
(8)根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義
①有些單詞并不能直接猜測出其詞義,但可以根據(jù)上下文的提示猜測出其詞義。
例　One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.?
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means　　　.?
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析　根據(jù)上文“我一直認(rèn)為不管世間的事物有多么糟,你還是能發(fā)現(xiàn)它積極的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推知生詞詞義。
例　If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.?
The underlined phrase“all wet”means　　　.?
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析　根據(jù)下文“我不喜歡跟他在一起”可知,他如果認(rèn)為能約我出去,那就“錯了”。因此D是正確答案。
(9)根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義
有時,我們利用自己的生活常識,便可知道生詞的含義。
例　A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.?
解析　從句子意思可知他想買釘子,那么賣釘子的商店無疑是五金店。
(10)利用單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測
英語中有些單詞來自漢語,與漢語的發(fā)音有些相似,另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時采用音譯,如:sofa(沙發(fā)),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(臺風(fēng)),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龍)等。因此,利用單詞的發(fā)音也是一種猜測的手段。
例　The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.?
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.?
解析　上面這兩個句子中畫線的兩個詞,只要我們能準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音,就能知道它們的意思分別是“奧林匹克”和“嗎啡”。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題
1.題型特點(diǎn)
這類題在閱讀理解中所占比例較大。它常常針對文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問,即針對(w)h-問題,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等進(jìn)行提問,目的在于測試學(xué)生對說明文章中心思想的支撐事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要的設(shè)問方式
①Which of the following is true/not true?
②Which of the following is mentioned/not mentioned in the passage?
③Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
④Which of the following best describes...?
⑤Which of the following shows/gives the right relationship /position of...?
⑥When/Where/Why/Who/What/How...?
3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧
所謂“事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)”,是指在閱讀理解的短文中客觀存在的事實(shí)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般來說,應(yīng)在短文中找出相關(guān)信息的位置,確定試題測試的考點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,有的試題還得對原文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一定的分析比較,才能做出正確的選擇。
(1)搜尋直接答案的閱讀技巧
先閱讀所給的問題,判斷其是否適合采用直接搜尋的閱讀方法。如果所提問題是文章中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜尋答案。
(2)搜尋間接答案的閱讀技巧
①閱讀文章所給的問題,判斷哪些題目可以依靠通讀來解決。比如概括文章主題,給無標(biāo)題文章選標(biāo)題,指出作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖等的題目就需要依靠通讀來解決。
②用較短的時間大體上瀏覽一下閱讀材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么內(nèi)容,屬于什么體裁,以及文章安排的大體輪廓等。
③從頭到尾閱讀一遍。一般來說,第一段或前幾句包含作者的基本思想和下文的發(fā)展線索,它是全文展開的基礎(chǔ),為下文發(fā)展搭建了理論框架。認(rèn)真閱讀第一段或文章的前幾句,盡量抓住其中的主要情節(jié)和論點(diǎn),把握全文發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)。
④有些細(xì)節(jié)題容易出錯主要有幾種情況:
a.干擾項多。類似的內(nèi)容多而雜,需要從中找出準(zhǔn)確答案。例如:短文同時出現(xiàn)多個朋友,過去現(xiàn)在的十幾種愛好,細(xì)節(jié)題考某人過去的愛好,需要在多而雜的內(nèi)容中,帶上問題,逐一去尋找,比對,找到正確選項。
b.迷惑性強(qiáng)。例:文中出現(xiàn)總金牌數(shù),問題問的是奧運(yùn)金牌數(shù),粗心的考生易錯選總金牌數(shù)。這類題要看清關(guān)鍵信息。
一
Are you bored with your daily routine? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it’s too late!
Learn to swim
Actually, this is so important it could save your life. If you can’t swim well, you won’t be able to do water sports like waterskiing, surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will not be safe for you. Make sure you do it.
Collect something
One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect Chinese stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you’ve done, like cinema tickets for films. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you. That way you won’t forget.
Try at least one kind of team sport
Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can’t just think of yourself, but have to work well with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too — you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends.
