【高考二輪重難點復(fù)習(xí)】2023年高考英語易錯點精講精練學(xué)案——專題03 第四講推理判斷題（閱讀理解題型突破）（含解析）

這是一份【高考二輪重難點復(fù)習(xí)】2023年高考英語易錯點精講精練學(xué)案——專題03 第四講推理判斷題（閱讀理解題型突破）（含解析），共23頁。學(xué)案主要包含了考點解讀，命題方向，命題分析，觀點態(tài)度詞，解題步驟，命題解讀，設(shè)問方式，2022年新高考I卷等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
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專題03 第四講
推理判斷題---閱讀理解題型突破


【考點解讀】
推理判斷題主要考查考試推理上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力，要求考試在遵循原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章相關(guān)句子進行分析、推理和判斷，理解深層含義。在高考真題中，觀點態(tài)度題、寫作意圖題、推斷隱含意義題為高頻考點。
【命題方向】
1. 觀點態(tài)度題
2. 寫作意圖題
3. 隱含推斷題
4. 下文預(yù)測題
5. 文章出處題
. 考點一 觀點態(tài)度題
【命題分析】
作者的觀點和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：樂觀、支持、贊同；中立、客觀；悲觀、懷疑、反對、批評。作者的思想態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間，應(yīng)特別注意文中表達感情色彩的形容詞和副詞。
【觀點態(tài)度詞】
肯定、支持 ：favorable贊同的; approving贊成的；positive積極的；reasonable合理地；enthusiastic熱情的；
否定、反對 ：impractical不實際的；negative否定的；disapproving不贊成的；prejudiced有成見的；critical批評的；
客觀、中立 ：objective客觀的； neutral中立的； indifferent漠然的；unconcerned漠不關(guān)心的；

考點二 寫作意圖題

【解題步驟】
策略 一
首尾兼顧知段意
新聞報道、說明文和議論文的主題句常在段首。
策略 二
段中歸納

先用一兩句話引出主題，再陳述主題，然后論述細節(jié)。即：
引出主題--段落中心--論述總結(jié)
策略 三
全文概括
沒有明顯段落主題句時，需要概括段落內(nèi)容，總結(jié)段落大意。語言要精練、準確、范圍恰當。

考點三 隱含推斷題

【命題解讀】
隱含推斷題的題干一般為以下幾個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建議)；conclude(得出結(jié)論)；assume(假定，設(shè)想)；imply(暗示)。隱含推斷題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息借助語境進行推理判斷，需要考生把握文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，才能得出準確的判斷，切忌主觀臆斷、無中生有或文章原句復(fù)現(xiàn)。
【設(shè)問方式】
1. What can we infer from...? /What can be in ferred about...?
2. What can we learn about...? /What do we know about...?
3.Which of the following best describes...?

考點四 下文預(yù)測題
【解題步驟】
預(yù)測下文推斷題
根據(jù)語篇對事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能提到的內(nèi)容進行預(yù)測推斷。
解題技巧：
1. 把握文章思路：事情發(fā)展的先后順序、因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、空間關(guān)系等。
2. 關(guān)注最后一段尤其是末句內(nèi)容。

考點五 文章出處題
【解題步驟】
Newspaper
1.首段或首句為新聞歸納 (時效性強)。2.有特殊的文體標示(如Reuters)
Magazine
1. 內(nèi)容更加豐富，專題性更強，話題更詳細
2. 語言輕松活潑、語言表述更具作者的主體意識。
Research
1. 語言比較專業(yè)化，會有一些專業(yè)詞匯(如 Planetary orbit )
2. 內(nèi)容上嚴肅且精華，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)專業(yè)的知識。
Diary
1.語言不正式，個人情緒濃重 2.內(nèi)容上往往準時間次序記述事件，且往往在文章后部抒發(fā)個人感覺，或是文章行文夾敘 3.文體上具有自己特點(比方時間、天氣) story特點:
Textbook
1. 運用教化性的、勸服性的、描繪性、說理解說味濃的語言
2. 對閱讀的對象的指向性特別明確

真題透視
1. 【2022年新高考I卷】
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作業(yè)) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world ......
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
3.【2022年全國乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — ......
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.......
25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
27．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
2．Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．An Italian teacher. B．A government official.
C．The author herself. D．The author’s classmate.
3．How did the summer job benefit the author?
A．It strengthened her love for school. B．It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C．It opened her eyes to the real world. D．It made her childhood dream come true.


