甘肅省武威第十八中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題含解析

這是一份甘肅省武威第十八中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題含解析，共21頁。試卷主要包含了閱讀理解，完型填空，語法填空，短文改錯(cuò)，書面表達(dá)等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
?2021-2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末考試試卷
高二英語
第一卷（共70分）
一、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
The Nobel Prize for literature is given to the person who shall have produced the most outstanding work in the field of literature. Here are four winners, along with the reasons.
Peter Handke
He is an Austrian novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director and screenwriter. He is most famous for his novel about his mother’s act of killing herself deliberately, A Sorrow Beyond Dreams. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for literature.
Kazuo Ishiguro
He is a British novelist, screenwriter and short-story writer. He was born in Japan, but his family moved to the UK in 1960 when he was five. He is known for The Remains of the Day, Never Let Me Go and The Saddest Music in the World. He was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize for literature.
Bob Dylan
He is one of the most influential singer-songwriters of the 20th century. In 2016, he was named the winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize for literature and it was the first time that the honor had been given to a musician. He was praised for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.
Svetlana Alexievich
She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for literature. Her works reflected the suffering and courage in her time. She is known for her works about the women involved in World War II and the description of the Soviet Union’s war in Afghanistan.
1. Which of the following is Peter Handke’s famous book?
A. Never Let Me Go. B. The Remains of the Day.
C. A Sorrow Beyond Dreams. D. The Saddest Music in the World.
2. What is special about Bob Dylan?
A. He was the first musician to receive the Nobel Prize.
B. He tried to explore the human nature.
C. He wrote a lot of Japanese songs.
D. He helped the women in need.
3. Whose book will you choose if you want to read something with a war background?
A. Peter Handke’s. B. Kazuo Ishiguro’s.
C. Bob Dylan’s. D. Svetlana Alexievich’s.
New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting things to see and to do. You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world.
But there are serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people in some of big cities. Every year many people move to the cities because there are some chances to find jobs, to study at good schools, and to receive good medical care. But sometimes these people cannot find work or a good place to live in. Also, too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
Some people enjoy living in big cities. Others do not. Before people move to big cities, they should think about the problems of living there.
4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Big cities B. New York, London, and Paris
C. Exciting Places to live in D. Serious Problems in Big Cities
5. In big cities people can ________.
A. go to different kinds of museums B. see all kinds of plays and films
C. buy things from all over the world D. A, B, and C
6. Which of the following is true?
A. Big cities are not safe and clean enough.
B. People can easily find a good place to live in a big city.
C. Living in a big city doesn't cost a lot.
D. All people like to live in big cities.
7. In this passage the writer advises people ________.
A. to move to a big city
B. not to move to a big city
C. not to move to a big city without thinking about the problems there
D. not to think too much about the problems before they move to a big city
When asked why he or she wears clothes, some people will probably answer “to keep warm and to cover my body”. These are the basic reasons why clothes are worn, but people also want to look attractive and appear successful to others.
If people only wore clothes for warmth and to cover their bodies, most clothes would be simple and cheap. In most Western countries, however, clothes are sometimes very expensive. The main reason for this is not the cost of the cloth or the cost of making the clothes. The clothes are expensive because of fashion(時(shí)尚).
Successful businessmen, for example, often wear very expensive suits, shirts and ties. Sometimes they pay thousands of dollars for a suit and hundreds of dollars for a tie. It’s just a suit and a tie but they pay these prices because of the famous name of the designer. A suit costing much less would be just as warm and would cover the wearer's body just as well.
Fashion is always changing, which means those who want to be fashionable have to buy new clothes every few months, even if last month's clothes have only been worn once or twice. Some people have wardrobes full of clothes that have hardly been worn but are no longer in fashion. Being fashionable, therefore, can be a very expensive pastime(消遣)!
8. What do people basically wear clothes for?
A. Looking attractive to others. B. Following the fashion.
C. Appearing successful to others. D. Keeping warm and covering bodies.
9. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. fashion is an expensive pastime B. fashion is not always changing
C. expensive clothes are warmer D. fashion designers like expensive clothes
10. What does the underlined word “wardrobes” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Fashionable clothes shops. B. The clothes that some people have.