Write your family tree
When you are young，get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young.Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won’t forget.
1. According to the passage, we should learn to swim because it could ________.[來源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)]
A. save our lives B. keep us fit and healthy
C. make us work well with others
2. The best way to collect things is ________.
A. to have a special album
B. to buy more stamps and tickets
C. to exchange them with your friends
3. Being a good team player can help you ________.
A. think of yourself B. have a good social skill C. become a ball game star
4. In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should ________.
A. go to lots of family parties
B. find something that they used
C. draw a family tree and make notes
1. 【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)文中＂Actually，this is so important it could save your life.＂可知。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)文中＂The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.＂可知。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)文中＂Being a good team player is an important skill in life.＂可知。
4.【答案】 C
【解析】根據(jù)文中＂Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won’t forget.＂可知。
二
One day an Australian farmer Joe saw a bright light in the sky. The light came nearer and nearer and suddenly Joe saw that it was a spaceship. The spaceship landed in a field quickly.
The door of the spaceship opened and two strange beings climbed out. Joe was afraid of them. He tried to run away. But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship. They put wires from a machine onto his head and then they could speak to him in English.
They asked him questions about the Earth. ＂We’re from Venus(金星),＂ they said, ＂but it is getting very hot there. A lot of our people are dying and we haven’t much time left. We are trying to find a new home.＂
After some time they freed Joe and at last the spaceship took off and could not be seen.
Joe told his friends about the spacemen, but no one believed his story. ＂You’ll believe me one day,＂ Joe told them. ＂The spacemen will come back...＂[
1. The bright light in the sky was ________.
A. the sun B. a spaceship
C. a shining bird D. Venus
2. The strange beings came to the Earth to ________.
A. visit Joe B. catch Joe
C. find a new home D. live with Joe
3. Joe was ________ the spaceship.
A. carried into B. asked into
C. not afraid of D. happy to get into
4. The strange beings ________ before they let him go.
A. had asked Joe several questions
B. had given Joe some wires
C. had asked Joe to mend their machine
D. had given Joe a lot of money
1. 【答案】B
【解析】根據(jù)第一段中＂...Joe saw that it was a spaceship.＂可知選B。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句＂We are trying to find a new home.＂可知選C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)第二段中＂But the spacemen walked towards him, picked him up and carried him into the spaceship.＂可知選A。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)第三段第一句＂They asked him questions about the Earth.＂可以知道答案。

三
Music is different from songs. Songs express feelings with lyrics, but music with tones(音調(diào)).Unlike songs, music tones in themselves have no specific meanings. Different people may get different things from the same musical performance. Though some music works are difficult to understand, people need music in their daily life because it brings fun to them. Different people like different music: some love classical music, and others take an interest in pop music. Most young people like pop music.
Pop music began in the USA and became popular around the world during the 1950s and 1960s.The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂. Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world. It has caused the number of people for ＂jazz＂ music to become much smaller than in the 1950s and earlier and it has now begun to become the most popular. Much pop music is without artistic value(價值), but the works of some pop singers such as the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the groups like Pink Floyd and Crosby are excellent. And there is still great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals are held all over the world.[來源:Z#xx#k.Com]
1. The biggest difference between music and songs is ________.
A. feelings B. lyrics and tones
C. languages and countries D. meanings
2. According to the passage, the number of people for jazz in the 1950s and earlier was ________ it is today.
A. much greater than B. much smaller than
C. as great as D. as small as
3. What does the underlined word ＂kind＂ mean?
A. Type. B. Class.
C. Feature. D. Entertainment.
4. Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?