模擬演練
1. 【江蘇省揚州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三檢測試題】
Created as recently as 2011, and mainly played by those aged over 50, walking football is growing at great pace in Britain. The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness. According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40,000 regular participants.
North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example. “We started in 2015,” explains Mark Leighton, the team’s manager. “The first week we started off, we probably only had four or five players. Now we have 42 registered players taking part over three separate sessions each week.” Mark’s immediate goal is to get the club to 50 registered players across four sessions a week.
Andy Fairburn is a regular at the sessions. Now in his early-seventies, Andy finds the game still has plenty to offer him. “I’ve been playing football since 16. Getting older, your knees start to hurt, and I’ll know when it’s time to stop. I am sill competitive, though, and old habits die hard.”
It goes beyond kicking a football around for players like Andy. “There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.”
Walking football is clearly a success story with much to be proud of. However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.
23．What do we know about walking football?
A．It is becoming popular in and outside Britain.
B．It has been played for dozens of years.
C．It is aimed at improving elderly people’s welfare.
D．It has the same rules as the normal football.
24．Why does the author mention North Ferriby Club in paragraph 2?
A．To introduce a successful walking football club.
B．To illustrate the growth of walking football.
C．To praise Mark Leighton’s work for the club.
D．To suggest the ideal number of players in a club.
25．What does Andy Fairburn like most about walking football?
A．The sport is good for his knees. B．He doesn’t have to give up his habit.
C．Winning games makes him feel good. D．He can make friends with new people.
26．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．There’s work to be done to promote the game. B．Most women don’t like playing football.
C．Walking football clubs can be profitable. D．The findings of the 2019 survey are wrong.

2.【江蘇省揚州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三檢測試題】
As the threat against coral reefs has increased, researchers are introducing innovative methods to farm healthy corals more efficiently.
Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture (培育) corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.
These methods include growing corals in tanks on land, or using advanced techniques to promote growth rates and adaptability to the changing environment. Coral Vita, a for-profit company in Grand Bahama, can now grow corals up to 50 times faster than in nature by cutting corals into small pieces, a process known as “microfragmentation”.
The farm is also equipped with a high-tech aquaculture system, referred to by Coral Vita employees as the “l(fā)ife support system,” which can regulate water quality through temperature, pH and other adjustable settings. The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. “It can be very plug and play, which is really important for large-scale restoration,” says Teicher, founder of Coral Vita.
The potential for large scale is critical to Coral Via’s business plan, which is connected to the idea or “selling restoration as a service”. In 2021, Coral Vita signed its first restoration contracts with the Grand Bahama Port Authority. “There are about 100 countries and regions with coral reefs,” Teicher says. “There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.”
Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.
27．In which aspect are new methods of coral restoration different from traditional ways?
A．Growing corals can be more economical. B．Fewer workers are needed to grow corals.
C．Corals are grown in artificial environments. D．New methods are more environment friendly.
28．What does Teicher mean by saying “plug and play”?
A．The farm’s technology is advanced. B．The system is easy to operate.
C．Many places have brought in the system. D．He is confident of his farm’s future.
29．Why does Teicher choose the for-profit model?
A．Because the model can help him become rich.
B．Because the model is required by the authority.
C．Because there are fewer non-profit companies.
D．Because donations are not enough for restoration.
30．What is Vaughan’s attitude towards Coral Vita’s plan?
A．Approving. B．Skeptical. C．Unclear. D．Tolerant.