C. Cupboards for storing clothes. D. Shelves used for keeping books.
11. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Suits and ties. B. Clothes and fashion.
C. Beauty and success. D. Cost and pastime.
A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老過程). Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that a devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also healthier.
For their study, the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 to 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. We will call this group the “cyclists”.
Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy, but they did not exercise regularly. We will call this group the “non-exercisers”. Smokers, heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.
Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass (肌肉質(zhì)量), muscular strength, percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune (免疫的) systems. Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.
Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also, their body fat did not increase with age.
The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.
The researchers advise us all to find an exercise that we like in our lives.
12. How did the researchers carry out the study?
A. By comparing. B. By discussing.
C. By imagining. D. By reasoning.
13. Which of the following is a result of the research?
A. The cyclists kept a thin body shape.
B. The non-exercisers gained weight easily.
C. The cyclists’ muscles remained strong with age.
D. The non-exercisers usually had health problems.
14. Which is an unexpected result for the researchers?
A. The cyclists had normal aging process.
B. The cyclists’ immune systems didn’t age.
C. The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.
D. Everyone needed an exercise in their lives.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Healthy People Need More Exercise
B. Take an Exercise, the Harder, the Better
C. Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent Aging
D. A Lifetime of Exercise Slows Aging Process
第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
How to Fall Asleep
Falling asleep isn’t always as simple as placing your head on a pillow and shutting your eyes.___16___. Getting comfortable may seem impossible. Fortunately, there are some ways to fall asleep quickly and improve your sleep quality.
Try to take deep breaths
Breathing exercises can help you relax. Take in a long, slow breath through your nose. By slowing your breathing, you can help regulate your heart rate and get your whole body ready for sleep.____17____.
Manage light
Bright light after sunset tells your brain that the sun is coming back up, which can prevent it from releasing hormones that help you fall asleep. ___18___. Additionally, if you have to look at your phone or computer, lower the brightness.
____19____
Keep your room cool, clean, dark, and quiet. Sleeping in a uncomfortable area is not a good or relaxing way to sleep, so get air regulation throughout the room, clean your room and change your sheets regularly.
Follow a healthy sleep routine
____20____. If you go to bed at different times every day, your body won't know when it’s supposed to fall asleep. Train yourself to fall asleep by following a set routine and practicing healthy sleep habits.
A. Keep your room clean and tidy
B. Create a comfortable environment
C. You can’t fall asleep with bright light overhead
D. So turn off bright overhead lights and use lamps instead
E. Stick to a routine so your body knows when it’s time to sleep
F. Thoughts and worries might race their way through your mind
G. In fact, taking deep breaths helps you fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly
二、完型填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
My father once worked for a big company. However, when I was a year old he ____21____ his job and then our family got into a difficult station. We were ____22____, so we sold our house. Then we had to live with my grandmother, ____23____ she didn’t like kids at all. She never ____24____. But I was very happy with my parents. My father was ____25____ at making things. I was also ____26____ and had a talent for designing.
We didn’t have money to buy. ____27____ so we made our own. I put two tyres together to make a horse. I learned a lot about gravity(重力) because I ____28____ many times.
By 10, I knew I wanted to become a(n) ____29____, but they didn’t take women in engineering school, so I went to another school and _____30_____ in 1945. Then I was very _____31_____ to be accepted by the army’s training programme. I learned a lot there. In 1966, I _____32_____ serving the army. I began to work with children with learning problems. I wanted to _____33_____ something that would help them. Luckily, I _____34_____.
I tried to retire five times but it _____35_____ worked. In 1997, I went back to school to learn drawing, which was _____36_____ for my inventions. On a TV program in 2015, I _____37_____ David Kelley the founder of the design firm IDEO. When I realized he _____38_____ people from different backgrounds, I thought, “I have special life experiences and designing skills. I could be of _____39_____ to his firm.”
I typed a letter to Kelley and quickly, I got a _____40_____ that I was accepted. I was 85.