A. People can get different things from the same piece of music.
B. Pop music began to be popular in the midtwentieth century.
C. The best-known early form of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂.
D. Much pop music is of great artistic value, so it interests young people greatly.
文章大意：音樂通過音調(diào)表達(dá)感情，不同的人喜歡不同的音樂。作者著重介紹流行音樂的發(fā)展及地位。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Songs express feelings with lyrics, but music with tones(音調(diào)).可知歌曲和音樂表達(dá)感情的不同在于歌詞及音調(diào)，故選B。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)It has caused the number of people for ＂jazz＂ music to become much smaller than in the 1950s and earlier可知在二十世紀(jì)五十年代及之前喜歡爵士樂的人比現(xiàn)在多，故選A。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll＂.最著名的早期的流行音樂是搖滾樂。kind種類，結(jié)合句意，故選A。
4. 【答案】D
【解析】是非判斷題。根據(jù)Different people may get different things from the same musical performance.可
知A正確；根據(jù)Pop music began in the USA and became popular around the world during the 1950s and 1960s.可知B正確；根據(jù)The best-known early kind of pop music was ＂rock and roll可知C正確；根據(jù)Much pop music is without artistic value(價值), but…可知D錯誤，故選D。

四
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world. It brings us sweet smelling flowers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But you can get more from your garden.
Gardening helps to keep healthy. Today’s people sit indoors for too long and don’t get much exercise. When you garden, you have to move around. It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers or doing some digging. Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D. It helps your bodies use calcium(鈣), which is necessary to keep your bones(骨骼) strong.
　3　It gets them off computers, televisions and phones. Gardening can be a great teacher to teach children about nature and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the meaning of “No pains, no gains.”?
Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and so do gardeners. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.
1.When it’s　　　, you can get Vitamin D in your garden.?
A.sunny B.cloudy C.snowy D.rainy
2.According to the passage, 　　　is one of the gardening activities.?
A.watching TV B.watering flowers
C.walking dogs D.playing with phones
3.Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 3?
A.Gardening will be good for your bones.
B.Gardening may help people to feel happy.
C.Gardening is a great activity to do with children.
D.Gardening can be a good way to meet neighbors.
4.The best title of the passage may be “　　　”.?
A.Outdoor Activities
B.Advantages of Gardening
C.Healthy Eating Habits
D.Relationships with Neighbors
1.【答案】A　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五、六句Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D.可知選A。
2.【答案】B　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句中的It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers可知選B。
3.【答案】C　
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知,該段講的是園藝工作對孩子的益處,故選C。
4.【答案】B　
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容及之后每段的首句可知,文章主要講述做園藝工作的好處,故選B。
五
Bobby was preparing to go to bed one night when he heard a shrill screech(尖叫)coming from the barn(牲口棚) outside. What could be making such a loud noise so late in the evening?He had trouble falling asleep and turned all night long dreaming about the noisy monster in the barn. When Bobby woke the next morning, he ran to the barn to discover what caused the loud noise last night. Bobby was baffled. He could not figure out what would make such a noise. That evening after dinner, Bobby gathered his courage, held a flashlight and headed out to the barn.
“Where are you going?” Bobby’s father asked as Bobby made his way through the kitchen to the back door.
“I am going to find the monster in the barn that was making such a noise last night,” Bobby replied bravely.
“If you are going to look for a monster, you might need some help,”Bobby’s dad responded as he walked with Bobby out to the barn.
“What did this monster sound like?”Bobby’s dad asked.
“It was a screeching noise,”Bobby said,“and it was coming from the barn. I know it!” Bobby’s dad began to smile as they went near the barn, and he took the flashlight from Bobby. Shining the flashlight up at the roof of the barn, Bobby and his dad saw a small brown owl in the roof.
“It was only a barn owl that you heard last night,” Bobby’s dad said,“They are active in the night so that is why you only heard him at night. He must have been hunting.”
Bobby was relieved that it wasn’t really a monster. He thanked his dad as they walked back to the house. As they reached the door they heard a loud screech and looked up just in time to see the barn owl flying away into the night sky.
1.What do you think the underlined word “baffled” in Paragraph 1 probably means?
A.勇敢 B.疑惑 C.自信 D.害羞
2.This passage is mainly about 　　　.?
A.dreaming about the noisy monsters
B.a father and a son going hunting in the barn
C.learning about different types of owls
D.discovering the source of a strange sound
3.What would probably be the best title for this passage?