3.【河北省滄衡八校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三試題】
Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading.
When entering Hearthfire Books and Treats in Evergreen, shoppers are greeted by a bright green wall of frozen yogurt machines and a topping bar.
Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. “So for us, the frozen yogurt was a big one of those.”
Hearthfire attracts a big afterschool crowd from the local schools, and Kling enjoys providing a safe place for kids to hang out, have a snack and read.
Creating reading community is also a central focus at BookBar on Tennyson Street in Denver. Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work.
While he may not have changed his business model, Topp does devote much of his time to reading to his customers. Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more.
8．What does the underlined word “one” in paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．Thing. B．Customer. C．Change. D．Model.
9．What was Sullivan’s earlier dream?
A．Reading more books.
B．Opening a reading club.
C．Setting up a reading website.
D．Getting more collectable books.
10．What do the three bookstores have in common?
A．They begin to sell e-books.
B．They offer free coffee and tea.
C．They’re changing their business model.
D．They are trying to create reading community.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．Traditional bookstores are still popular.
B．Many bookstores appear in the world.
C．Book clubs are appearing in a new form.
D．Bookstores focus on new ways to reach readers.

4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題】
Imagine if we could turn items that would normally be thrown in the dustbin into warm, waterproof blankets—a young girl from Wales is doing just that!
Twelve-year-old Alyssa Faith has spent the past year collecting abandoned chip bags which she then transforms into foil (箔紙) warming blankets. She donates them, along with toiletries and other essentials, to organizations that support people who are unhoused throughout Wales and as far as Ukraine. So far, she’s turned over 10,000 chips bags into 200+ blankets!
Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.
As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.
For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮紙) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together. The result is a foil blanket similar to the ores used in emergencies. It takes Alyssa about an hour and a half to make each blanket, and her mom says the project keeps her out of trouble!
“She makes the blankets after school—it certainly keeps her away from her phone,” said Alyssa’s mom, Darlene Dean. “She’s passionate about the environment, and the homeless support organizations in North Wales have been very positive about the blankets.”
This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!
4．What inspired Alyssa to make foil blankets?
A．Others’ similar behavior.
B．Her passion for recycling.
C．The sight of the poor homeless.
D．Her mother’s encouragement.
5．What is an extra advantage of the foil blankets?
A．It prevents cold.
B．It offers comfort.
C．It benefits the environment.
D．It provides recyclable items.
6．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 5?
A．The challenge of using chip bags.
B．The process of making foil blankets.
C．The efforts Alyssa and her mom made.
D．The materials used in making blankets.
7．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To introduce Crisp Packet Project.
B．To appeal for love and care.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To sing the praises of Alyssa’s kindness.

5.【河南省南陽市第一中學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期測試】
The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom rolled out the two trains. Teams in Germany and France worked in collaboration on the project which was approved by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise. It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-fueled trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company confirms another 14 Coradia iLint trains will make their first appearance in Lower Saxony by 2023.

Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in embracing a new journey of clean-burning technologies. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2024.
8．Why did Germany build the new trains?
A．To substitute for diesel trains. B．To transport more passengers.
C．To make traveling much easier. D．To strengthen friendship with France.
9．What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?
A．It runs without making any noise. B．It doesn’t use electrical power.
C．It is less costly to run. D．It is cheaper to manufacture.
10．It can be concluded that hydrogen trains ______.
A．a(chǎn)re in wide circulation B．can contribute to green mobility
C．can wipe out air pollution D．can discharge water and oxygen
11．What might be the best title for the text?
A．A Pioneer in Natural Resource Conservation B．Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C．The First-ever Hydrogen Trains D．A New Way to Make Electricity