21. A. lost B. took C. missed D. changed
22. A. in order B. in peace C. in danger D. in debt
23. A. though B. or C. as D. so
24. A. apologized B. performed C. smiled D. worked
25. A. mad B. skilled C. amazed D. disappointed
26. A. sensitive B. strict C. pretty D. creative
27. A. clothes B. books C. toys D. foods
28. A. fell off B. gave in C. looked up D. turned back
29. A. doctor B. soldier C. dancer D. inventor
30. A. started B. returned C. graduated D. arrived
31. A. afraid B. lucky C. brave D. clever
32. A. finished B. enjoyed C. escaped D. kept
33. A. remember B. gather C. say D. develop
34. A. left B. agreed C. succeeded D. stopped
35. A. already B. always C. nearly D. never
36. A. famous B. helpful C. fit D. ready
37. A. invited B. called C. discovered D. saw
38. A. persuaded B. recognized C. accepted D. doubted
39. A. value B. importance C. interest D. health
40. A. choice B. reply C. gift D. reward
第二卷（共50分）
三、語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Music is everywhere nowadays. Music plays ___41___ important part in daily life. And there are different types of music in the world, such as Blues, Disco, Jazz, Classical music, Pop-music and so on.
Music is of great use in many fields. It ___42___ (use) in some special places ___43___ people are always attracted by the sweet-sounding music such as advertising, radios, TV, films and the supermarkets. So you can see that it helps the companies make money.
Why are so many people fond of ___44___ (enjoy) music? In my opinion, ___45___ (usual) we prefer expressing through music, so we can share many feelings with other people when we are tired after work or when we are nervous. Listening to music makes us feel more ___46___ (relax) and better. Listening to music ___47___ (help) us face the difficulties we meet in ___48___ (we) life and makes us forget some problems. In ___49___ (add), we can learn more about the cultures of different countries and then learn about the world better. Music makes our life so _____50_____ (color).
四、短文改錯(cuò)(每小題1分，滿分10分)
51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. She is our monitor and one of the excellent student in our class. Although she is clever, but she works very hard. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. She stopped look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbour’s house. She called 119 immediate. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. Her neighbour was very thankful for her help.
五、書面表達(dá)（25分）
52. 假如你是李華，你剛收到了你的朋友王梅的電子郵件，她在郵件里向你詢問在高中如何學(xué)好英語。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列的內(nèi)容給她寫封回信。
1. 上課認(rèn)真聽講，做好筆記，課后及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)；
2. 詞匯是基礎(chǔ)，每天早上花半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間背誦單詞，朗讀 課文；
3. 課外多與同學(xué)用英語交流，提高聽力和口語能力；
4. 每天堅(jiān)持寫日記。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100詞左右，短文的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總數(shù)；2.內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，注意行文連貫。
Dear Wang Mei,
I’m very glad to have received your e-mail.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua





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【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】本文是說明文。本文介紹了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出最杰出作品的四個(gè)人。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Peter Handke He is an Austrian novelist, playwright, translator, poet, film director and screenwriter. He is most famous for his novel about his mother’s act of killing herself deliberately, A Sorrow Beyond Dreams. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for literature.”（彼得·漢克，奧地利小說家、劇作家、翻譯家、詩人、電影導(dǎo)演和編劇。他最著名的小說是《夢(mèng)外的悲傷》，講述了他母親故意自殺的故事。他被授予2019年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。）可知，《夢(mèng)外的悲傷》是彼得·漢克的著名小說。故選C。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Bob Dylan He is one of the most influential singer-songwriters of the 20th century. In 2016, he was named the winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize for literature and it was the first time that the honor had been given to a musician.”（鮑勃·迪倫 他是20世紀(jì)最具影響力的創(chuàng)作型歌手之一。2016年，他被提名為2016年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主，這是該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)首次授予音樂家。）可知，鮑勃·迪倫的特殊之處在于他是2第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的音樂家。故選A。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Svetlana Alexievich She was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for literature. Her works reflected the suffering and courage in her time. She is known for her works about the women involved in World War II and the description of the Soviet Union’s war in Afghanistan.”（斯維特拉娜Alexievich她被授予2015年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。她的作品反映了她那個(gè)時(shí)代的苦難和勇氣。她因其關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)女性的作品以及對(duì)蘇聯(lián)在阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的描述而聞名。）可知，如果你想閱讀有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背景的書可以選擇Svetlana Alexievich的作品。故選D。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是說明文，主要講了像紐約、倫敦、巴黎這樣的大城市，既有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如：有很多娛樂場(chǎng)所和購物的地方，也存在很多嚴(yán)重的大問題，如：生活成本高、人口多、就業(yè)問題等。因此，當(dāng)人們搬到大城市時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮城市生活的問題。
1. 主旨大意題。首先根據(jù)第一段“New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting things to see and to do”紐約、倫敦、巴黎和其他大城市都是令人興奮的居住地。有許多有趣的事情要看和做。第一段表明了大城市的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第二段“But there are serious problems in big cities too.”但是大城市也有一些嚴(yán)重的問題。第二段表明了大城市也有缺點(diǎn)。文章圍繞大城市的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)展開，所以本文主要是講大城市，故選A項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world.”你可以看不同種類的博物館、戲劇和電影。你也可以去購物，買來自世界各地的東西?？芍诖蟪鞘心憧梢匀ゲ┪镳^，看戲劇，也可以去購物，所以ABC都提到了，故選D項(xiàng)。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Also, too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.”此外，太多的人在一個(gè)小空間使它難以保持城市的安全和清潔?？芍蟪鞘胁粔虬踩驼麧?。故選A項(xiàng)。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Before people move to big cities, they should think about the problems of living there.”在人們搬到大城市之前，他們應(yīng)該考慮住在那里的問題?？芍?，作者建議人們?nèi)ゴ蟪鞘星跋瓤紤]一下大城市存在的問題，故選C項(xiàng)。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹人類穿衣服的基本需求是保暖，但是現(xiàn)在更多的人是為了追求時(shí)尚買一些很貴的衣服，但是時(shí)尚在不斷的變化，所以很多人的衣櫥充滿了過時(shí)的衣服，時(shí)尚是一個(gè)昂貴的消遣方式。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“When asked why he or she wears clothes, some people will probably answer “to keep warm and to cover my body””可知，人當(dāng)被問及為什么要穿衣服時(shí)，有些人可能會(huì)回答“為了保暖和遮擋身體”。所以人們穿衣服主要是為了保暖。故選D項(xiàng)。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“The clothes are expensive because of fashion”可知，衣服貴的原因是它們是時(shí)尚的。所以我們可以從這篇文章中學(xué)到時(shí)尚是一種昂貴的消遣方式。故選A項(xiàng)。
3. 詞句猜測(cè)題。由最后段“full of clothes that have hardly been worn but are no longer in fashion”可知，裝滿了幾乎沒有穿過但不再流行的衣服。所以根據(jù)上下文語境可以判斷出，第四段下劃線的“wardrobes”是指儲(chǔ)藏衣服的櫥柜。故選C項(xiàng)。
4. 主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是從最后一段“Fashion is always changing, which means those who want to be fashionable have to buy new clothes every few months”可知，時(shí)尚總是在變化的，這意味著那些想要時(shí)尚的人不得不每隔幾個(gè)月就買新衣服。所以這篇文章講的主要是衣服和時(shí)尚的話題。故選B項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為
① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly，the same as，but，however，while，on the other hand，since，because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。
③ 語法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。
④ 語境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開上下文的語境，通過上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。
由最后段“full of clothes that have hardly been worn but are no longer in fashion”可知，裝滿了幾乎沒有穿過但不再流行的衣服。所以根據(jù)上下文語境可以判斷出，第四段下劃線的“wardrobes”是指儲(chǔ)藏衣服的櫥柜。故小題3選C項(xiàng)。
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】本文為說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)終身規(guī)律鍛煉或運(yùn)動(dòng)可減緩衰老進(jìn)程。
1. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二、三、四段對(duì)研究過程的描述及第四段中的Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.（然后研究人員比較了兩組的結(jié)果）可推斷，研究人員通過比較來進(jìn)行研究。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength.（結(jié)果顯示，騎自行車的人并沒有經(jīng)歷通常被認(rèn)為是正常老化過程中的身體變化。例如，他們沒有失去肌肉質(zhì)量或肌肉力量）可知，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，騎自行車的人的肌肉依然保持強(qiáng)健。故C選項(xiàng)正確。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.（研究表明，騎自行車的人的免疫系統(tǒng)也沒有老化）可知，騎自行車的人的免疫系統(tǒng)沒有老化。故B選項(xiàng)正確。
4. 標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老過程).（一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，終生有規(guī)律的運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)可以減緩衰老過程）及下文對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究的描述可知，D項(xiàng)“一生的鍛煉可以減緩衰老的過程”適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故D選項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要向讀者推薦一些提高睡眠質(zhì)量的方法。
1. 根據(jù)前句“Falling asleep isn’t always as simple as placing your head on a pillow and shutting your eyes.（入睡并不總是像把頭放在枕頭上然后閉上眼睛那么簡(jiǎn)單）”以及后文“Getting comfortable may seem impossible（讓自己感到舒適似乎是不可能的）”可知，此處在講解入睡并不容易，所以空處應(yīng)是不容易的原因，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Thoughts and worries might race their way through your mind（想法和擔(dān)憂可能會(huì)在你的腦海中飛快地閃過）”符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。
2. 根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Try to take deep breaths（試著深呼吸）”可知本段主要講述了深呼吸對(duì)提高睡眠質(zhì)量的好處，空位于段尾，是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)，所以G項(xiàng)“In fact, taking deep breaths helps you fall asleep faster and sleep more soundly（事實(shí)上，深呼吸可以幫助你更快、睡得更香）”符合語境，deep breaths為同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G項(xiàng)。
3. 根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Manage light（管理光）”以及前句“Bright light after sunset tells your brain that the sun is coming back up, which can prevent it from releasing hormones that help you fall asleep（日落后明亮的光線告訴你的大腦，太陽又要升起來了，這會(huì)阻止大腦釋放幫助你入睡的激素）”可知，D項(xiàng)“So turn off bright overhead lights and use lamps instead（所以關(guān)掉明亮的頂燈，用燈代替）”與前句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語境，并切合本段小標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
4. 分析可知，空處是本段小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Keep your room cool, clean, dark, and quiet. Sleeping in a uncomfortable area is not a good or relaxing way to sleep, so get air regulation throughout the room, clean your room and change your sheets regularly.（保持你的房間涼爽、干凈、黑暗和安靜。睡在不舒服的地方不是一個(gè)好的或放松的睡眠方式，所以調(diào)節(jié)整個(gè)房間的空氣，定期打掃你的房間，更換你的床單）”可知，本段是在講述舒服的環(huán)境對(duì)睡眠的影響，所以B項(xiàng)“Create a comfortable environment（創(chuàng)造一個(gè)舒適的環(huán)境）”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