A.The Monster in the Barn B.The Horse in the Barn
C.Father and Son D.Bobby’s Dad
1.【答案】B　
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的He could not figure out what would make such a noise可知答案。
2.【答案】D　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二、三段可以知道他想確定“尖叫聲”的來源。
3.【答案】A　
【解析】主旨大意題。文章中Bobby在尋找尖叫聲的來源,他認(rèn)為有怪物,后來發(fā)現(xiàn)“尖叫的怪物”原來是貓頭鷹,以“牲口棚中的怪物”為題更加切合主題。
六
For a long time, scientists believed that only humans were left- or right-handed. However, recent studies have shown that this isn’t true. Just like people, animals favor one side or the other.

In Ireland, scientists studied a group of 42 cats. They gave them three tasks. One was to get a delicious piece of fish out of a bottle. They found that the male cats preferred to use their left paw, and the female cats preferred to use their right.

Being left- or right-handed isn’t limited to(局限于) arms and legs. It can include eyes, ears, claws, and even tails. In Italy, scientists discovered that dogs wag their tails to the right when they see something that they like. When they see something that they don’t like, their tails go to the left.
There are lots of other fun examples. Left-handed dolphins swim in a different direction around the pool. Elephants like to swing their trunks in one direction. Even snakes prefer to curl up only one way.
Many people believe that polar bears are left-handed. They say, for example, that polar bears cover their black nose with their right paw, which helps them hide in the snow when they are hunting. Then they can sneak up(悄悄靠近) on a seal, and their left paw will be free to catch it.
Scientists, however, disagree. Some have watched polar bears for thousands of hours. They never saw the bears cover their nose during a hunt. They also saw no evidence(證據(jù)) that they were left-handed. Without taking any notice of this, many websites continue to say that polar bears are left-handed.
Scientists are still learning about animals and their behaviors. The next time you see an animal, whether it’s your pet cat or an elephant, try figuring out yourself which it prefers—left or right.
1.The underlined word “favor” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to 　　　.?
A.give B.find C.see D.prefer
2.In Paragraph 2, we can get the information about 　　　.?
A.an Irish scientist who studies cats
B.a study about cats and its findings
C.three tasks done by male and female cats
D.an introduction to how cats get fish
3.Which one of the following statements is TRUE about polar bears?
A.It’s believed that polar bears are left-handed for they use their left paw to cover their nose.
B.The finding that polar bears cover their nose while hunting is supported by scientists.
C.Scientists disagree with the popular belief that polar bears are left-handed.
D.The information from many websites that polar bears are left-handed is believable.
4.The purpose of this passage is mainly to 　　　.?
A.introduce recent studies of animals
B.explain why some animals are left-handed
C.tell us which side animals prefer
D.let us learn about animals in different countries
1.【答案】D　
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二自然段中They found that the male cats preferred to use their left paw, and the female cats preferred to use their right可以推斷出favor的含義就是prefer。
2.【答案】B　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段第一句的scientists studied a group of 42 cats和第四句的They found that...可知選擇B項。
3.【答案】C　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第五段講述了人們普遍相信北極熊是左撇子,第六段講述了科學(xué)家們的研究推翻了這一觀點(diǎn),因此選擇C項。
4.【答案】A　
【解析】主旨大意題。通過首段中的recent studies have shown that...animals...和尾段中的Scientists are still learning about animals and their behavior可知,文章介紹的是科學(xué)家們最近對一些動物的研究。因此選擇A項。
七
Long long ago, there was a king. He liked to draw pictures. He thought his pictures were good, so he liked to show them to people. People were afraid to say that the king's pictures were bad, so they all said that his pictures were very good.
　　One day, the king showed some of his best pictures to an artist. He wanted the artist to speak well of these pictures. But the artist said his pictures were so bad that he should put them into the fire. The king got angry with him and put him to prison.
　　After some time, the king's guard brought the artist back to the palace. The king said to the artist. “I will set you free if you tell me which one of my pictures is good.” Again he showed him some of his new pictures and asked what he thought of them.