6.【湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三試題】
The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.
This decision was based on their interpretation of constitutional law, but it’s also deeply political. When the court overturns a previous ruling it inevitably looks to critics to be more political than constitutional.
The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade — and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.
Now that Roe v Wade is overturned, 26 states could further restrict abortion access, including 13 states that have passed so-called trigger laws, which would introduce bans immediately upon the court’s decision.
Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.
As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.
There were somewhere between 600,000 and 800,000 abortions in the US in 2019. According to the Center for Disease Control, about one in six pregnancies end in abortion, and over 90% occur in the first trimester (妊娠頭三個月). Over half of women who get abortions are already mothers, and for most, it is their first abortion.
Further fights may be ahead over how this ruling affects certain types of contraception (避孕) or IVF treatment. And some have questioned whether similar legal arguments can be used to undermine same-sex marriage.
America today feels like one country that contains two very separate nations, inhabited by two tribes that have completely different values, beliefs and goals. Now, they have just moved farther apart.
(Roe v Wade案是美國最高院1973年宣判的一個案子，它通過借道隱私權(quán)，確認了美國憲法保障女性的墮胎權(quán)。)
4．What does the underlined word “sanctuaries” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Refuges. B．Churches. C．Markets. D．Intersections.
5．What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?
A．The decision will reduce abortion effectively.
B．All abortion clinics will be abandoned in America.
C．Women will still try different ways to have an abortion.
D．Time and money is a must for women to have an abortion.
6．Which of the following is CORRECT?
A．Women in California can’t have an abortion.
B．Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.
C．America is a very united country in terms of abortion right.
D．The decision was made merely according to interpretation of law.
7．What is the best title of the text?
A．Abortion right is human right
B．Why is abortion forbidden in America
C．Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost
D．Women should fight for their abortion right

答案
真題透視
1.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】21．C???????23．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法。
21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法。由此推知，本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。
23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】24．B???
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但隨著時間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我們有時會無意間浪費食物。故選B項。
3.【2022年全國乙卷】
【答案】??25．D????27．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章是一則書評，簡要介紹了Dorothy Wickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他們和一個當?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上)”可推知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們的生活飽受磨難。故選D項。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品)”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
【答案】?2．C????3．C
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (過去的三個夏天，我一直在紐約的一家政府機構(gòu)工作。新移民涌入我們的辦公室尋求幫助，就像排隊吃午餐的小女孩一樣)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (幾年后，當我站在布魯克林一所幼兒園的午餐隊伍里時，我意識到事情不再那么簡單了)”可知，當年的小女孩長大了，在紐約的一家政府機構(gòu)工作，工作環(huán)境讓她想到當年自己在幼兒園的午餐隊伍排隊的情境。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (這項工作拓展了我的思維，這是在四面墻的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布魯克林的街道上，我不再對這座城市的聲音和氣味感到困惑。 相反，我會享受它的多樣性)”可知，作者三個夏天的工作拓展了思維，開始接受真實世界的多樣性。故選C。

模擬演練
1.【江蘇省揚州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三檢測試題】
【答案】23．C????24．B????25．D????26．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了健步足球幫助老年人保持健康和積極的生活方式。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness.(這個體育活動讓參加者步行而不是跑步，旨在幫助老年人保持健康或積極的生活方式，無論他們的年齡和健康狀況如何)”可知，健步足球的目的是為了提高老年人的福祉。故選C。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40.000 regular participants.(根據(jù)2019年的一項調(diào)查，有1200個注冊俱樂部，估計有4萬名定期參與者)”和第二段的“North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example.(東約克郡的North Ferriby健步足球俱樂部就是這樣一個例子)”可知，作者在第二段提到North Ferriby俱樂部的目的是對第一段內(nèi)容進行例證。故選B。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.(如果你想贏，有嚴肅的足球隊，也有友誼隊。我寧愿堅持后者。通過健步足球與人交流是很好的)”可知，Andy最喜歡健步足球能幫助交友。故選D。
26．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.(然而，令人驚訝的是，87%的俱樂部報告稱，女性球員不足10%。并不是所有的俱樂部都像North Ferriby健步足球俱樂部那樣幸運，該俱樂部采用現(xiàn)收現(xiàn)付的模式，有可靠的贊助來減少成本負擔)”可知，最后一段主要講的是推廣這個體育活動還有很多工作要做。故選A。