5. 根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Follow a healthy sleep routine（保持健康的睡眠習(xí)慣）”可知，本段主要講述保持健康的睡眠習(xí)慣對(duì)睡眠的影響，所以E項(xiàng)“Stick to a routine so your body knows when it's time to sleep（堅(jiān)持固定的作息時(shí)間，這樣你的身體就會(huì)知道什么時(shí)候該睡覺了）”符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者介紹了自己的成長(zhǎng)和工作的經(jīng)歷。作者是一名女性，從小就有創(chuàng)造力并具有設(shè)計(jì)的天賦。她想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生。作者一生都在為自己的夢(mèng)想努力，學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，在85歲的時(shí)候還被著名設(shè)計(jì)師David Kelley的公司錄取。
1. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. lost失去；B. took拿走；C. missed錯(cuò)過，想念；D. changed改變。根據(jù)However, when I was a year old he ________ his job and then our family got into a difficult station.可知，然而，當(dāng)我一歲的時(shí)候，他失去了工作，然后我們的家庭陷入了困境。故選A。
2. 考查詞組。A. in order按順序；B. in peace和平地；C. in danger在危險(xiǎn)中；D. in debt負(fù)債。根據(jù)We were ________, so we sold our house.可知，我們負(fù)債累累，所以我們賣掉了房子。故選D。
3. 考查連詞。A. though盡管；B. or否則；C. as因?yàn)?；D. so所以。根據(jù)Then we had to live with my grandmother. ________ she didn’t like kids at all.可知，我們不得不和奶奶住在一起，盡管她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡孩子。此處是though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，故選A。
4. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. apologized道歉；B. performed執(zhí)行，表演；C. smiled微笑；D. worked工作。根據(jù)She never ________.可知，她從來不笑。故選C。
5. 考查形容詞。A. mad瘋狂的；B. skilled熟練的；C. amazed驚奇的；D. disappointed感到失望的。根據(jù)My father was ________ at making things.可知，我父親擅長(zhǎng)制作東西。故選B。
6. 考查形容詞。A. sensitive敏感的；B. strict嚴(yán)格的；C. pretty美麗的；D. creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)I was also ________ and had a talent for designing.可知，我也有創(chuàng)造力并具有設(shè)計(jì)的天賦。故選D。
7. 考查名詞。A. clothes衣服；B. books書；C. toys玩具；D. foods食品。根據(jù)后文I put two tyres together to make a horse.可知，我們沒有錢買玩具，所以我們自己做玩具，我把兩個(gè)輪胎拼在一起做了一匹馬。故選C。
8. 考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A. fell off從---摔下來；B. gave in屈服；C. looked up抬頭向上看，查閱；D. turned back往回走。根據(jù)I learned a lot about gravity(重力) because I ________ many times.可知，我學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于重力的知識(shí)，因?yàn)槲宜は聛砗芏啻巍９蔬xA。
9. 考查名詞。A. doctor醫(yī)生；B. soldier士兵；C. dancer舞蹈者；D. inventor發(fā)明者。根據(jù)By 10, I knew I wanted to become a(n) ________, but they didn’t take women in engineering school, so I went to another school and ________ in 1945.可知，到10歲時(shí)，我知道我想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生，所以我去了另一所學(xué)校，并于1945年畢業(yè)。故選D。
10. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. started開始；B. returned歸還，返回；C. graduated畢業(yè)；D. arrived到達(dá)。根據(jù)By 10, I knew I wanted to become a(n) ________, but they didn’t take women in engineering school, so I went to another school and ________ in 1945.可知，到10歲時(shí)，我知道我想成為一名發(fā)明家，但工程學(xué)院不接收女生，所以我去了另一所學(xué)校，并于1945年畢業(yè)。故選C。
11. 考查形容詞。A. afraid害怕的；B. lucky幸運(yùn)的；C. brave勇敢的；D. clever聰明的。根據(jù)Then I was very ________ to be accepted by the army’s training programme.可知，然后我很幸運(yùn)地被軍隊(duì)的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目所接受。故選B。
12. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. finished完成；B. enjoyed喜愛；C. escaped逃脫；D. kept保持。根據(jù)I learned a lot there. In 1966, I ________ serving the army.可知，我在那里學(xué)到了很多。1966年，我完成了軍隊(duì)的服役。故選A。
13. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. remember記得；B. gather聚集；C. say說；D. develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)I wanted to ________ something that would help them.可知，我想開發(fā)一些能幫助他們的東西。故選D。
14. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. left離開；B. agreed同意；C. succeeded成功；D. stopped停止。根據(jù)Luckily, I ________.可知，很幸運(yùn)，我成功了。故選C。