　　After having a look at them, the artist at once turned to the guard and said, “Take me back to prison, please.
　1．What did the king like to do?
　　A. To buy pictures.　　　　B. To draw pictures.
　　C. To keep pictures. 　　　D. To watch pictures.
　2．The pictures the king drew were __________.
　　A. as good as the artist’s 　　　　 B. better than the artist’s
　　C. very bad　　　　　　　　 　 D. very good
　3．Which of the following is right?
　　A. The artist said the king’s pictures were excellent.
　　B. The king thought his pictures were not good.
　　C. The artist said the king’s pictures were bad.
D. The people said the king’s pictures were good.
4．What’s the meaning of the sentence “Take me back to prison”?
　　A. The artist liked to be in prison.
　　B. The artist thought the king’s pictures were better.
　　C. The artist thought the king’s pictures were still bad.
　　D. The artist was still angry with the king.
1. 【答案】B。
【解析】由第一段第二句可判斷。
2. 【答案】C。
【解析】由第一段最后一句可判斷。這個國家的人怕國王，不敢說國王的畫不好。只好違心地說國王的畫好。
3. 【答案】C。
【解析】由第二段第三句可判斷。
4. 【答案】B。
【解析】由第二段最后一句可判斷。
5. 【答案】C。
【解析】因為第一次畫家說國王的畫不好，結(jié)果關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。第二次國王想讓畫家在新畫中挑一張好的，畫家挑不出來，要求回監(jiān)獄。也就是說，國王的新畫還是都不好。
八
TV has become one important part of modern life．People enjoy themselves after hard work by watching TV．They can see some plays，some stories，some sports matches without going out of home，and without spending much money buying tickets．TV programmes make people’s life more interesting．
People learn much from TV，students can study by watching some educational programmes．People can see news，weather reports，programmes about science and computers．
But not all the programmes are good enough．Today，there are too many programmes about love and crime．Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes．And watching TV usually takes too much time．It’s not good for people’s work and study．It’s not good for their eyes，either．
Is watching TV a good thing or a bad one? I think it depends on people themselves．If one can choose good programmes and he doesn’t spend too much time on TV，it can be a good thing for him．
1．If we don’t go out of home，how can we see some football matches according to the article?
A．By listening to the radio．
B．By buying some tickets．
C．By watching TV．
D．By being a fan．
2．What can we see on TV?
A．Some plays and stories． B．Some educational programmes．
C．News，weather reports． D．All of the above．
3．Why do some people become bad after watching some programmes?
A．Because they watch TV for a long time every day．
B．Because they learn from the bad people on TV．
C．Because it isn’t good for their eyes．
D．Because they don’t get enough sleep．
4．What does the underlined word“crime”mean?
A．奮斗 B．教育 C．犯罪 D．科學(xué)
1．【答案】C。
【解析】由第一段可知通過看電視我們可以足不出戶看足球賽。
2．【答案】D。
【解析】由第一段的“They can see some plays，some stories...”及第二段內(nèi)容可知選D。
3．【答案】B。
【解析】由第三段的“Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes.”可知選B。
4．【答案】C。
【解析】由第三段的“Some people become bad because they learn from the bad people in those programmes．”可推斷crime應(yīng)該是一個表示“壞的”方面的詞，利用排除法應(yīng)該選C。
5. 【答案】C。
【解析】由最后一段第二句話可知答案。
九
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? How will you escape? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following passage．
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter．Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life．It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family，such as stairways(樓梯) and fire escapes，but not lifts．
From the lower floors of the buildings，escaping through windows is possible．Learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury(受傷)．
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground．Of course，it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building．
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help．Be sure to keep the door closed．Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room．Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may leak(滲) into the room．
On a second or third floor，the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof．From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely．Dropping onto hard ground might end in injury．Bushes(灌木叢) and grass can help to break a fall(使勢頭減弱)．
1．It is important to _______．
A．put out the big fire in the burning house
B．jump off a high burning house
C．know the ways to escape from the fire
D．keep the door open
2．From Paragraph 3，we know that it is possible to escape through the windows _______．
A．if there are no bushes on the ground
B．if you live on a lower floor
C．if you live on a higher floor
D．if you have no rope
3．Which of the following escaping ways is NOT right?