2.【江蘇省揚州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三檢測試題】
【答案】27．C????28．B????29．D????30．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了修復(fù)珊瑚礁的新方法。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.(與在海洋中培育珊瑚的傳統(tǒng)方式不同，陸基苗圃在將珊瑚種植在珊瑚礁上之前先在水箱中培育珊瑚。雖然這種操作往往價格高昂，勞動強度也更大，但它們提供了一個在可控環(huán)境中飼養(yǎng)珊瑚的機會，在那里可以使用實驗方法，并允許大規(guī)模修復(fù)珊瑚礁)”可知新方法是在陸地上的水箱里種植珊瑚，不像傳統(tǒng)方法在自然環(huán)境中種植。而是在生長在人工環(huán)境中。故選C項。
28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. (該系統(tǒng)可以在其他地方設(shè)置，并針對某個地區(qū)的特定珊瑚進行一些調(diào)整)”推斷，Teicher的話的意思是系統(tǒng)操作方便。plug-and-play為“即插即用的”之意。故選B項。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.(每一個島嶼都需要大規(guī)模的珊瑚農(nóng)場。非營利領(lǐng)域的資金規(guī)模只是九牛一毛，我們的模式可以幫助該領(lǐng)域減少對捐贈的依賴)”可推知所以慈善捐款對于大規(guī)模修復(fù)珊瑚礁是不夠的，所以Teicher選擇盈利模式。故選D項。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.(海洋生物學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·沃恩(David Vaughan)指出，Coral Vita可能有數(shù)百萬美元的啟動成本，每年種植的珊瑚不到5000到10000個?！斑@不是我們需要的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模，”沃恩說，并補充說，將需要數(shù)十萬次的操作，“每只珊瑚要花費幾美元”)”Vaughan 先指出Coral Vita的啟動資金可能有數(shù)百萬，然而一年只種植了5000到10000株珊瑚。接著他說這不是我們想要得到的規(guī)模。因此Vaughan對Coral Vita的計劃持有懷疑態(tài)度。故選B項。