15. 考查副詞。A. already已經(jīng)；B. always總是；C. nearly差不多；D. never從來沒有。根據(jù)I tried to retire five times but it ________ worked. In 1997, I went back to school to learn drawing, which was ________ for my inventions.可知，我試著五次退休，但從來沒有成功過。1997年，我回到學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，這對(duì)我的發(fā)明很有幫助。故選D。
16. 考查形容詞。A. famous著名的；B. helpful有幫助的；C. fit合適的；D. ready有準(zhǔn)備的。根據(jù)I tried to retire five times but it ________ worked. In 1997, I went back to school to learn drawing, which was ________ for my inventions.可知，我試著五次退休，但從來沒有成功過。1997年，我回到學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，這對(duì)我的發(fā)明很有幫助。故選B。
17. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. invited邀請(qǐng)；B. called打電話；C. discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D. saw看見。根據(jù)On a TV program in 2015, I ________ David Kelley the founder of the design firm IDEO.可知，在2015年的一檔電視節(jié)目中，我看到了設(shè)計(jì)公司IDEO的創(chuàng)始人大衛(wèi)凱利。故選D。
18. 考查動(dòng)詞。A. persuaded勸說；B. recognized意識(shí)到；C. accepted接受；D. doubted懷疑。根據(jù)When I realized he ________ people from different backgrounds, I thought, “I have special life experiences and designing skills. I could be of ________ to his firm.”可知，當(dāng)我意識(shí)到他接受來自不同背景的人時(shí)，我想，“我有特殊的生活經(jīng)歷和設(shè)計(jì)技巧。我對(duì)他的公司很有價(jià)值?！惫蔬xC。
19. 考查名詞。A. value價(jià)值；B. importance重要性；C. interest興趣；D. health健康。根據(jù)When I realized he ________ people from different backgrounds, I thought, “I have special life experiences and designing skills. I could be of ________ to his firm.”可知，當(dāng)我意識(shí)到他接受來自不同背景的人時(shí)，我想，“我有特殊的生活經(jīng)歷和設(shè)計(jì)技巧。我對(duì)他的公司很有價(jià)值?！惫蔬xA。
20. 考查名詞。A. choice選擇；B. reply回答；C. gift禮物；D. reward獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。根據(jù)I typed a letter to Kelley and quickly, I got a ________ that I was accepted. I was 85.可知，我給凱利打了一封信，很快，我得到了一個(gè)答復(fù)，我被錄取了。我已經(jīng)85歲了。故選B。
【答案】41. an 42. is used
43. where 44. enjoying
45. usually
46. relaxed
47. helps 48. our
49. addition
50. colorful /colourful
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了我們喜歡音樂的原因以及音樂給我們的生活帶來的益處。
1. 考查固定搭配。句意：音樂在日常生活中起著重要的作用。固定短語play a part in“在……中起作用”，important的發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用an。故填an。
2. 考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：它被用在人們總是被悅耳的音樂所吸引，像廣告、收音機(jī)、電視、電影和超市這些特殊的地方。全文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；It與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)態(tài)。故填is used。
3. 考查定語從句。句意：它被用在人們總是被悅耳的音樂所吸引，像廣告、收音機(jī)、電視、電影和超市這些特殊的地方。本句是定語從句，先行詞是places，是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
4. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為什么這么多人喜歡欣賞音樂？of是介詞，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，作賓語。故填enjoying。
5. 考查副詞。句意：在我看來，我們通常更喜歡通過音樂來表達(dá)，所以當(dāng)我們下班后感到疲勞或者緊張的時(shí)候，我們可以和其他人分享許多感受。空處是狀語，放在句首或句末表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填usually。
6. 考查形容詞。句意：聽音樂使我們感到更放松和更好。feel是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語，表示“感到……”，修飾人的感情，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞。故填relaxed。
7. 考查主謂一致。句意：聽音樂可以幫助我們面對(duì)生活中遇到的困難，讓我們忘記一些問題。動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填helps。
8. 考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：聽音樂可以幫助我們面對(duì)生活中遇到的困難，讓我們忘記一些問題。此處修飾名詞life，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填our。
9. 考查名詞。句意：此外，我們還可以更多地了解不同國(guó)家的文化，從而更好地了解世界。固定搭配in addition“此外”。故填addition。
10. 考查形容詞。句意：音樂讓我們的生活多姿多彩。make+ sb/sth+ adj.是固定搭配，意為“使某人或某物怎么樣”，后面的形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，應(yīng)用colorful或colourful。故填colorful或colourful。
