(新高考)高考英語一輪復習講義 教材知識解讀 選擇性必修第1冊　Unit 1　People of Achievement (含答案)

這是一份(新高考)高考英語一輪復習講義 教材知識解讀 選擇性必修第1冊　Unit 1　People of Achievement (含答案)，共12頁。
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教材詞匯要記牢
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——我會認
1．extract n．提取物；摘錄vt.提?。惶釤?；摘錄；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速離開；逃跑
3．numerous adj.眾多的；許多的
4．theory n．理論；學說
5．relativity n．相對論；相對性
6．doctorate n．博士學位
7．institution n．社會公共機構；制度；習俗
8．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
9．botanical adj.植物學的
10．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的
11．substance n．物質(zhì)；物品；事實根據(jù)
12．chart n．圖表 vt.記錄；制訂計劃
13．patent n．專利；專利證書；獲得專利 adj.有專利的；受專利保護的
14．device n．方法；技巧；裝置；儀器
15．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；憂傷
Ⅱ.重點單詞——我會寫
1．crucial adj.至關重要的；關鍵性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
3．objective n．目標；目的 adj.客觀的
4．property n．性質(zhì)；特征；財產(chǎn)
5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸騰；煮開；燒開 n．沸騰；沸點
6．liquid n．液體 adj.液體的；液態(tài)的
7．obtain vt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得 vi.(規(guī)章、習俗等)存在；流行
8．a(chǎn)cknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝
9．defeat n．失敗；挫敗vt.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝
10．a(chǎn)pparently adv.顯而易見；看來；顯然
11．insist vi.& vt.堅持；堅決要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況
14．flow n．流；流動；流暢；供應 vi.流；流動
15．found vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在
16．infer vt.推斷；推定
17．gentle adj.溫柔的；文靜的
18．genius n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天資；天賦
19．passion n．酷愛；激情
20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
21．gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地
22．institute n．(教育、專業(yè)等)機構；機構建筑
23．consequence n．結果；后果
24．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
25．professor n．教授
26．remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的
27．sum vi.總結；概括 n．金額；款項；總數(shù)；總和
28．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草擬
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——我會變
1．commit vt.做出(錯事或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯等)；承諾；保證(某個人、機構等) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的→commitment n．投入；奉獻；承諾
2．a(chǎn)cademy n．(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院；學會；專科院?！鷄cademic adj.學業(yè)的；學術的
3．evaluate vt.評價；評估→evaluation n．評價；評估
4．a(chǎn)nalyse(NAmE -ze) vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
5．scientific adj.科學(上)的；關于科學的→science n．科學→scientist n．科學家
6．conclusion n．結論；推論→conclude vt.斷定；推斷出
7．novelist n．小說家→novel n．(長篇)小說adj.新穎的；新奇的
8．politician n．政治家；從政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
Ⅳ.核心短語
1．commit oneself to do承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)
2．insist on堅決要求
3．come to power (開始)掌權；上臺
4．take up a position擔任；任職
5．sum up總結；概括
高頻詞匯來助力
1．feature n．特征；特色
2．fiction n．小說；虛構的事
3．fierce adj.猛烈的；兇猛的
4．finance n．財政；金融
5．flashlight n．手電筒
6．flexible adj.靈活的；柔韌的；可彎曲的
7．forgetful adj.健忘的；易忘的
8．fortnight n．十四日；兩星期
經(jīng)典句式需悟通
1．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.
在開始的時候，屠呦呦去了海南研究瘧疾患者，在那里瘧疾較為普遍。
2．Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.
后來，這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進行了測試，大多數(shù)患者都康復了。
3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.”
聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她說：“這個榮譽不僅僅屬于我?！?br /> 4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中國的科學研究和中醫(yī)藥走向世界，確實是一種榮譽。
5．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.
他留著濃密的胡須和長長的白發(fā)，有時白發(fā)挺立，就好像剛遭了電擊。


Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共8分)
1．extract n．提取物；摘錄 vt.提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出
2．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速離開；逃跑
3．numerous adj.眾多的；許多的
4．theory n．理論；學說
5．relativity n．相對論；相對性
6．institution n．社會公共機構；制度；習俗
7．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
8．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；憂傷
Ⅱ.重點單詞(每小題1分，共15分)
9．vital adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
10．objective n．目標；目的 adj.客觀的
11．property n．性質(zhì)；特征；財產(chǎn)
12．a(chǎn)cknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝
13．defeat n．失?。淮鞌?vt.擊?。粦?zhàn)勝
14．a(chǎn)pparently adv.顯而易見；看來；顯然
15.insist vi.& vt.堅持；堅決要求
16．mostly adv.主要地，一般地
17．circumstance n．[usually pl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況
18．found vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把……建立在
19．gentle adj.溫柔的；文靜的
20．gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地
21．consequence n．結果；后果
22．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
23．remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題3分，共15分)
24．commit vt.做出(錯事或非法的事)；承諾 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅信的→commitment n．投入；奉獻；承諾
25．a(chǎn)nalys(z)e vt.分析→analysis (pl. analyses) n．分析
26．scientific adj.科學(上)的；關于科學的→science n．科學→scientist n．科學家
27．conclusion n．結論；推論→conclude vt.斷定；推斷出
28．novelist n．小說家→novel n．(長篇)小說adj.新穎的；新奇的
Ⅳ.高頻詞匯(每小題2分，共10分)
29．feature n．特征；特色
30．fiction n．小說；虛構的事
31．finance n．財政；金融
32．flashlight n．手電筒
33．fortnight n．十四日，兩星期
Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)
34．commit oneself to do承諾；保證(做某事、遵守協(xié)議或安排等)
35．insist on堅決要求
36．come to power(開始)掌權；上臺
37．take up a position擔任；任職
38．sum up總結；概括

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)(每小題2分，共20分)
1．My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers，which has become a vital part of my daily routine.
2．Though all his friends blamed him，he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
3．I wondered who made this decision and how they drew their conclusion(結論)．
4．While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences(后果) under stress，their responses to risk turn out to be different.
5．I have to acknowledge your generous assistance whenever I am in trouble.
6．If you don’t insist on what you are doing，under no circumstances will you obtain what you desire.
7．We should develop students’ ability to analyz(s)e(分析) and solve problems.
8．I hold the strong belief that I won’t be defeated(打敗) in the contest.
9．Founded(創(chuàng)建) in 1898，Peking University enjoys a good reputation worldwide.
10．It was by chance that I encountered(遇到) my former classmate on the street the other day.
Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空)(每小題2分，共10分)
11．Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off.(commit)
12．I concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth，that is to say，I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
13．The scientist has made scientific achievements in science.(scientific)
14．Through my great efforts，I obtained an academic qualification at the Chinese Academy of Science.(academy)
15．As you know，politics is my main major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many political parties and politicians.(politician)
Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題3分，共12分)
16．我要推薦你去西安旅行，那里有很多名勝古跡。(定語從句)(應用文之推薦信)
I will recommend you to visit Xi’an，where there are a great number of places of interest.
17．你會交到一些好朋友，他們大多數(shù)也喜歡打乒乓球。(“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句)
You will make some good friends，most of whom are also interested in playing table tennis.
18．一聽到這個消息，他難以抑制心中的興奮，高興地跳了起來。(upon doing...)(讀后續(xù)寫之興奮心理描寫)
Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
19．對于約翰來說，通過制作和賣爆米花來幫助伯納德過更好的生活是一種莫大的榮幸。(honour，it作形式主語)(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)
It is a great honour for John to help Bernard to live a better life by making and selling popcorn.

Ⅰ.課文語法填空——復習本單元Reading and Thinking部分
Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine because of her discovery of artemisinin,1.which is a crucial new treatment for malaria.After 2.graduating/graduation(graduate) from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,3.where she was committed to the objective of discovering how to treat malaria.Her team 4.evaluated(evaluate) 280,000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments,5.which showed promise in the fight against malaria.In the beginning，not only did her team test dried wormwood leaves but they also tried 6.boiling(boil) fresh wormwood.But neither worked.Not 7.acknowledging(acknowledge) defeat，she and her team insisted on analyzing medical texts again and finally drew a 8.conclusion(conclude) that 9.using(use) a lower temperature could make artemisinin extracted.As far as she is concerned，it is a great honour for Chinese medicine to 10.be spread(spread) around the world.
Ⅱ.課文選詞填空——復習本單元Using Language部分

Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，made 1.remarkable contributions to the world.Not only was he a 2.genius in science but he also was a courageous and gentle figure in his daily life.He had a strong 3.passion for knowledge.Consequently，he earned a doctorate in physics in 1905，when he published four extraordinary physics papers.In 1909，he entered 4.scientific research full-time at a university，which contributed to his being awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in 1922.Unfortunately，in 1933，he fled Germany because of Hitler，who 5.came to power in Germany.As a consequence，he 6.took up a position as a researcher in the USA.Besides his scientific achievements，Einstein was generous to those who he 7.encountered on the street.In conclusion，Albert Einstein was a brilliant scientist as well as a gentle person.