3.【河北省滄衡八校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三試題】
【答案】8．A????9．B????10．D????11．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了書店的悄然變化——不僅僅提供書籍，還為以閱讀為中心的聚會開辟了新的空間。
8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling認為，她創(chuàng)造的不僅僅是一家商店，而是一個社區(qū)空間。Kling看到許多書店修改了他們的商業(yè)模式以吸引新顧客。她說：“多年來，書店隨著變化而適應(yīng)，增加了不同的東西，使之參與進來，尤其是較小的書店”。)”可知，此處描述書店增加了不同的東西來吸引顧客。由此可推知，one指代“那些新增的東西中的一個”。故選A。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. (大約九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在別人的客廳之外的任何地方舉行讀書俱樂部會議，因此，BookBar誕生了。)”可知，Sullivan最初的夢想是成立一個讀書俱樂部。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling認為，她創(chuàng)造的不僅僅是一家商店，而是一個社區(qū)空間。Kling看到許多書店修改了他們的商業(yè)模式以吸引新顧客。她說：“多年來，書店隨著變化而適應(yīng)，增加了不同的東西，使之參與進來，尤其是較小的書店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大約九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在別人的客廳之外的任何地方舉行讀書俱樂部會議，由此，BookBar誕生了。這家受歡迎的書店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盤子，供你在閱讀和瀏覽書籍時享用。Sullivan說：“除了讀書俱樂部會議之外，這家商店還看到很多女孩之夜、專業(yè)會議和遠程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立學(xué)校為孩子們讀了近30年書之后，創(chuàng)立了Read Me a Story網(wǎng)站。他的網(wǎng)站提供Topp大聲朗讀故事的錄音，以及一千多個故事供其他人閱讀，孩子們可以發(fā)表評論和交換意見。他還在主要平臺上提供了一個播客，其中他閱讀適合課堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”可知，文章提出了讀書俱樂部發(fā)生的變化。Kling的書店會給孩子們提供玩、吃零食和閱讀的地方；Sullivan的俱樂部有開設(shè)的閱讀社區(qū)，而Topp的書店創(chuàng)立了閱讀網(wǎng)站，供孩子們評論和交流。由此可推知，這幾家書店的共同之處是它們都在創(chuàng)建讀書社區(qū)。故選D。
11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling認為，她創(chuàng)造的不僅僅是一家商店，而是一個社區(qū)空間。Kling看到許多書店修改了他們的商業(yè)模式以吸引新顧客。她說：“多年來，書店隨著變化而適應(yīng)，增加了不同的東西，使之參與進來，尤其是較小的書店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大約九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在別人的客廳之外的任何地方舉行讀書俱樂部會議，由此，BookBar誕生了。這家受歡迎的書店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盤子，供你在閱讀和瀏覽書籍時享用。Sullivan說：“除了讀書俱樂部會議之外，這家商店還看到很多女孩之夜、專業(yè)會議和遠程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立學(xué)校為孩子們讀了近30年書之后，創(chuàng)立了Read Me a Story網(wǎng)站。他的網(wǎng)站提供Topp大聲朗讀故事的錄音，以及一千多個故事供其他人閱讀，孩子們可以發(fā)表評論和交換意見。他還在主要平臺上提供了一個播客，其中他閱讀適合課堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”及第一段“Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading. (讀書俱樂部不再局限于客廳，書店提供的不僅僅是書籍，還為以閱讀為中心的聚會提供了新的開放空間。)”可知，文章主要介紹了實體書店的變化，它們不僅賣書而且還提供甜點、咖啡，網(wǎng)站等，以此吸引讀者前來。故推知書店專注于吸引讀者的新方式。故選D。
4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題】
【答案】4．A????5．C????6．B????7．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了Alyssa收集廢棄的薯片袋，制作成箔紙?zhí)核徒o有需要的人的故事。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.”（Alyssa從Facebook上關(guān)于英國東薩塞克斯郡Pen Huston的故事中得到了制作這些創(chuàng)新毛毯的想法。Pen啟動了Crisp Packet Project，用箔紙?zhí)褐谱骶壬?，并將其送給英國各地需要幫助的人。）可知，Alyssa從Facebook上了解到Pen Huston用箔紙?zhí)褐谱骶壬@激發(fā)了她的靈感，她想到了制作箔紙?zhí)旱闹饕猓纱丝芍?，其他人類似的行為啟發(fā)了Alyssa制作箔紙?zhí)?。故選A項。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.”（作為一個初露頭角的環(huán)保主義者，Alyssa認為使用薯片袋還有額外的好處。她說：“薯片包裝袋真的很難回收，所以這是一種阻止它們進入垃圾箱的新方法?！保┛芍?，Alyssa認為使用薯片袋還有額外的好處，那就是阻止難以回收的薯片包裝袋進入垃圾箱，這對環(huán)境有益，由此可知，箔紙?zhí)旱念~外優(yōu)勢是它有益于環(huán)境。故選C項。