【答案】1. who’s→whose
2. student→students
3.去掉but
4. on→in
5. was→were
6. homeworks →homework
7. stopped后加to
8. find→found
9. immediate→immediately
10. fire前加the
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了自己的朋友劉梅在鄰居家失火時(shí)幫助救援的事情。
1.考查定語從句。句意：我有一個(gè)好朋友，他的名字叫劉梅。此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞friend，在定語從句中作定語，需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。
2.考查名詞。句意：她是我們的班長(zhǎng)，也是我們班最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生之一。one of后面需加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將student改為students。
3.考查連詞。句意：雖然她很聰明，但她學(xué)習(xí)很努力。although和but不能連用。故將but去掉。
4.考查介詞。句意：我們有很多共同點(diǎn)，也有很多可以談?wù)摰?。have sth. in common為固定短語，意為“有共同之處”。故將on改為in。
5.考查主謂一致。句意：一天晚上，她告訴我，她父母不在家時(shí)發(fā)生了一件事。主語為her parents，be動(dòng)詞用were。故將was改為were。
6.考查名詞。句意：一個(gè)星期天早上，她正在做作業(yè)，突然聞到有東西燒焦了。homework為不可數(shù)名詞。故將homeworks改為homework。
7.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她停下來往窗外看，發(fā)現(xiàn)一團(tuán)煙正從她鄰居的房子里冒出來。stop to do sth停下來做某事(停下來去做另一件事情)；stop doing sth.停止做某事(停止手上正在做的事情)；此處表示“停下來寫作業(yè)去看窗外”，應(yīng)用stop to do sth.。故在stopped后加to。
8.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意同上。此處和stopped并列，需用一般過去時(shí)。故將find改為found。
9.考查副詞。句意：她立刻打了119。修飾動(dòng)詞called需用副詞作狀語。故將immediate改為immediately。
10.考查冠詞。句意：十分鐘后，消防隊(duì)員來了，把火撲滅了。此處表示特指，需加定冠詞。故在fire前加the。
【答案】Dear Wang Mei,
I’m very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I’m writing to give you some advice on how to learn English well in high school.
First of all, you should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class so that you can go over your lessons regularly after class. As we all know, vocabulary is of great importance. You should spend half an hour in the morning reciting words and reading texts aloud. What’s more, try to communicate with your classmates in English out of class. In this way you can improve your listening and spoken English quickly. Last but not least, you should develop the habit of keeping a diary, which helps improve your written English and helps you review the words and expressions that you have learnt.
I hope you will find these suggestions useful.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求寫一封電子郵件。
第1步：根據(jù)提示可知，本篇為一封電子郵件；你剛收到了你的朋友王梅的電子郵件，她在郵件里向你詢問在高中如何學(xué)好英語；你在回信中告訴她：1. 上課認(rèn)真聽講，做好筆記，課后及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)；2. 詞匯是基礎(chǔ)，每天早上花半個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間背誦單詞，朗讀課文；3. 課外多與同學(xué)用英語交流，提高聽力和口語能力；4. 每天堅(jiān)持寫日記。本文時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
第2步：根據(jù)寫作要求，確定關(guān)鍵詞（組），如：listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class （上課認(rèn)真聽講，做好筆記），go over your lessons（復(fù)習(xí)功課），vocabulary（詞匯），spend time doing sth.（花時(shí)間做某事），read texts aloud（朗讀課文），communicate with（與……交流），keep a diary（寫日記）等。
第3步：根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問題。
第4步：連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面是非常重要的。
【亮點(diǎn)說明】
范文內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。作者在范文中使用了較多高級(jí)表達(dá)方式，如狀語從句First of all, you should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class so that you can go over your lessons regularly after class.；定語從句Last but not least, you should develop the habit of keeping a diary, which helps improve your written English and helps you review the words and expressions that you have learnt.全文中沒有中國(guó)式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。另外first of all，what’s more，last but not least等詞組的使用，使得文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉(zhuǎn)換自然，為文章增色添彩。