A．You can escape through stairways．
B．You can choose fire escapes．
C．Escape from the windows that open onto a roof．
D．Use a lift to come down at once．
4．Of course，it is _______ to jump a short way than to stay in a building on fire．
A．safer B．easier C．more dangerous D．more difficult
1．【答案】C。
【解析】結(jié)合文中第二段可知：在火災(zāi)中懂得逃生和自救是非常重要的。
2．【答案】B。
【解析】由第三段From the lower floors of the buildings，escaping through windows is possible.”可知：低樓層的人遇到火災(zāi)，通過窗戶逃生是可以的。故選B。
3．【答案】D。
【解析】由第二段可知：從樓梯和安全出口逃生是正確的方法，而不是乘電梯，故選D說法不正確。
4．【答案】A。
【解析】由第四段最后一句可知：從一個較矮的地方跳下比待在一幢著火的建筑物里更安全。故答案選A。
十
TOKYO, JAPAN—What do you do when you see a cockroach (蟑螂）？ Do you hit it with a newspaper? Do you step on it?
When researchers at Tokyo University see a cockroach, they take the remote control and make the cockroach turn around, run left or right, or go forward. These scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots. Each cockroach has a very small pack that has in it a microprocessor(微處理器）.Then researchers can send signals from the remote control to the pack. The signals control the movements of the cockroaches.
Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? “Insects can do many things that people can’t,” says Isao Shimoyama, head of robot research at Tokyo University. In a few years, he says, these robot insects will carry very small cameras. They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦礫）to look for people or move under doors to find information about someone.
This may seem strange, but the Japanese government thinks the research is very important. The government is giving the scientists $ 5 million for this research.
First, the researchers breed (培育)hundreds of cockroaches. They use only the American cockroach because it is bigger and stronger than other cockroaches. Then they choose the best cockroaches and remove their wings and antennae(觸須）. They put small packs where the antennae were. The packs weigh about three grams, or about two times the weight of the cockroaches themselves. “Cockroaches are very strong,” says Ralph Holzer, who is a researcher at Tokyo University. “They can lift 20 times their own weight.”
With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves. The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.
1. The scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots because ______.
A. they want cockroaches to do things people can’t in the future
B. they want to control the movements of the cockroaches
C. they want cockroaches to take photos of the earthquakes
D. they want to send signals to the packs on the cockroaches
2. What can cockroaches do to help people?
A. They can lift 20 times their own weight.
B. They can help people to carry very small cameras.
C. They can breed hundreds of cockroaches.
D. They can search for those people in rubble after an earthquake.
3. Scientists control cockroaches’ movements ______.
A. by removing their wings
B. by sending signals from the remote control
C. by using very small cameras
D. by removing their antennae
4. What problem do the researchers meet with?
A. The cockroaches sometimes don’t move.
B. The cockroaches sometimes move in the wrong direction.
C. The cockroaches are too big to move through earthquake rubble.
D. The cockroaches can only lift 20 times their own weight.
1.【答案】 A。
【解析】根據(jù)第三段中的“Insects can do many things that people can’t”可知，科學(xué)家將蟑螂變成機(jī)器人是因為他們想讓蟑螂在將來做一些人類不能夠做的事情，故選A。
2. 【答案】D。
【解析】根據(jù)第三段中的“They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦礫)to look for people or move under doors to find information about someone.”可知，答案選D。
3. 【答案】B。
【解析】根據(jù)最后一段中的“With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves.”可知，科學(xué)家通過發(fā)送信號來控制蟑螂的運(yùn)動，故選B。
4. 【答案】B。
【解析】根據(jù)文章的最后一句“The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.”可知，科學(xué)家遇到的問題是蟑螂有時會走錯方向，故選B。

十一
Gardening is popular in many parts of the world. It brings us sweet smelling flowers, fresh fruit and vegetables. But you can get more from your garden.