6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段關(guān)鍵句“For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮紙) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together.”（對于每一個包裝袋，她首先打開包裝袋并清洗，這是她最不喜歡的部分，然后她將四個包裝袋放在一張羊皮紙上，并熨平，使它們粘在一起。最后一步是將包裝袋放在透明塑料之間，然后熨燙，將其密封在一起。）可知，本段內(nèi)容主要講述了制作箔紙?zhí)旱倪^程，首先打開包裝袋并清洗，然后進行熨燙，最會進行密封，故選B項。
7．推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合最后一段內(nèi)容“This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!”（這位年輕的女士真是太棒了！我們喜歡她以如此巨大而有意義的方式將自己的技能用于幫助他人。繼續(xù)努力，Alyssa！）可知，本文主要講述了Alyssa收集廢棄的薯片袋，制作成箔紙?zhí)核徒o有需要的人的故事，歌頌了Alyssa幫助他人的善良行為，由此可知，本文的主要目的是歌頌Alyssa的善良。故選D項。
5.【河南省南陽市第一中學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期測試】
【答案】8．A????9．C????10．B????11．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一種新型的氫動力火車。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.(這種名為Coradia ilint的新型列車標志著德國和其他國家開始努力尋找一種能產(chǎn)生污染的柴油列車的替代品，目前流通中的柴油列車數(shù)量仍然很高。)”可知，建造新型火車的目的是取代產(chǎn)生污染的柴油列車, 故選A。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower.(但阿爾斯通官員表示，運營成本要低得多。)”可知，氫動力火車的優(yōu)點是運行成本比較低，故選C。
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.(列車由氫燃料電池驅(qū)動，唯一的排放物是蒸汽和冷凝水。)”可知，新的氫動力火車其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以是環(huán)保的，因此能促進綠色出行，故選B。
11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.(世界上第一列氫動力列車在德國亮相。這些列車于周一在德國北部下薩克森州開始搭載乘客。新列車的運行里程為100公里，最高時速可達140公里。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是世界上第一輛新型的氫動力火車的研制及其特點，因此最好的題目是C選項“The First-ever Hydrogen Trains(有史以來第一輛氫動力列車)”，故選C。
6.【湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三試題】
【答案】4．A????5．C????6．B????7．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了美國最高法院裁定推翻羅伊訴韋德案，讓各州決定女性是否擁有墮胎的權(quán)利。
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段的“Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.(像加利福尼亞和紐約這樣由民主黨控制的州將把自己塑造成墮胎sanctuaries，歡迎來自墮胎被宣布為非法的地方的婦女?？偣灿?0個州墮胎仍然是受保護的權(quán)利。大約有2650萬育齡婦女生活在這些州。)”可知，那些因墮胎而被宣布為違法的女性可以生活在像紐約和加利福尼亞等州，這些州有保護墮胎的權(quán)利，因此可知，加利福尼亞和紐約這樣的州對這些女性來說是避難圣地，因此可推知劃線詞與選項A“Refuges(避難所)”意思相近。故選A項。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.(隨著墮胎診所在禁止這種做法的州關(guān)閉，預(yù)計會有更多的診所在州邊界附近仍然允許墮胎的地方開業(yè)。那些沒有時間或金錢去到那里的人可能會訴諸其他方式——比如在網(wǎng)上訂購人工流產(chǎn)藥丸——即使這是非法的。)”可知，雖然在禁止墮胎的州內(nèi)關(guān)閉了一些診所，但是在允許墮胎的一些邊境地方將會開設(shè)更多的診所，并且人們還會網(wǎng)上訂購人工流產(chǎn)藥丸來墮胎，因此推知，女性們?nèi)匀粫x擇各種方式來墮胎。故選C項。
6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade—and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.(因為唐納德·特朗普任命的三名大法官，最高法院以6比3的比例獲得了保守派的絕對多數(shù)。特朗普在競選中做出了明確的承諾，將任命推翻羅伊訴韋德案的法官——這些任命可能是他最持久的遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，特朗普任命的法官推翻了羅伊訴韋德案，由此可知，唐納德·特朗普反對墮胎，B項“Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.(唐納德·特朗普努力廢除墮胎)”說法正確。故選B項。
7．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段的“The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.(美國最高法院最終決定推翻羅伊訴韋德案，開啟了這場持續(xù)數(shù)十年的流產(chǎn)之爭的新篇章。在一項6比3的裁決中，法院發(fā)現(xiàn)憲法中沒有墮胎的權(quán)利，將是否允許墮胎的決定權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)向了各州?，F(xiàn)在，預(yù)計數(shù)百萬婦女將無法享有這項權(quán)利。)”可知，本文主要報道了美國否定了羅伊訴韋德案，使得婦女享有的墮胎權(quán)丟失，所以“Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost(羅伊訴韋德案被推翻，墮胎權(quán)喪失)”是最佳標題。故選C項。