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯
commit vt.做出(錯事或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯等)；承諾；保證(某個人、機構等)
vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)He loved playing this instrument，and was committed to practicing(practice) it.
(2)He made a commitment to creating(create) a novel，which made us wild with joy.
(3)The most awkward email mistake is usually committed(commit) in anger.
?commit mistakes/murder/a crime犯錯誤/犯(兇殺)罪
?committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的
be committed to (doing) sth./commit oneself to (doing) sth.致力于做某事
?commit oneself to do承諾；保證做某事
?commitment n．投入；奉獻；承諾
make a commitment to (doing) sth.保證/承諾做某事

再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦
(4)我強烈建議你每天抽出一個小時讀英語，這將逐漸提高你的英語口語。(應用文之建議信)
I strongly suggest that you (should) commit one hour to reading English，which will gradually improve your spoken English.
acknowledge vt.承認(屬實、權威等)；(公開)感謝
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)It is universally acknowledged(acknowledge) that theory should be combined with practice.
(2)Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat) in the English speech competition，which made us quite depressed.
(3)Professor Yang Zhenning is acknowledged as one of the world’s greatest physicists.
acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as...認為某人/物是……；承認某人/物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth.承認做了某事
acknowledge that...承認……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公認的。

再提能力——完美寫作·詞匯升級/完成句子·背誦
(4)(普通表達)I thank my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(應用文之感謝信)
(高級表達)I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in English.
(5)大家普遍認為這部電影不僅具有指導意義，并且充滿激情。(2018·全國Ⅱ，書面表達)
It is universally acknowledged that the film is not only instructive but also full of passion.
insist vt.& vi.堅持；堅決要求
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)He insisted on walking(walk) me to the station to see me off，which nearly moved me to tears.
(2)The police officer insisted that he had disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules and (should) be fined(fine)．
?insist on (doing) sth.堅持要求(做)某事
?insist作“堅決要求”講后接賓語從句，從句謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(should do，should可省略)。作“堅持認為”講，從句用陳述語氣，根據(jù)需要選擇各種時態(tài)。

再提能力——完美寫作·句式升級·背誦
(3)(普通表達)We can build up our body only when we insist on working out regularly.
①(高級表達)Only when we insist on working out regularly can we build up our body.(用倒裝句改寫)
②(高級表達)We should insist on working out regularly，which can build up our body.(用定語從句改寫)
conclusion n.結論；推論
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)He concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)He concluded from what they had said that they were not in favor of the plan.
(3)We can safely draw the conclusion(conclude) that more practice is crucial to our daily study.
?in conclusion最后；總之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出結論
?conclude...with sth./by doing sth.以……結束
conclude from sth.從……中得出結論

再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子/一句多譯·背誦
(4)總之，正是你的慷慨幫助和體貼讓我在英國的學習和生活既特別又快樂。
In conclusion，it was your generous help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
(5)我從自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結論：“沒有付出就沒有收獲。”
①I concluded from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude)
②I drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion)
circumstance n.(usually pl.)條件；環(huán)境；狀況
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)Under/In no circumstances will I miss this precious opportunity，which is vital for my future development.
(2)If circumstances(circumstance) permit，I will go on talking about the crucial problem，which is difficult to cope with.
under/in no circumstances絕不(置于句首，句子用部分倒裝)
if circumstances permit/allow如果情況允許
under/in the circumstances在這種情況下

再提能力——完美寫作·完成句子·背誦
(3)我絕不放棄創(chuàng)辦一家公司的目標，因此，如果條件允許的話，我將立即采取行動去實現(xiàn)我的夢想。
Under no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.As a consequence，if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
take up a position擔任；任職
take up拿起；占據(jù)；開始從事；接受
take off脫下；起飛；事業(yè)騰飛；休假
take in吸收；理解；收留；欺騙
take over接管；接任
take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔
take down寫下；記下；拆除
take apart拆開；拆卸