Gardening helps to keep healthy. Today’s people sit indoors for too long and don’t get much exercise. When you garden, you have to move around. It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers or doing some digging. Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D. It helps your bodies use calcium(鈣), which is necessary to keep your bones(骨骼) strong.
　1　It gets them off computers, televisions and phones. Gardening can be a great teacher to teach children about nature and healthy eating. It can also help them to understand the meaning of “No pains, no gains.”?
Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships. When you are gardening, you are outdoors. So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors. Most people love to talk about their hobbies, and so do gardeners. They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing. And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens.
1.When it’s　　　, you can get Vitamin D in your garden.?
A.sunny B.cloudy
C.snowy D.rainy
2.According to the passage, 　　　is one of the gardening activities.?
A.watching TV B.watering flowers
C.walking dogs D.playing with phones
3.Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 3?
A.Gardening will be good for your bones.
B.Gardening may help people to feel happy.
C.Gardening is a great activity to do with children.
D.Gardening can be a good way to meet neighbors.
1.【答案】A　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五、六句Besides, when you are in your garden, you can feel the warm sunshine. This means you are getting Vitamin D.可知選A。
2. 【答案】B　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句中的It’s a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers可知選B。
3. 【答案】C　
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知,該段講的是園藝工作對孩子的益處,故選C。
十二
Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme(酵素) that eats plastics(塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution.
The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics.?
The researchers made the discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn)) while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan. They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics. So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids(氨基酸). It made the natural enzyme’s plastic-eating abilities work faster and better.
John McGeehan, one of the lead researchers, said, “We’ve made an improved enzyme. It’s better than the natural one. And we are trying to make more improvements to it.” He went on, “The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals, and it is friendly to the environment. So we are considering putting it into wider use.”
The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities(大量地). “We’ll see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology. However, there is still a long way to go,” John McGeehan added.
1.According to the scientists, the enzyme may solve the problem of　　　 pollution.?
A.air B.water C.light D.plastic
2.The underlined phrase “break down” in the passage probably means “　　　” in Chinese.?
A.實(shí)驗 B.生產(chǎn) C.發(fā)明 D.分解
3.Researchers discovered that a natural enzyme helped eat plastics　　　.?
A.in Britain B.in the US
C.in Japan D.in China
1.【答案】D　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的it could solve the problem of plastic pollution可知選D。
2. 【答案】D　
【解析】詞義猜測題。上文提到這類酵素能解決塑料污染問題,而只有分解塑料才能解決塑料污染問題,故選D。
3. 【答案】C　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句The researchers made the discovery while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan.可知C項正確。
十三
Have you ever imagined going to other countries without your paper passport?That will soon come true. And your paper passport will become history. You may use a new kind of passport called “cloud passport”in the future.
It’s reported that Australia will be the first country to use the cloud passport. With the cloud passport, you don’t have to take a paper passport with you all the time. The cloud passport will have your name, photos and other information. And if you go to other countries, you can just check the information on the computer.
When you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it. But with the cloud passport, you don’t have to worry about that.
Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea?Perhaps you will have it in the future, too.
1.You may use a new kind of passport called“　　　passport”in the future.?
A.cloud B.paper C.history D.photo
2.It’s reported that　　　will be the first country to use the new kind of passport.?
A.China B.Australia C.America D.England
3.If you have the cloud passport,　　　.?
A.you can take it with you easily
B.you needn’t worry about losing it
C.you can go to Australia freely
D.you needn’t go to other countries
1.【答案】A　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句可知為“云護(hù)照”。
2. 【答案】B　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句可知,澳大利亞將會是第一個使用“云護(hù)照”的國家。
3. 【答案】B　
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知,有了“云護(hù)照”就不必?fù)?dān)心丟失護(hù)照了。