能力提升——根據(jù)句意用take短語的正確形式填空
(1)With the development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look.
(2)I hardly took in what the teacher said in class，which made me in low spirits.
(3)Li Hua will take up his position as chairman of the Student Association at the end of next month.
(4)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.


it作形式主語
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.中國的科學研究和中醫(yī)藥走向世界，確實是一種榮譽。
先練基礎——單句語法填空
(1)It is a great honour to deliver(deliver) a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.(應用文之演講稿)
(2)It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.(應用文之傳統(tǒng)文化)
(3)It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
it作形式主語的常用句式：
?It be＋an honour＋for sb.to do sth./It is one’s great honour to do sth.
?It be＋過去分詞(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that從句
?It be＋形容詞(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that從句
?It be＋名詞短語(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that從句
?It＋不及物動詞(occur，happen，seem...)＋that從句

再提能力——完美寫作·句型轉換·背誦
(4)Apparently，we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.
→It is apparent that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty.(it作形式主語)
(5)I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary for you to know about the table manners of China.(應用文之傳統(tǒng)文化)
→I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that you should know about the table manners of China.(It is＋adj.＋that...)

提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上單元詞匯
Ⅰ.熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙
1．Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新穎的
2．In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria.目標
Ⅱ.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識
1．Committed(commit) to scientific research，he couldn’t spare any time to go on holiday.
2．Apparently(apparent)，he managed to settle the difficult problem in a scientific way.
3．I had to acknowledge being(be) anxious whenever an important examination approached.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) something very clever.
5．To sum up，there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
6．From the proof we have gathered，we can easily draw a conclusion(conclude) that he has broken the law.
7．Insisting(insist) that Tom had stolen her car，the old lady insisted that he (should) be sent(send) to prison.
8．It is apparent that the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals.
9．We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.
10．It was quite a while before the wolf realized that under no circumstances could he catch Mac.
Ⅲ.寫作增分練——提升語用能力
1．據(jù)說我們的對手(opponent)很棒，所以我們隊從明天開始每天放學后都要訓練以贏得比賽。(It is said that...)(2019·全國Ⅱ，書面表達)
It is said that our opponent is great，so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
2．上周末我們學校組織了一次采摘活動，這次活動讓我們體驗了鄉(xiāng)村生活。(非限制性定語從句)(2020·全國Ⅱ，書面表達)
Last weekend，our school organized a fruit-picking activity，which enabled us to experience the life in the countryside.
3．我很榮幸能為您提供一些實用的旅行建議，希望能幫您解決問題。(honour，定語從句)
(2019·北京，應用文)
It’s my great honour to offer you some practical travel tips，which，I hope，can solve your problems.
4．一見面，他們就緊緊地擁抱，好像他們永遠不會再分開了。(as if/though)(讀后續(xù)寫之肢體動作描寫)
The moment they met，they hugged together firmly/tightly as if/though they would never separate again.
5．一想到那只狼的血盆大口，Mac幾乎嚇暈過去。(upon/on doing)(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)
Upon/On thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac was nearly dead with fright.


請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語法項目：定語從句)

Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary woman genius，Madam Curie managed to obtain two kinds of radioactive elements，which were 1.vital to physics.It was widely acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1967.Distinct from other girls，she had a strong passion for science and 2.committed her whole life to scientific research.After graduating from high school，she took up a position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted to Paris University，where she achieved great 3.academic performances and became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(瀝青鈾礦) with the 4.objective of extracting radioactive elements.Despite numerous failures，under no circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat.Using flow charts and summing up what they had studied，the couple finally drew a 5.conclusion that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.Their theory，as other products and devices，can stand wear and tear.
In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a remarkable scientist.

練基礎——用定語從句合并下面兩個簡單句
I desire to take part in after-class activities.The activities can make my school life colorful.
I desire to take part in after-class activities，which can make my school life colorful.
技巧一點通
首先找出兩個簡單句所包含的共同部分，然后把一個簡單句設定為主句，把另外一個簡單句變成定語從句，注意關系詞的選擇。

提能力——微寫作
根據(jù)漢語提示并運用以上語法用英語寫一段話
我最尊敬的人是我的物理老師，她中等身材，有著長長的直發(fā)。她既好相處又負責任，這使我非常欽佩她。(2020·全國Ⅰ，書面表達)
The person (who/whom/that) I respect most is my physics teacher who is of medium height and has long，straight hair.Not only is she easy to get along with but also she is responsible，which makes me admire her greatly.